Dissociation and Reaggregation of Embryonic cells of Triturus alpestris

Development ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Triturus Alpestris ◽  
And Migration

Cell movement and migration seem to play an important role in the formation of tissue-patterns during embryogenesis. Phenomena such as the appearance of loosely attached cells in the mesoderm, or of the freely migrating neural crest cells, are quite common in embryonic development. Since the tissues of adult organs are mostly rather compact in structure it seems that the capacity of isolated or loosely arranged cells to reassociate is an obligatory condition for many developmental processes. This capacity, under experimental conditions, was extensively studied by Holtfreter (1947, 1948). He has shown that cells of newt blastulae and early gastrulae can be made to dissociate and can then become reaggregated and proceed with their morphogenetic development. His experiments were carried out, for the most part, either with cells prior to histogenetic determination or with determined cells of a single tissue.

scholarly journals Neural crest cell migration: requirements for exogenous fibronectin and high cell density.

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Rovasio ◽  
A Delouvee ◽  
K M Yamada ◽  
R Timpl ◽  
J P Thiery
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Crest Cell

Cells of the neural crest participate in a major class of cell migratory events during embryonic development. From indirect evidence, it has been suggested that fibronectin (FN) might be involved in these events. We have directly tested the role of FN in neural crest cell adhesion and migration using several in vitro model systems. Avian trunk neural crest cells adhered readily to purified plasma FN substrates and to extracellular matrices containing cellular FN. Their adhesion was inhibited by antibodies to a cell-binding fragment of FN. In contrast, these cells did not adhere to glass, type I collagen, or to bovine serum albumin in the absence of FN. Neural crest cell adhesion to laminin (LN) was significantly less than to FN; however, culturing of crest cells under conditions producing an epithelioid phenotype resulted in cells that could bind equally as well to LN as to FN. The migration of neural crest cells appeared to depend on both the substrate and the extent of cell interactions. Cells migrated substantially more rapidly on FN than on LN or type I collagen substrates; if provided a choice between stripes of FN and glass or LN, cells migrated preferentially on the FN. Migration was inhibited by antibodies against the cell-binding region of FN, and the inhibition could be reversed by a subsequent addition of exogenous FN. However, the migration on FN was random and displayed little persistence of direction unless cells were at high densities that permitted frequent contacts. The in vitro rate of migration of cells on FN-containing matrices was 50 microns/h, similar to their migration rates along the narrow regions of FN-containing extracellular matrix in migratory pathways in vivo. These results indicate that FN is important for neural crest cell adhesion and migration and that the high cell densities of neural crest cells in the transient, narrow migratory pathways found in the embryo are necessary for effective directional migration.

Fibronectin Combined with Stem Cell Factor Plays an Important Role in Melanocyte Proliferation, Differentiation and Migration in Cultured Mouse Neural Crest Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagako Takano ◽  
Tamihiro Kawakami ◽  
Yoko Kawa ◽  
Mari Asano ◽  
Hidenori Watabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Chick cranial neural crest cells migrate by progressively refining the polarity of their protrusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam A. Genuth ◽  
Christopher D.C. Allen ◽  
Takashi Mikawa ◽  
Orion D. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Morphological Polarity ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest Cells

SummaryIn vivo quantitative imaging reveals that chick cranial neural crest cells throughout the migratory stream are morphologically polarized and migrate by progressively refining the polarity of their protrusions.AbstractTo move directionally, cells can bias the generation of protrusions or select among randomly generated protrusions. Here we use 3D two-photon imaging of chick branchial arch 2 directed neural crest cells to probe how these mechanisms contribute to directed movement, whether a subset or the majority of cells polarize during movement, and how the different classes of protrusions relate to one another. We find that cells throughout the stream are morphologically polarized along the direction of overall stream movement and that there is a progressive sharpening of the morphological polarity program. Neural crest cells have weak spatial biases in filopodia generation and lifetime. Local bursts of filopodial generation precede the generation of larger protrusions. These larger protrusions are more spatially biased than the filopodia, and the subset of protrusions that power motility are the most polarized of all. Orientation rather than position is the best correlate of the protrusions that are selected for cell movement. This progressive polarity refinement strategy may enable neural crest cells to efficiently explore their environment and migrate accurately in the face of noisy guidance cues.

scholarly journals Early Development of The Trunk Neural Crest Cells in the Egyptian Cobra Naja H. Haje

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eraqi R. Khannoon ◽  
Christian Alvarado ◽  
Maria Elena Elena de Bellard
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

Abstract Background: Trunk neural crest cells (TNCC) are representing a model for epithelial to mesenchymal transition, this correlates the importance of studying the migration of these cells to cancer metastasis. Reptiles are unique group of animals being very morphologically diverse and their close position to synapsid leading to mammals. Recently, more publications focused on the migratory behavior of trunk NCC during embryonic development of squamates. Only one colubrid snake has been studied so far regarding the NCC migration. Results: Here we follow the migratory behavior of TNCC with HNK1 in the elapid snake Naja h. haje from early stage to 14 days postoviposition. Comparing the colubrid snake with the Egyptian cobra showed that both snakes overall follow the same TNCC migratory pathways of both birds and mammals by following the rostral and avoiding the caudal portions of the somites. Conclusions: First, TNCC intra-somitic migration as observed in turtles supports a contributing role for TNCC to scale precursors. Second, our observation of significant numbers of migrating TNCC in the intersomitic pathway suggest interesting evolutionary differences. Together, our present results of the Egyptian cobra in combination with those on a colubrid and turtle supports intersomitic TNCC as a unique reptile phenomena.

The role of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in neural crest cell migration

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 842-843
Author(s):  
Marianne Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin ◽  
Crest Cell

The formation of the embryo involves intricate cell movements, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The neural crest has long served as a model for the study of these processes because these cells: 1. migrate extensively along characteristic pathways during embryogenesis. 2. give rise to diverse and numerous derivatives, including pigment cells, adrenal chromaffin cells, and the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system; and 3. are accessible to surgical, immunological, and biochemical manipulations during both initial and certain later stages in their development. We are in the process of identifying factors that influence cell migration and differentiation in the neural crest system.Neural crest cells follow two primary migratory pathways in the trunk: a dorsolateral route underneath the skin, and a ventral route through the somite. Within the somites, neural crest cells preferentially migrate through the rostral half of each sclerotome but are absent from the caudal sclerotome. The regions through which neural crest cells migrate are lined with extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Because of the intimate relationship between neural crest cells and the surrounding matrix, it has been proposed that the ECM plays an important role in the initiation, guidance, and cessation of neural crest cell movement.

Signalling between the hindbrain and paraxial tissues dictates neural crest migration pathways

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Trainor ◽  
Dorothy Sobieszczuk ◽  
David Wilkinson ◽  
Robb Krumlauf
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Neural Crest Cell Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Crest Cell

Cranial neural crest cells are a pluripotent population of cells derived from the neural tube that migrate into the branchial arches to generate the distinctive bone, connective tissue and peripheral nervous system components characteristic of the vertebrate head. The highly conserved segmental organisation of the vertebrate hindbrain plays an important role in pattering the pathways of neural crest cell migration and in generating the distinct or separate streams of crest cells that form unique structures in each arch. We have used focal injections of DiI into the developing mouse hindbrain in combination with in vitro whole embryo culture to map the patterns of cranial neural crest cell migration into the developing branchial arches. Our results show that mouse hindbrain-derived neural crest cells migrate in three segregated streams adjacent to the even-numbered rhombomeres into the branchial arches, and each stream contains contributions of cells from three rhombomeres in a pattern very similar to that observed in the chick embryo. There are clear neural crest-free zones adjacent to r3 and r5. Furthermore, using grafting and lineage-tracing techniques in cultured mouse embryos to investigate the differential ability of odd and even-numbered segments to generate neural crest cells, we find that odd and even segments have an intrinsic ability to produce equivalent numbers of neural crest cells. This implies that inter-rhombomeric signalling is less important than combinatorial interactions between the hindbrain and the adjacent arch environment in specific regions, in the process of restricting the generation and migration of neural crest cells. This creates crest-free territories and suggests that tissue interactions established during development and patterning of the branchial arches may set up signals that the neural plate is primed to interpret during the progressive events leading to the delamination and migration of neural crest cells. Using interspecies grafting experiments between mouse and chick embryos, we have shown that this process forms part of a conserved mechanism for generating neural crest-free zones and contributing to the separation of migrating crest populations with distinct Hox expression during vertebrate head development.

Expression of Schwann cell markers by mammalian neural crest cells in vitro

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Smith-Thomas ◽  
J.W. Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Cell Markers

During embryonic development, neural crest cells differentiate into a wide variety of cell types including Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. In order to establish when neural crest cells first start to express a Schwann cell phenotype immunocytochemical techniques were used to examine rat premigratory neural crest cell cultures for the presence of Schwann cell markers. Cultures were fixed for immunocytochemistry after culture periods ranging from 1 to 24 days. Neural crest cells were identified by their morphology and any neural tube cells remaining in the cultures were identified by their epithelial morphology and immunocytochemically. As early as 1 to 2 days in culture, approximately one third of the neural crest cells stained with m217c, a monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the same antigen as rat neural antigen-1 (RAN-1). A similar proportion of cells were immunoreactive in cultures stained with 192-IgG, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the rat nerve growth factor receptor. The number of immunoreactive cells increased with time in culture. After 16 days in culture, nests of cells, many of which had a bipolar morphology, were present in the area previously occupied by neural crest cells. The cells in the nests were often associated with neurons and were immunoreactive for m217c, 192-IgG and antibody to S-100 protein and laminin, indicating that the cells were Schwann cells. At all culture periods examined, neural crest cells did not express glial fibrillary acidic protein. These results demonstrate that cultured premigratory neural crest cells express early Schwann cell markers and that some of these cells differentiate into Schwann cells. These observations suggest that some neural crest cells in vivo may be committed to forming Schwann cells and will do so provided that they then proceed to encounter the correct environmental cues during embryonic development.

scholarly journals Misexpression of BRE gene in the developing chick neural tube affects neurulation and somitogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
John Yeuk-Hon Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

This is the first study of the role of BRE in embryonic development using early chick embryos. BRE is expressed in the developing neural tube, neural crest cells, and somites. BRE thus plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and indirectly somitogenesis during early chick embryo development.

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