Differential regulation of epaxial and hypaxial muscle development by paraxis

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5217-5229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wilson-Rawls ◽  
C.R. Hurt ◽  
S.M. Parsons ◽  
A. Rawls
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Myogenic Lineage ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Myogenic Factor ◽  
Myogenic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Myod Expression

In vertebrates, skeletal muscle is derived from progenitor cell populations located in the epithelial dermomyotome compartment of the each somite. These cells become committed to the myogenic lineage upon delamination from the dorsomedial and dorsolateral lips of the dermomyotome and entry into the myotome or dispersal into the periphery. Paraxis is a developmentally regulated transcription factor that is required to direct and maintain the epithelial characteristic of the dermomyotome. Therefore, we hypothesized that Paraxis acts as an important regulator of early events in myogenesis. Expression of the muscle-specific myogenin-lacZ transgene was used to examine the formation of the myotome in the paraxis−/− background. Two distinct types of defects were observed that mirrored the different origins of myoblasts in the myotome. In the medial myotome, where the expression of the myogenic factor Myf5 is required for commitment of myoblasts, the migration pattern of committed myoblasts was altered in the absence of Paraxis. In contrast, in the lateral myotome and migratory somitic cells, which require the expression of MyoD, expression of the myogenin-lacZ transgene was delayed by several days. This delay correlated with an absence of MyoD expression in these regions, indicating that Paraxis is required for commitment of cells from the dorsolateral dermomyotome to the myogenic lineage. In paraxis−/−/myf5−/− neonates, dramatic losses were observed in the epaxial and hypaxial trunk muscles that are proximal to the vertebrae in the compound mutant, but not those at the ventral midline or the non-segmented muscles of the limb and tongue. In this genetic background, myoblasts derived from the medial (epaxial) myotome are not present to compensate for deficiencies of the lateral (hypaxial) myotome. Our data demonstrate that Paraxis is an important regulator of a subset of the myogenic progenitor cells from the dorsolateral dermomyotome that are fated to form the non-migratory hypaxial muscles.

Myogenin can substitute for Myf5 in promoting myogenesis but less efficiently

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (13) ◽  
pp. 2507-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
R. Jaenisch
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Myogenic Lineage ◽  
Muscle Formation ◽  
Myogenic Factor ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The myogenic basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors, including Myf5, MyoD, myogenin (myg) and MRF4, play important roles in skeletal muscle development. The phenotypes of mutant mice deficient in either gene are different, suggesting that each gene may have a unique function in vivo. We previously showed that targeting myogenin into the Myf5 locus (Myf5(myg-ki)) rescued the rib cage truncation in the Myf5-null mutant, hence demonstrating functional redundancy between Myf5 and myogenin in skeletal morphogenesis. Here we present the results of crossing myogenin knock-in (myg-ki) mice with either MyoD-null or myogenin-null mutants. The Myf5(myg-ki) allele rescued early myogenesis, but Myf5(myg-ki/myg-ki);MyoD(−/−) mutant mice died immediately after birth owing to reduced muscle formation. Therefore, myogenin, expressed from the Myf5 locus, is not able to completely replace the function of Myf5 in muscle development although it is capable of determining and/or maintaining myogenic lineage. Myf5(myg-ki/myg-ki);myg(−/−) mutant mice displayed the same phenotype as myg(−/−) mutants. This indicates that the earlier expression of myogenin cannot promote myogenic terminal differentiation, which is normally initiated by the endogenous myogenin. Thus, our results are consistent with the notion that Myf5 and myogenin are functionally interchangeable in determining myogenic lineage and assuring normal rib formation. Our experiment revealed, however, that some aspects of myogenesis may be unique to a given myogenic factor and are due to either different regulatory sequences that control their temporal and spatial expression or different functional protein domains.

scholarly journals Lipin1 is required for skeletal muscle development by regulating MEF2c and MyoD expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 597 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Jama ◽  
Dengtong Huang ◽  
Abdullah A. Alshudukhi ◽  
Roman Chrast ◽  
Hongmei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Myod Expression

Modular long-range regulation of Myf5 reveals unexpected heterogeneity between skeletal muscles in the mouse embryo

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (20) ◽  
pp. 4455-4467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hadchouel ◽  
S. Tajbakhsh ◽  
M. Primig ◽  
T.H. Chang ◽  
P. Daubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Early Expression ◽  
Myogenic Factor ◽  
The Brain

The myogenic factor Myf5 plays a key role in muscle cell determination, in response to signalling cascades that lead to the specification of muscle progenitor cells. We have adopted a YAC transgenic approach to identify regulatory sequences that direct the complex spatiotemporal expression of this gene during myogenesis in the mouse embryo. Important regulatory regions with distinct properties are distributed over 96 kb upstream of the Myf5 gene. The proximal 23 kb region directs early expression in the branchial arches, epaxial dermomyotome and in a central part of the myotome, the epaxial intercalated domain. Robust expression at most sites in the embryo where skeletal muscle forms depends on an enhancer-like sequence located between −58 and −48 kb from the Myf5 gene. This element is active in the epaxial and hypaxial myotome, in limb muscles, in the hypoglossal chord and also at the sites of Myf5 transcription in prosomeres p1 and p4 of the brain. However later expression of Myf5 depends on a more distal region between −96 and −63 kb, which does not behave as an enhancer. This element is necessary for expression in head muscles but strikingly only plays a role in a subset of trunk muscles, notably the hypaxially derived ventral body muscles and also those of the diaphragm and tongue. Transgene expression in limb muscle masses is not affected by removal of the −96/-63 region. Epaxially derived muscles and some hypaxial muscles, such as the intercostals and those of the limb girdles, are also unaffected. This region therefore reveals unexpected heterogeneity between muscle masses, which may be related to different facets of myogenesis at these sites. Such regulatory heterogeneity may underlie the observed restriction of myopathies to particular muscle subgroups.

A developmental analysis of oligodendroglial integrins in primary cells: changes in alpha v-associated beta subunits during differentiation

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 3497-3506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Milner ◽  
C. Ffrench-Constant
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Beta Subunits ◽  
Integrin Expression ◽  
Primary Cells ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Rgd Peptides ◽  
Rational Explanation ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor ◽  
Alpha V Beta 3 ◽  
Developmental Analysis

We have examined the expression of integrins on primary oligodendroglial cells during the differentiation of the proliferative oligodendrocyte precursor (O-2A progenitor) cell to the postmitotic oligodendrocyte. Cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage expressed a limited repertoire of integrins: alpha 6 beta 1 and alpha v integrins including alpha v beta 1, alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5, as well as a potentially novel integrin alpha v beta 80 kDa. Integrin expression was developmentally regulated; during differentiation alpha v beta 1 was reduced and alpha v beta 5 upregulated. These results suggest that laminin and vitronectin are important extracellular matrix ligands for oligodendrocytes, and provide a rational explanation for previous observations that RGD peptides inhibit the expression of myelin-specific genes. They also suggest a simple model by which switching of integrin beta subunits might regulate differentiation. As chimeric beta 1 integrins with a beta 5 cytoplasmic domain support proliferation less well than normal beta 1 integrins (Pasqualini and Hemler (1994), J. Cell Biol. 125, 447–460) the switch from alpha v beta 1 to alpha v beta 5 might play a key instructive role in the cessation of proliferation and subsequent differentiation.

scholarly journals The laminin-binding activity of the alpha 7 integrin receptor is defined by developmentally regulated splicing in the extracellular domain.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Ziober ◽  
Y Chen ◽  
R H Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Extracellular Domain ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Beta 1 Integrin ◽  
Alpha 7 ◽  
A Site ◽  
Laminin Binding

The expression pattern of the laminin-binding alpha 7 beta 1 integrin is developmentally regulated in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. The X1/X2 alternative splicing in the extracellular domain of alpha 7 is found in the variable region between conserved alpha-chain homology repeat domains III and IV, a site implicated in ligand binding. To assess differences in X1/X2 isoform activity, we generated MCF-7 cell lines transfected with alpha 7-X1/X2 cDNAs. Transfectants expressing the alpha 7-X2 variant adhered rapidly to laminin 1, whereas those expressing alpha 7-X1 failed to attach. That alpha 7-X1 exists in an inactive state was established in assays using an activating beta 1 antibody that induced X1-dependent cell adhesion and spreading. Furthermore, the activation of alpha 7-X1 was cell type specific, and when expressed in HT1080 cells, the integrin was converted into a fully functional receptor capable of promoting adhesion. Thus, the expression of the alpha 7-X1/X2 integrin is a novel mechanism that regulates receptor affinity states in a cell-specific context and may modulate integrin-dependent events during muscle development and repair.

Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) FoxD1 and its regulation on the expression of myogenic regulatory factor, MyoD

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
Xungang Tan ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Pei-Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Myod Expression ◽  
Adaxial Cells

AbstractIt has been reported that FoxD1 plays important roles in formation of several different tissues, such as retina and kidney in vertebrates. The function of FoxD1 in muscle development is, however, unclear although it is expressed in muscle cells in zebrafish. Muscles are the major tissue in fish, which serves as a rich protein source in our diet. To further understand the function of FoxD1 in fish muscle development, here we isolated and characterized the FoxD1 gene from flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), a valuable sea food and an important fish species in aquaculture in Asia. We analyzed its expression pattern and function in regulating myogenic regulatory factor, MyoD, one of the earliest marker of myogenic commitment. In situ hybridization revealed that FoxD1 was expressed in the tailbud, adaxial cells, posterior intestine, forebrain, midbrain and half of the retina in flounder embryos. Functional studies demonstrated that when flounder FoxD1 was over-expressed in zebrafish by microinjection, MyoD expression was decreased, suggesting that FoxD1 may be involved in myogenesis by regulating the expression of MyoD.

scholarly journals Muscle development: Forming the head and trunk muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Ping Shih ◽  
Michael K. Gross ◽  
Chrissa Kioussi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Trunk Muscles

scholarly journals Expression of Progenitor Cell Markers in the Glial-Like Cells of Epiretinal Membranes of Different Origins

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohe Yan ◽  
Pål Andresen ◽  
Xhevat Lumi ◽  
Qingshan Chen ◽  
Goran Petrovski
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Pax2 Expression

Purpose. To investigate the expression of progenitor cell markers (Sox2, Nestin, and Pax2) in idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) and nonidiopathic epiretinal membranes (niERMs) in relation to glial cell marker expression. Methods. ERMs were obtained from patients with iERMs and niERMs of different origins: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and uveitis. The membranes were studied by flat-mount or sectional immunohistochemistry for expression of progenitor cell markers as well as glial (GFAP) and proliferation (Ki-67) markers. Results. Cells in the ERMs express strong GFAP, with strong Pax2 expression in the cell nuclei. Some of the GFAP-positive glial cells in all epiretinal membrane types colocalized with Sox2, Pax2, and Nestin. NiERMs are much more cellular than iERMs. Glial cells are more densely packed in all analyzed niERMs, whereas glial cells with long branches are found in the internal limiting membrane parts and the iERMs, which appear to form a local network by their processes. Conclusion. The GFAP-positive glial cells in ERMs are not pure glial cells, and some of them express progenitor cell markers, which indicate that these cells may have potential for self-renewal and differentiation into more glial or neuroglial type of cells.

scholarly journals COUP-TFII in Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Polvani ◽  
Sara Pepe ◽  
Stefano Milani ◽  
Andrea Galli
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Natural Ligand ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Expression And Activity

The nuclear receptors (NRs) belong to a vast family of evolutionary conserved proteins acting as ligand-activated transcription factors. Functionally, NRs are essential in embryogenesis and organogenesis and in adulthood they are involved in almost every physiological and pathological process. Our knowledge of NRs action has greatly improved in recent years, demonstrating that both their expression and activity are tightly regulated by a network of signaling pathways, miRNA and reciprocal interactions. The Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII, NR2F2) is a NR classified as an orphan due to the lack of a known natural ligand. Although its expression peaks during development, and then decreases considerably, in adult tissues, COUP-TFII is an important regulator of differentiation and it is variably implicated in tissues homeostasis. As such, alterations of its expression or its transcriptional activity have been studied and linked to a spectrum of diseases in organs and tissues of different origins. Indeed, an altered COUP-TFII expression and activity may cause infertility, abnormality in the vascular system and metabolic diseases like diabetes. Moreover, COUP-TFII is actively investigated in cancer research but its role in tumor progression is yet to be fully understood. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of COUP-TFII in healthy and pathological conditions, proposing an updated and critical view of the many functions of this NR.

MyoD expression marks the onset of skeletal myogenesis in Myf-5 mutant mice

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 3083-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Braun ◽  
E. Bober ◽  
M.A. Rudnicki ◽  
R. Jaenisch ◽  
H.H. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Contractile Proteins ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Myogenic Factor ◽  
Myod Gene ◽  
Muscle Precursor Cells ◽  
Myod Expression

The expression pattern of myogenic regulatory factors and myotome-specific contractile proteins was studied during embryonic development of Myf-5 mutant mice by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In contrast to somites in wild-type embryos, no expression of myogenin and Myf-6 (MRF4), or any other myotomal markers was detected in mutant animals at E9.0 and E10.0 indicating that Myf-5 plays a crucial role during this developmental period. Significantly, the onset of MyoD expression in rostral somites of E10.5 embryos was unaffected by the Myf-5 mutation suggesting that the activation of the MyoD gene occurs independently of Myf-5 at the correct developmental time. Immediately after the activation of MyoD myogenin transcripts and protein accumulated within the myotome. The first contractile proteins of the sarcomeric apparatus appeared slightly later. By E11.5 the expression of muscle markers were indistinguishable between wild-type and Myf-5 mutant mice. The migration of muscle precursor cells that leave the somites to form limb musculature was monitored in Myf-5-mutant mice by Pax-3 expression. Pax-3-positive cells were equally found in somites and limbs of E10.0 wild-type and mutant mice indicating that myogenic factor expression at the level of somites is not a prerequisite for determination and subsequent migration of limb precursor cells.

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