Neural induction: embryonic determination elicits full expression of specific neuronal traits

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 167-183
Author(s):  
A. M. Duprat ◽  
P. Kan ◽  
L. Gualandris ◽  
F. Foulquier ◽  
J. Marty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Induction ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
Toxin Binding ◽  
Neurofilament Polypeptides ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
High Degree

In Pleurodeles waltl, the early neuronal differentiation of precursor cells from late gastrula stage has been studied by culture in vitro from either isolated neural plate (NP) or isolated neural fold (NF). The aim of this study was to delineate the information acquired by ectodermal target cells during neural induction. By culturing these cells in vitro either with or without the underlying chordamesoderm, we showed that in the absence of chordamesodermal influence such NP or NF cells exhibited a high degree of biochemical and morphological differentiation as revealed by the synthesis and the storage of neurotransmitters, the activity of specific enzymes, as well as by the expression of neuronal markers: specific changes in cell surface carbohydrates, tetanus toxin binding sites and neurofilament polypeptides. Remarkable changes in the cell adhesive properties were the first events observed in the different central (NP) and peripheral (NF) types. In cocultures the chordamesodermal cells exert a beneficial influence on this differentiation, specially increasing acetylcholine synthesis. There are some differences between central (NP) or peripheral (NF) neuroblast response to this further notochord or mesodermal influence.

In vitro differentiation of neuronal precursor cells from amphibian late gastrulae: morphological, immunocytochemical studies, biosynthesis, accumulation and uptake of neurotransmitters

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Duprat ◽  
Paulette Kan ◽  
Françoise Foulquier ◽  
Michel Weber
Keyword(s):  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Acetylcholine Synthesis ◽  
Toxin Binding ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Precursors ◽  
Neurofilament Polypeptides ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Neurula Stage

Neuronal differentiation has been studied in dissociated cell cultures from early neurulae of Pleurodeles waltl and Ambystoma mexicanum. Cocultures were prepared from the neural primordium and underlying chordamesoderm. NP and NF cultures were prepared from isolated neural plate and neural folds, respectively. Neuronal precursors in NP and NF cultures had distinctive aggregation properties already evident after 1–2 days in culture. After 10–15 days, mature neurones and synapses were observed by electron microscopy in the three culture types. The expression of neurofilament polypeptides and tetanus-toxin-binding sites was also present in these cultures. A small percentage of neurones contained cytochemically detectable catecholamine. Many neurones took up tritiated dopamine with a high affinity. Quantitative measurement of [3H]acetylcholine synthesis and storage from [3H]choline were negative at the early neurula stage and in 5 to 15-day-old NF cultures, and remained low in 5 to 15-day-old NP cultures. Acetylcholine production in cocultures increased linearly with time and was always much higher than in NP cultures. These results suggest that, at the early neurula stage, some neuronal precursors have acquired the capacity to express a high degree of morphological and biochemical differentiation even in the absence of further chordamesoderm influence. However, the chordamesodermal cells in the cultures increased acetylcholine synthesis.

Neural induction and the structure of the target cell surface

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
A. M. Duprat ◽  
L. Gualandris ◽  
P. Rouge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl

Lectins (SBA and PSA) were used to provoke crowding and structural modifications of the presumptive ectoderm cell surface in order to investigate the role of the membrane organization of the competent target cells in neural induction. Are specific characteristics of the cell surface essential for this phenomenon to occur? From amphibian gastrulae, it is possible to obtain neural induction in vitro by association of presumptive ectoderm (target cells) with chordamesoderm (inductor tissue): 4 h of contact is sufficient in Pleurodeles waltl for transmission of the inductive signal. Very quickly, the treatment of the normal ectoderm by lectins (SBA-FITC or PSA-FITC) provoked surface modifications. Lectin-treatment (50 µg ml1−, 30 min) of presumptive ectoderm did not result in any neural induction. Lectin-treatment (50 µg ml1−, 30 min) of presumptive ectoderm previous to its association with the natural inductor for 4 h, disturbed the phenomenon: no induction. Similar treatment followed by association with the inductor for 24 h: induction. Treatment of SBA or PSA with their respective hapten inhibitors prior to addition to ectodermal cells completely blocked the suppressive effects on induction. The structural integrity of the membrane of competent target cells is necessary for neural induction to occur. The cell membrane could thus play, directly or indirectly, an active role in the specificity of this process

Membrane changes in neural target cells studied with fluorescent lectin probes

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
L. Gualandris ◽  
P. Rougé ◽  
A. M. Duprat
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Molecular Arrangement ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl

The competent ectoderm of Pleurodeles waltl comprises two cell layers with characteristic differences in their morphology, their composition and the molecular arrangement of the various constituents. The use of labelled lectin probes for observations of ectoderm tissue in vitro with u.v. microscopy (epi-illumination) and the quantification of the results show the following:- 1) Differences in labelling according to the nature of the lectins (SB A, PSA, LCA and Con A). These differences provide information on the nature of the carbohydrates which are present at this stage and on the number of receptors. 2) Differences in fluorescence intensity of the surfaces studied. The internal surface of the ectoderm is labelled more densely than the external surface. 3) Rearrangement of the lectin receptors with a new molecular configuration, stressing the fluidity of the membrane (by the mobility of the receptors throughout the membrane) and its importance for the occurrence of neural induction. 4) Existence of membrane glycoconjugate turnover. 5) A difference in behavioural characteristics between the internal and the external surfaces with respect to the lectins and the formation of an extracellular matrix on the internal surface alone. The extracellular matrix seems to have a role in morphogenetic movements.

Expression of N-CAM precedes neural induction in Pleurodeles waltl (urodele, amphibian)

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Saint-Jeannet ◽  
F. Foulquier ◽  
C. Goridis ◽  
A.M. Duprat
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
Early Gastrula

The appearance and localization of N-CAM during neural induction were studied in Pleurodeles waltl embryos and compared with recent contradictory results reported in Xenopus laevis. A monoclonal antibody raised against mouse N-CAM was used. In the nervous system of Pleurodeles, it recognized two glycoproteins of 180 and 140×10(3) M(r) which are the Pleurodeles equivalent of N-CAM-180 and -140. Using this probe for immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, we showed that N-CAM was already expressed in presumptive ectoderm at the early gastrula stage. In late gastrula embryos, a slight increase in staining was observed in the neurectoderm, whereas the labelling persisted in the noninduced ectoderm. When induced ectodermal cells were isolated at the late gastrula stage and cultured in vitro up to 14 days, a faint polarized labelling of cells was observed initially. During differentiation, the staining increased and became progressively restricted to differentiating neurons.

scholarly journals Studies of cloned Friend erythroleukemia tumor cells. Modulation of the tumor-specific cytologic T lymphocyte response by infectious Friend virus production in vitro.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Plata ◽  
M M Goodenow ◽  
F Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cytolytic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Friend Virus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Complex Manner

The HFL/b tumor cell line, induced by Friend erythroleukemia virus in BALB.B mice, was used to study the relation between virus production or nonproduction and the antigens recognized by Friend virus-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Analysis of clones and subclones of these tumor cells revealed a high degree of heterogeneity with respect to the production and release into culture fluids of infectious Friend virus in vitro, ranging from high levels to low or undetectable levels of virus production. Although no major differences could be detected among the antibody-defined serotypes of the various clones, the susceptibility of cells of individual HFL/b clones to attack by Friend virus-specific CTL varied widely, and those clones which produced large amounts of infectious virus provided the most sensitive target cells. It was also apparent that production of infectious Friend virus was inhibitory to CTL generation in syngeneic mixed leukocyte-tumor cell cultures. Friend erythroleukemia virus-producing cells thus appeared to interact in a complex manner with the host CTL response by modulating their production of infectious Friend virus.

Neural induction and in vitro initial expression of neurofilament and tetanus toxin binding site molecules in amphibians

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Duprat ◽  
L. Gualandris ◽  
F. Foulquier ◽  
D. Paulin ◽  
B. Bizzini
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Toxin Binding

scholarly journals Role of FliC and FliD Flagellar Proteins ofClostridium difficile in Adherence and Gut Colonization

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7937-7940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Tasteyre ◽  
Marie-Claude Barc ◽  
Anne Collignon ◽  
Helene Boureau ◽  
Tuomo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Ofclostridium Difficile ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Flagellar Proteins ◽  
Mouse Cecum ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT In vitro and in vivo adhesive properties of flagella and recombinant flagellin FliC and flagellar cap FliD proteins ofClostridium difficile were analyzed. FliC, FliD, and crude flagella adhered in vitro to axenic mouse cecal mucus. Radiolabeled cultured cells bound to a high degree to FliD and weakly to flagella deposited on a membrane. The tissue association in the mouse cecum of a nonflagellated strain was 10-fold lower than that of a flagellated strain belonging to the same serogroup, confirming the role of flagella in adherence.

Expression of tenascin in response to neural induction in amphibian embryos

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Riou ◽  
D.-L. Shi ◽  
M. Chiquet ◽  
J.-C. Boucaut
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Early Gastrula

The expression of tenascin, a constituent of extracellular matrix (ECM), was studied during the embryonic development of the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. An antiserum to chick fibroblast tenascin was shown to cross-react with the homologous molecule of the amphibian. Immunostaining of embryo sections with anti-tenascin antiserum revealed that tenascin appears just after the completion of neurulation. At the tailbud stage, tenascin is present in the ECM located at sites of directed cell migration (neural crest cell migration pathways, extension of the pronephretic duct) and mesenchyme condensation (endocardium, aortic arches). The accumulation of tenascin immunoreactivity in the embryonic ECM is correlated with the synthesis of the 220×103Mr polypeptide of the molecule. To provide data on the patterning of tenascin, ectoderm and dorsal blastoporal lip isolated at early gastrula stage were cultured for a period of 3 days. Epidermal vesicles differentiating from isolated ectoderm completely lack tenascin. Conversely, axial mesoderm derivatives present in cultured dorsal blastoporal lip were found to produce tenascin. Neural induction of ectoderm isolated at early gastrula stage was performed in vitro with the dorsal blastoporal lip or concanavalin A. The induced neural tissue was found to accumulate tenascin. Spemann experiments confirmed in vivo that tenascin is expressed by ectodermal cells as a response to neural induction.

scholarly journals A monoclonal antibody directed against quail tyrosine hydroxylase: description and use in immunocytochemical studies on differentiating neural crest cells.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fauquet ◽  
C Ziller
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
Toxin Binding

Catecholamine (CA) synthesis is one of the phenotypic traits expressed by some neural crest-derived cells in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we have evidenced, in quail embryos, the expression of the first enzyme of CA metabolism, tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH), using a monoclonal antibody raised against the quail enzyme. This antibody also recognizes TOH from chick and pleurodele, but not from several mammalian species (rat, human). We have also investigated the extent to which TOH-positive cells, differentiated in neural crest cultures, express structural neuronal markers and display vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) immunoreactivity. Double-immunolabeling experiments show that, in vitro, half of the population of TOH-positive cells exhibits tetanus toxin binding sites but none of them are recognized by a neurofilament antibody. On the other hand, some TOH-positive cells contain VIP or SP. These observations suggest that under our culture conditions autonomic neural crest precursors differentiate only into immature sympathoblasts, but are able to synthesize peptides in addition to CA.

Ultrastructural Changes in Tumor Cells During Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
K. E. Muse ◽  
D. G. Fischer ◽  
H. S. Koren
Keyword(s):  
Target Cell ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity ◽  
Activated State

Mononuclear phagocytes, a pluripotential cell line, manifest an array of basic extracellular functions. Among these physiological regulatory functions is the expression of spontaneous cytolytic potential against tumor cell targets.The limited observations on human cells, almost exclusively blood monocytes, initially reported limited or a lack of tumoricidal activity in the absence of antibody. More recently, freshly obtained monocytes have been reported to spontaneously impair the biability of tumor target cells in vitro (Harowitz et al., 1979; Montavani et al., 1979; Hammerstrom, 1979). Although the mechanism by which effector cells express cytotoxicity is poorly understood, discrete steps can be distinguished in the process of cell mediated cytotoxicity: recognition and binding of effector to target cells,a lethal-hit stage, and subsequent lysis of the target cell. Other important parameters in monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity include, activated state of the monocyte, effector cell concentrations, and target cell suseptibility. However, limited information is available with regard to the ultrastructural changes accompanying monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

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