The numerical simulation of the generation of lower-band VLF chorus using a quasi-broadband Vlasov Hybrid Simulation code

In this paper, we perform the numerical modelling of lower-band VLF chorus in the earth’s magnetosphere. Assuming parallel propagation the 1d3v code has one spatial dimension z along the ambient magnetic field, which has a parabolic z dependence about the equator. The method used is Vlasov Hybrid Simulation (VHS) also known in the literature as the method of Kinetic Phase Point Trajectories (Nunn in Computer Physics Comms 60:1–25, 1990, J Computational Phys 108(1):180–196, 1993; Kazeminezhad et al. in Phys Rev E67:026704, 2003). The method is straightforward and easy to program, and robust against distribution function filamentation. Importantly, VHS does not invoke unphysical smoothing of the distribution function. Previous versions of the VLF/VHS code had a narrow bandwidth ~ 100 Hz, which enabled simulation of a wide variety of discrete triggered emissions. The present quasi-broadband VHS code has a bandwidth of ~ 3000 Hz, which is far more realistic for the simulation of chorus in its entirety. Further, the quasi-broadband code does not require artificial saturation, and does not need to employ matched filtering to accommodate large spatial frequency gradients. The aim of this paper which has been achieved is to produce VLF chorus Vlasov simulations employing a systematic variety of triggering input signals, namely key down, single pulse, PLHR, and broadband hiss. Graphical Abstract

INTERNAL QUALITIES OF EGG(S) OF LAYING BIRDS FED DIETS CONTAINING VERNONIAAMYGDALINALEAF (BITTER LEAF) MEAL AT DIFFERENT GROWING PHASES

One hundred and twenty eight Isa-Brown pullet chicks were used for this study to determine the internal qualities of egg(s) from birds fed diets containing Vernoniaamygdalina leaf meals at different growing phases. The leaves used were air-dried, crushed and milled, and was then incorporated into the experimental treatments (T2, T3, and T4) at 2% inclusion each. The birds were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and each treatment was replicated four times with each replicate having 8 birds from the chick phase to the growing phase, thereafter 6 birds per replicate were randomly picked at the laying phase (point of cage), with T1 serving as the control treatment throughout the experimental period of 39weeks. The parameters measured include egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, shell height, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk width, albumin length, albumin height, albumin weight, while yolk index and Haugh unit were calculated. The result of the experiment showed that T3 with 2% inclusion of Vernoniaamygdalinafrom the growing phase had the best shell thickness, yolk color and acceptable value for Haugh unit. Other parameters measured showed that yolk weight, and Haugh unit were significant at (p<0.05) with 2% inclusion of Vernoniaamygdalina. Every other parameter measured showed no significant difference across the treatments at (p>0.05). The result showed that 2% inclusion of Vernoniaamygdalinaleaf meal at the growing phase of the experiment improved the internal qualities of eggs.

Leukemia Stem Cells as a Potential Target to Achieve Therapy-Free Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs, also known as leukemia-initiating cells) not only drive leukemia initiation and progression, but also contribute to drug resistance and/or disease relapse. Therefore, eradication of every last LSC is critical for a patient’s long-term cure. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder that arises from multipotent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved long-term outcomes and quality of life for patients with CML in the chronic phase. Point mutations of the kinase domain of BCR-ABL1 lead to TKI resistance through a reduction in drug binding, and as a result, several new generations of TKIs have been introduced to the clinic. Some patients develop TKI resistance without known mutations, however, and the presence of LSCs is believed to be at least partially associated with resistance development and CML relapse. We previously proposed targeting quiescent LSCs as a therapeutic approach to CML, and a number of potential strategies for targeting insensitive LSCs have been presented over the last decade. The identification of specific markers distinguishing CML-LSCs from healthy HSCs, and the potential contributions of the bone marrow microenvironment to CML pathogenesis, have also been explored. Nonetheless, 25% of CML patients are still expected to switch TKIs at least once, and various TKI discontinuation studies have shown a wide range in the incidence of molecular relapse (from 30% to 60%). In this review, we revisit the current knowledge regarding the role(s) of LSCs in CML leukemogenesis and response to pharmacological treatment and explore how durable treatment-free remission may be achieved and maintained after discontinuing TKI treatment.

The Numerical Simulation of the Generation of Lower Band VLF Chorus Using a Quasi-Broadband Vlasov Hybrid Simulation Code

In this paper we perform the numerical modelling of lower band VLF chorus in the earth’s magnetosphere. Assuming parallel propagation the 1d3v code has one spatial dimension z along the ambient magnetic field, which has a parabolic z dependence about the equator. The method used is Vlasov Hybrid Simulation (VHS) also known in the literature as the method of Kinetic Phase Point Trajectories (Nunn 1990,1993; Kazeminezhad et al. 2003). The method is straightforward and easy to program, and robust against distribution function filamentation. Importantly VHS does not invoke unphysical smoothing of the distribution function. Previous versions of the VLF/VHS code had a narrow bandwidth ~100Hz, which enabled simulation of a wide variety of discrete triggered emissions. The present quasi-broadband VHS code has a bandwidth of ~3000Hz, which is far more realistic for the simulation of chorus in its entirety. Further the quasi-broadband code does not require artificial saturation, and does not need to employ matched filtering to accommodate large spatial frequency gradients. The aim of this paper which has been achieved is to produce VLF chorus Vlasov simulations employing a systematic variety of triggering input signals, namely key down, single pulse, PLHR, and broadband hiss.

An Analysis of Financial Management of Electricity Company in Kota, Rajasthan

On 19th July 2000, Government of Rajasthan issued a gazette notification by which Rajasthan State Electricity Board (RSEB) was unbundled into new entities based on functional specialization. RSEB was unbundled into five new entities out of which Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd., (RVPN) is constituted as transmission company. Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd (RVPN) was discharging wheeling of power and electricity transmission only. The Transmission Company operates all the 765 kV, 400kV, 220 kV and 132 kV electricity lines and system in the State. Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd (RVPN) deliver power from the location of generation to inter-phase point of Discoms so as to enable them to supply where it is needed either in the homes or in businesses they serve. The main important objective of the RVPN is to provide reliable electric transmission service to the customers. Being infrastructure of RVPN it serves as the link in transporting electricity to millions of electricity users as a public utility. RVPN is a Government Company and its Authorized Share Capital is Rs. 7000 crore and paid up capital is Rs.4441.04 as on 31.13.2019. RVPN is a State Power Transmission Utility, wholly owned by the Government of Rajasthan which undertakes activities relating to transmission of power and management of load dispatch in the state of Rajasthan. This study analysis the capital structure and financial performance of Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd (RVPN) of the last three years 2016-17 to 2018-19. The required data were collected from the secondary source i.e. audited final accounts of RRVPNLTD. This research paper was an effort to identify its financial strength and weakness with the help of various financial analysis tools and techniques.

Focus Improvement of Airborne High-Squint Bistatic SAR Data Using Modified Azimuth NLCS Algorithm Based on Lagrange Inversion Theorem

In this paper, a modified azimuth nonlinear chirp scaling (NLCS) algorithm is derived for high-squint bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) imaging to solve its inherent difficult issues, including the large range cell migration (RCM), azimuth-dependent Doppler parameters, and the sensibility of the higher order terms. First, using the Lagrange inversion theorem, an accurate spectrum suitable for processing airborne high-squint BiSAR data is introduced. Different from the spectrum that is based on the method of series reversion (MSR), it is allowed to derive the bistatic stationary phase point while retaining the double square root (DSR) of the slant range history. Based the spectrum, a linear RCM correction is used to remove the most of the linear RCM components and mitigate the range-azimuth coupling, and, then, bulk secondary range compression is implemented to compensate the residual RCM and cross-coupling terms. Following this, a modified azimuth NLCS operation is applied to eliminate the azimuth-dependence of Doppler parameters and equalize the azimuth frequency modulation for azimuth compression. The experimental results, with better focusing performance, prove the high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator Strategies for Improving Consumer Performance of Container-grown Petunia

The overall goal was to evaluate fertilizer options for greenhouse producers, with or without a plant growth regulator (PGR) application, to improve subsequent performance of container-grown annuals. Petunia (Petunia × hybrida) was the model container-grown crop in simulated production and consumer environments. The first experiment at two locations (New Hampshire and Florida) compared strategies using water-soluble fertilizer [WSF (17N–1.8P–14.1K)], controlled-release fertilizers (CRF), and slow-release fertilizers (SRF) that were either applied throughout or at the end of the 8-week production phase [point of shipping (POS)] for petunia rooted cuttings grown in 8-inch azalea containers. In the subsequent simulated “consumer” phase, container plants were irrigated with clear water (no fertilizer) for 6 weeks. Plant performance [number of flowers, SPAD chlorophyll index, dry weight, and tissue nitrogen (N)] at the end of the consumer phase was improved by top-dressing at POS with either CRF or granular organic fertilizer (both at 2.74 g/container N), or preplant incorporation of either a typical CRF at 4.12 g/container N or a CRF with an additional prill coating to delay initial release (DCT) at 2.74 g/container. There was no carry-over benefit from applying a liquid urea-chain product (1.37 or 2.74 g/container N) or top dressing with granular methylene di-urea (2.74 g/container N), or 400 mg·L–1 N (0.2 g/container N) from a liquid organic fertilizer at POS. The consumer benefit of applying 400 mg·L–1 N (0.2 g/container N) from a WSF at POS was increased by supplementing with 235 mg·L–1 magnesium (Mg) and 10 mg·L–1 iron (Fe). A second experiment in 10-inch-diameter pots evaluated the effect on consumer performance from providing 200 or 400 mg·L–1 N of WSF with the PGR paclobutrazol, at the final 1 L/pot irrigation at POS. Application of 3 mg·L–1 paclobutrazol delayed leaf yellowing and reduced plant height, width, and shoot dry weight during the consumer phase, resulting in a more compact growth habit and higher plant quality compared with plants that received no PGR, regardless of WSF treatment. Addition of supplemental 235 mg·L–1 Mg and 10 mg·L–1 Fe to the high rate of WSF and PGR did not improve consumer performance compared with other treatments that included a PGR. Overall, the first experiment demonstrated that the most effective fertilizer strategies require a CRF or SRF that will release nutrients throughout the consumer phase, and that impact of liquid fertilizer options is limited because of lower N supply per container. A single application at POS of a high rate of WSF with supplemental Mg and Fe may have short-term benefits, for example while plants are in a retail environment. Growers should consider combining a residual fertilizer with a PGR application for premium, value-added container annuals.