scholarly journals Organ-specific genetic interactions between paralogues of the PXY and ER receptor kinases enforce radial patterning in Arabidopsis vascular tissue

Development ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. dev177105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Kristine S. Bagdassarian ◽  
Rebecca E. Doherty ◽  
Johannes T. Kroon ◽  
Katherine A. Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Radial Patterning ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Organ Specific

scholarly journals Paralogues of the PXY and ER receptor kinases enforce radial patterning in plant vascular tissue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Kristine S. Bagdassarian ◽  
Rebecca E. Doherty ◽  
Xiao Y. Wang ◽  
Johannes T. Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Radial Patterning ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Cell Layers

AbstractPlant cell walls do not allow cells to migrate, thus plant growth and development is entirely the consequence of changes to cell division and cell elongation. Where tissues are arranged in concentric rings, expansion of inner tissue, such as that which occurs during vascular development, must be coordinated with cell division and/or expansion of the outer tissue layers, endodermis, cortex, and epidermis, in order for tissue integrity to be maintained. Little is known of how coordination between cell layers occurs, but non-cell autonomous signalling could provide an explanation. Endodermis-derived EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) ligands have been shown to signal to the ERECTA (ER) receptor kinase present in the phloem. ER interacts with PHLOEM INTERCALLATED WITH XYLEM (PXY), a receptor present in the procambium. The PXY ligand, TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF) is derived from CLE41 which is expressed in the phloem. These factors therefore represent a mechanism by which intertissue signalling could occur to control radial expansion between vascular and non-vascular tissue in plant stems. Here we show that ER regulates expression of PXY paralogues, PXL1 and PXL2, and that in turn PXY, PXL1 and PXL2 together with ER, regulate the expression of ERL1 and ERL2, genes paralogous to ER. PXY, PXL1, PXL2 and ER also regulate the expression of ER-ligands. Genetic analysis of these six receptor kinase genes demonstrated that they are required to control organisation, proliferation and cell size across multiple tissue layers. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate that ER signalling attenuates PXL expression in the stem, thus influencing vascular expansion and patterning. We anticipate that similar regulatory relationships, where tissue growth is controlled via cell signals moving across different tissue layers, will coordinate tissue layer expansion throughout the plant body.

scholarly journals Boron Deficiency Effects on Sugar, Ionome, and Phytohormone Profiles of Vascular and Non-Vascular Leaf Tissues of Common Plantain (Plantago major L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Pommerrenig ◽  
Kai Eggert ◽  
Gerd P. Bienert
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific

Vascular tissues essentially regulate water, nutrient, photo-assimilate, and phytohormone logistics throughout the plant body. Boron (B) is crucial for the development of the vascular tissue in many dicotyledonous plant taxa and B deficiency particularly affects the integrity of phloem and xylem vessels, and, therefore, functionality of long-distance transport. We hypothesize that changes in the plants’ B nutritional status evoke differential responses of the vasculature and the mesophyll. However, direct analyses of the vasculature in response to B deficiency are lacking, due to the experimental inaccessibility of this tissue. Here, we generated biochemical and physiological understanding of B deficiency response reactions in common plantain (Plantago major L.), from which pure and intact vascular bundles can be extracted. Low soil B concentrations affected quantitative distribution patterns of various phytohormones, sugars and macro-, and micronutrients in a tissue-specific manner. Vascular sucrose levels dropped, and sucrose loading into the phloem was reduced under low B supply. Phytohormones responded selectively to B deprivation. While concentrations of abscisic acid and salicylic acid decreased at low B supply, cytokinins and brassinosteroids increased in the vasculature and the mesophyll, respectively. Our results highlight the biological necessity to analyze nutrient deficiency responses in a tissue- rather organ-specific manner.

Elemental Analysis of Phloem Tissue in Lemna Minor Root Tips

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin ◽  
Thomas Hayes ◽  
Clifford Lai ◽  
Greg Hook
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Companion Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Xylem Element

Studies (1—4) have shown that it is possible to distinguish different stages of phloem tissue differentiation in the developing roots of Lemna minor by examination in the transmission, scanning, and optical microscopes. A disorganized meristem, immediately behind the root-cap, gives rise to the vascular tissue, which consists of single central xylem element surrounded by a ring of phloem parenchyma cells. This ring of cells is first seen at the 4-5 cell stage, but increases to as many as 11 cells by repeated radial anticlinal divisions. At some point, usually at or shortly after the 8 cell stage, two phloem parenchyma cells located opposite each other on the ring of cells, undergo an unsynchronized, periclinal division to give rise to the sieve element and companion cell. Because of the limited number of cells involved, this developmental sequence offers a relatively simple system in which some of the factors underlying cell division and differentiation may be investigated, including the distribution of diffusible low atomic weight elements within individual cells of the phloem tissue.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

1329: Identification of Candidate Stromal Mesenchyme Cell Genes Associated With the Organ-Specific Differentiation of Epithelial

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
Young Ah Goo ◽  
Eugene Yi ◽  
Carrie M. Sorensen ◽  
Leroy E. Hood ◽  
Alvin Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Differentiation ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Mesenchyme Cell

Fas–FasL interactions: a common pathogenetic mechanism in organ-specific autoimmunity

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R De Maria
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenetic Mechanism ◽  
Organ Specific

Vascular tissue engineering: Biomechanical studies on autologeous small-calibred vessels

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kallenbach ◽  
J Heine ◽  
E Lefik ◽  
S Cebotari ◽  
A Lichtenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering
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