A New In Vitro Model for Predicting the Toxicity of Cosmetic Products

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Maria Carrara ◽  
Lorenzo Cima ◽  
Roberto Cerini ◽  
Maurizio Dalle Carbonare
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Cell Culture Insert ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Cosmetic Emulsions

A method has been developed whereby cosmetic products which are not soluble in water or in alcohol can be brought into contact with cell cultures by being placed in a cell culture insert, which is then placed in the cell culture well. Preliminary experiments were carried out with L929 cells, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring neutral red uptake and the total protein content of treated cultured cells. Encouraging results were obtained in comparisons of three cosmetic emulsions and of one emulsion containing a range of concentrations of two preservatives, Kathon CG and Bronopol.

SU-FF-J-104: In Vitro Model to Study the Biological Effect of Dose Gradients On a Cell Culture System

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (6Part6) ◽  
pp. 1944-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bromley ◽  
L Oliver ◽  
R Harvie ◽  
R Davey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Culture System ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Characterization of a Cell Culture System of Persistent Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Human HepaRG Hepatic Cell Line

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Marie Pellerin ◽  
Edouard Hirchaud ◽  
Yannick Blanchard ◽  
Nicole Pavio ◽  
Virginie Doceul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
Efficient Replication ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered as an emerging global health problem. In most cases, hepatitis E is a self-limiting disease and the virus is cleared spontaneously without the need of antiviral therapy. However, immunocompromised individuals can develop chronic infection and liver fibrosis that can progress rapidly to cirrhosis and liver failure. The lack of efficient and relevant cell culture system and animal models has limited our understanding of the biology of HEV and the development of effective drugs for chronic cases. In the present study, we developed a model of persistent HEV infection in human hepatocytes in which HEV replicates efficiently. This HEV cell culture system is based on differentiated HepaRG cells infected with an isolate of HEV-3 derived from a patient suffering from acute hepatitis E. Efficient replication was maintained for several weeks to several months as well as after seven successive passages on HepaRG naïve cells. Moreover, after six passages onto HepaRG, we found that the virus was still infectious after oral inoculation into pigs. We also showed that ribavirin had an inhibitory effect on HEV replication in HepaRG. In conclusion, this system represents a relevant and efficient in vitro model of HEV replication that could be useful to study HEV biology and identify effective antiviral drugs against chronic HEV infection.

IN VITRO METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIAL FUNCTIONS TO SECRETE GONADOTROPHIN

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S27-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Kigawa ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypothalamic Extract ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Single Cell Culture ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT There are several in vitro methods to analyse the function of the adenohypophysis or the mechanisms of its regulation. The present paper deals with single cell culture, organ culture and short term incubation techniques by which the morphology and gonadotrophin-secreting function of the adenohypophysis were studied. In trypsin-dispersed cell culture, the adenohypophysial cells showed extensive propagation to form numerous cell colonies and finally develop into a confluent monolayer cell sheet covering completely the surface of culture vessels. Almost all of the cultured cells, however, became chromophobic, at least at the end of the first week of cultivation, when gonadotrophin was detectable neither in the culture medium nor in the cells themselves. After the addition of the hypothalamic extract, gonadotrophin became detectable again, and basophilic or PAS-positive granules also reappeared within the cells, suggesting that the gonadotrophs were stimulated by the extract to produce gonadotrophin. In organ culture and short term incubation, the incorporation of [3H] leucine into the adenohypophysial cells in relation to the addition of hypothalamic extract was examined. It was obvious that the ability to incorporate [3H] leucine into the gonadotrophs in vitro was highly dependent upon the presence of the hypothalamic extract.

Preincubation with Sn-complexes causes intensive intracellular retention of 99mTc in thyroid cells in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wendisch ◽  
D. Aurich ◽  
R. Runge ◽  
R. Freudenberg ◽  
J. Kotzerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Radiobiological Effects ◽  
Radioactivity Retention

SummaryTechnetium radiopharmaceuticals are well established in nuclear medicine. Besides its well-known gamma radiation, 99mTc emits an average of five Auger and internal conversion electrons per decay. The biological toxicity of these low-energy, high-LET (linear energy transfer) emissions is a controversial subject. One aim of this study was to estimate in a cell model how much 99mTc can be present in exposed cells and which radiobiological effects could be estimated in 99mTc-overloaded cells. Methods: Sodium iodine symporter (NIS)- positive thyroid cells were used. 99mTc-uptake studies were performed after preincubation with a non-radioactive (cold) stannous pyro - phosphate kit solution or as a standard 99mTc pyrophosphate kit preparation or with pure pertechnetate solution. Survival curves were analyzed from colony-forming assays. Results: Preincubation with stannous complexes causes irreversible intracellular radioactivity retention of 99mTc and is followed by further pertechnetate influx to an unexpectedly high 99mTc level. The uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate in NIS-positive cells can be modified using stannous pyrophosphate from 3–5% to >80%. The maximum possible cellular uptake of 99mTc was 90 Bq/cell. Compared with nearly pure extracellular irradiation from routine 99mTc complexes, cell survival was reduced by 3–4 orders of magnitude after preincubation with stannous pyrophosphate. Conclusions: Intra cellular 99mTc retention is related to reduced survival, which is most likely mediated by the emission of low-energy electrons. Our findings show that the described experiments constitute a simple and useful in vitro model for radiobiological investigations in a cell model.

scholarly journals Self-Assembling Polypeptide Hydrogels as a Platform to Recapitulate the Tumor Microenvironment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Dariusz Lachowski ◽  
Carlos Matellan ◽  
Ernesto Cortes ◽  
Alberto Saiani ◽  
Aline F. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
A Cell

The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in modulating cancer cell migration, metabolism, and malignancy, thus, highlighting the need to develop in vitro culture systems that can recapitulate its abnormal properties. While a variety of stiffness-tunable biomaterials, reviewed here, have been developed to mimic the rigidity of the tumor extracellular matrix, culture systems that can recapitulate the broader extracellular context of the tumor microenvironment (including pH and temperature) remain comparably unexplored, partially due to the difficulty in independently tuning these parameters. Here, we investigate a self-assembled polypeptide network hydrogel as a cell culture platform and demonstrate that the culture parameters, including the substrate stiffness, extracellular pH and temperature, can be independently controlled. We then use this biomaterial as a cell culture substrate to assess the effect of stiffness, pH and temperature on Suit2 cells, a pancreatic cancer cell line, and demonstrate that these microenvironmental factors can regulate two critical transcription factors in cancer: yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1A).

scholarly journals Mechanical Strain-Enabled Reconstitution of Dynamic Environment in Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms: A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Qianbin Zhao ◽  
Tim Cole ◽  
Yuxin Zhang ◽  
Shi-Yang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Organ On A Chip

Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) uses the microfluidic 3D cell culture principle to reproduce organ- or tissue-level functionality at a small scale instead of replicating the entire human organ. This provides an alternative to animal models for drug development and environmental toxicology screening. In addition to the biomimetic 3D microarchitecture and cell–cell interactions, it has been demonstrated that mechanical stimuli such as shear stress and mechanical strain significantly influence cell behavior and their response to pharmaceuticals. Microfluidics is capable of precisely manipulating the fluid of a microenvironment within a 3D cell culture platform. As a result, many OOC prototypes leverage microfluidic technology to reproduce the mechanically dynamic microenvironment on-chip and achieve enhanced in vitro functional organ models. Unlike shear stress that can be readily generated and precisely controlled using commercial pumping systems, dynamic systems for generating proper levels of mechanical strains are more complicated, and often require miniaturization and specialized designs. As such, this review proposes to summarize innovative microfluidic OOC platforms utilizing mechanical actuators that induce deflection of cultured cells/tissues for replicating the dynamic microenvironment of human organs.

scholarly journals Modelling Bovine Granuloma Formation In Vitro upon Infection with Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hunter Rice ◽  
Margaret M. McDaniel ◽  
Alyson Holland ◽  
Shigetoshi Eda
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) causes chronic granulomatous disease in cattle and ruminant livestock, causing substantial economic losses. Current vaccines delay clinical signs but cannot train the immune system to fully eradicate latent Map. During latency, Map uses host defenses, cage-like macrophage clusters called granuloma, as incubators for months or years. We used an in vitro model to investigate the early coordination of macrophages into granuloma upon Map infection over ten days. We found that at multiplicities of infection (MOI; Map:macrophages) of 1:2 and below, the macrophages readily form clusters and evolve pro-inflammatory cytokines in keeping with a cell-mediated immune response. At higher MOIs, viability of host macrophages is negatively impacted. At 1:4 MOI, we quantified viable Map in our model and confirmed that intracellular Map reproduced over the first five days of infection. Host cells expressed Type 1-specific cytokines, and Map-infected macrophages displayed reduced motility compared to Map-exposed, uninfected macrophages, suggesting an important role for uninfected macrophages in the early aggregative response. Reported is the first in vitro JD granuloma model capturing Map and macrophage viability, size distribution of resulting clusters, motility of monocyte-derived macrophages, and cytokine response during clustering, allowing quantitative analysis of multiple parameters of the Map-specific granulomatous response.

Characterization of secretomes from a human blood brain barrier endothelial cells in-vitro model after ischemia by stable isotope labeling with aminoacids in cell culture (SILAC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Llombart ◽  
Teresa García-Berrocoso ◽  
Joan Josep Bech-Serra ◽  
Alba Simats ◽  
Alejandro Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals An in vitro model of erythroid egress in bone marrow

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Waugh ◽  
M Sassi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Wafer Thickness ◽  
Pore Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Passage Times

Abstract An in vitro system has been developed that mimics the passage of erythrocytes from the bone marrow to the circulation. Bone marrow egress and its proper regulation are vital physiologic processes. However, because of the inaccessibility of the marrow, it is difficult to evaluate the various factors important in controlling these processes or even to define the precise mechanism by which egress occurs. The in vitro system has been designed to evaluate the importance of different physical parameters in regulating egress. It consists of a thin silicon wafer (thickness approximately equal to 1.0 micron) cemented over the tip of a large (15.0 micron ID) micropipette. The wafer contains a single circular pore. Cells were observed under the microscope as they passed through the pore under controlled pressures. The rate and duration of passage were obtained from videorecordings of the experiment. The measured passage times agreed well with the predictions of a simple analytical model of a cell passing through a thin aperture. The experimental results confirm the conclusion reached from the analysis that the pressures needed to drive a cell through the pore are well within the physiologic range, and the time needed to complete egress is typically less than 1.0 seconds. These results support the hypothesis that erythrocyte egress may be driven by a hydrostatic pressure difference across the pore.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document