Larval optic nerve and adult extra-retinal photoreceptors sequentially associate with clock neurons during Drosophila brain development

The visual system is one of the input pathways for light into the circadian clock of the Drosophila brain. In particular, extra-retinal visual structures have been proposed to play a role in both larval and adult circadian photoreception. We have analyzed the interactions between extra-retinal structures of the visual system and the clock neurons during brain development. We first show that the larval optic nerve, or Bolwig nerve, already contacts clock cells (the lateral neurons) in the embryonic brain. Analysis of visual system-defective genotypes showed that the absence of the afferent Bolwig nerve resulted in a severe reduction of the lateral neurons dendritic arborization, and that the inhibition of nerve activity induced alterations of the dendritic morphology. During wild-type development, the loss of a functional Bolwig nerve in the early pupa was also accompanied by remodeling of the arborization of the lateral neurons. Approximately 1.5 days later, visual fibers that came from the Hofbauer-Buchner eyelet, a putative photoreceptive organ for the adult circadian clock, were seen contacting the lateral neurons. Both types of extra-retinal photoreceptors expressed rhodopsins RH5 and RH6, as well as the norpA-encoded phospholipase C. These data strongly suggest a role for RH5 and RH6, as well as NORPA, signaling in both larval and adult extra-retinal circadian photoreception. The Hofbauer-Buchner eyelet therefore does not appear to account for the previously described norpA-independent light input to the adult clock. This supports the existence of yet uncharacterized photoreceptive structures in Drosophila.

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Novel Combinatory Approaches to Repair Visual System after Optic Nerve Damage

10.21236/ada621022 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin K. Park

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Visual System ◽

Nerve Damage ◽

Optic Nerve Damage

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[3H]nicotine binding sites are associated with mammalian optic nerve terminals

Visual Neuroscience ◽

10.1017/s0952523800001504 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Glen T. Prusky ◽

Max S. Cynader

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Visual System ◽

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Acetylcholine Receptors ◽

Optic Tract ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Nerve Terminals ◽

Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽

Retinotectal Transmission

AbstractThe autoradiographic distribution of [3H]nicotine binding sites was examined in the superior colliculus in normal rats and cats, and in animals in which one or both eyes were removed. [3H]Nicotine binding sites in normal animals were densely concentrated in the superficial layers of the colliculus corresponding to the zone of termination of optic nerve fibers. Following bilateral enucleation, [3H]nicotine binding in the superficial collicular layers was drastically reduced. Unilateral enucleation markedly reduced [3H]nicotine binding sites in the colliculus contralateral to the removed eye, with little effect on the ipsilateral colliculus. These results provide further evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a presynaptic location on optic tract terminals and may therefore modulate retinotectal transmission in both the rat and cat visual system.

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Visual system pathology caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; loss of pupillary reflex, retinal and optic nerve degeneration, and the role of light toxicity.

10.22215/etd/2000-04639 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

William Stevens

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Visual System ◽

Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽

Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽

Nerve Degeneration ◽

Pupillary Reflex ◽

Light Toxicity ◽

Role Of Light ◽

Optic Nerve Degeneration

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Light input and processing in the circadian clock ofNeurospora

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.050 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 585 (10) ◽

pp. 1467-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Tobias Schafmeier ◽

Axel C.R. Diernfellner

Keyword(s):

Circadian Clock ◽

Light Input

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Circadian Rhythm of Output from Neurones in the Eye of Aplysia: III. Effects of Light on Clock and Receptor Output Measured in the Optic Nerve

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.70.1.183 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 183-194

Author(s):

JACK A. BENSON ◽

JON W. JACKLET

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Circadian Clock ◽

Light Pulse ◽

Temperature Sensitivity ◽

Phase Point ◽

Light Onset ◽

Constant Illumination ◽

Light Pulses ◽

East West

1. The circadian rhythm of CAP frequency recorded from the optic nerve of isolated eyes at 15 °C was damped out by constant illumination (1100 lux) after several cycles of the rhythm. During illumination (LL) the rhythm was skewed with a rapid rising phase and slow falling phase, and the period was decreased by about 1 h. It is postulated that the circadian clock was stopped by LL at its lowest phase point, and that following cessation of LL, the rhythm was reinitiated from this phase point after a latency of 6-8 h. 2. For light pulses of 80 lux and 1100 lux, the photoresponse of the dark-adapted eye to 20 min light pulses applied beginning at 2 h intervals was not influenced by the circadian clock. At 5 lux there was a periodicity in the magnitude of the photoresponse, in phase with the circadian rhythm of spontaneous CAP production. 3. Small CAPs of non-circadian frequency were recorded together with normal CAPs in about 10% of records of output from isolated eyes. The cells producing the small CAPs had a different temperature sensitivity from those producing normal CAPs. The response of these cells to short light pulses consisted of a phasic burst of activity at light onset, followed by silence during the remainder of the short light pulse, and for 1 or 2 min following cessation of illumination. These small CAPs may be the activity either of H-type receptors or of secondary cells desynchronized from the major population. Note: Laboratory of Sensory Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A.

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Functional Regeneration of the Visual System in Teleosts. Comparative Investigations after Optic Nerve Crush and Damage of the Retina

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1982-11-1229 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 37 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1274-1280 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Roland Kästner ◽

Hartwig Wolburg

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Visual System ◽

Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽

Growth Zone ◽

Optic Nerve Crush ◽

Visual Recovery ◽

Atpase Inhibitor ◽

Nerve Crush ◽

Functional Regeneration ◽

The Moment

Abstract Goldfish and carp are shown to be capable of functional reconstitution of the visual system, although their neural retina except of the marginal growth zone at the ora serrata was completely destroyed by injection of the Na-K-ATPase inhibitor ouabain. This was demonstrated by the observation of the recovery of the optokinetic nystagmus after dam age of the retina. Recovery of vision coincides well with the morphological reconstitution of the visual system. The regenerated axons within the optic nerve are still unmyelinated at the moment of visual recovery, whereas some fibers within the stratum opticum pars profunda of the corresponding optic tectum are already myelinated. The recovery of vision after regeneration of the retina was com pared with the recovery of vision after crush of the optic nerve. The range of time needed for visual recovery was smaller and better reproducible after crush than after dam age o f the retina.

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A neurodevelopmental origin of behavioral individuality in the Drosophila visual system

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aaw7182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 367 (6482) ◽

pp. 1112-1119 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Gerit Arne Linneweber ◽

Maheva Andriatsilavo ◽

Suchetana Bias Dutta ◽

Mercedes Bengochea ◽

Liz Hellbruegge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Visual System ◽

Brain Development ◽

Interindividual Variation ◽

Visual Object ◽

Stochastic Variation ◽

Behavioral Variation ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior

The genome versus experience dichotomy has dominated understanding of behavioral individuality. By contrast, the role of nonheritable noise during brain development in behavioral variation is understudied. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we demonstrate a link between stochastic variation in brain wiring and behavioral individuality. A visual system circuit called the dorsal cluster neurons (DCN) shows nonheritable, interindividual variation in right/left wiring asymmetry and controls object orientation in freely walking flies. We show that DCN wiring asymmetry instructs an individual’s object responses: The greater the asymmetry, the better the individual orients toward a visual object. Silencing DCNs abolishes correlations between anatomy and behavior, whereas inducing DCN asymmetry suffices to improve object responses.

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