Electromyography of the fin musculature of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

The musculature of the fins of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) was studied with electromyography to test predictions of the functional role of the various muscle masses. Previous research had shown the fins to consist of a tightly packed, three-dimensional array of muscle with distinct zones of anaerobic glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibres. In addition, a network of crossed oblique connective tissue fibres was observed within the musculature. In a previous paper a model of the function of the muscle and connective tissue was presented. In the present paper, we present recordings of electrical activity from the various muscle bundles in the fin, in conjunction with the output from an electronic movement-monitoring device, and correlate muscle activity with both the phase and the intensity of the fin-beat cycle. The results obtained here support the hypothesis that the oxidative muscle fibres produce gentle fin movements and are consistent with the hypothesis that the network of crossed oblique connective tissue fibres provides skeletal support. The results also support predictions that the anaerobic glycolytic muscle fibres both produce vigorous fin movements and provide support for that movement. This study provides a critical test of models of the role of the tightly packed, three-dimensional array of muscle found in muscular hydrostats such as the arms and tentacles of cephalopods and tongues of mammals and lizards.

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Kinematic and Electromyographic Analysis of the functional role of the body axis during Terrestrial and Aquatic Locomotion in the Salamander Ambystoma Tigrinum

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.162.1.107 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 162 (1) ◽

pp. 107-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

LARRY M. FROLICH ◽

ANDREW A. BIEWENER

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Functional Role ◽

The Body ◽

Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽

Terrestrial Locomotion ◽

Aquatic Locomotion ◽

Wave Patterns ◽

Axial Morphology ◽

Electromyographic Analysis

Aquatic neotenic and terrestrial metamorphosed salamanders {Ambystoma tigrinum) were videotaped simultaneously with electromyographic (EMG) recording from five epaxial myotomes along the animal's trunk during swimming in a flow tank and trotting on a treadmill to investigate axial function during aquatic and terrestrial locomotion. Neotenic and metamorphosed individuals swim using very similar axial wave patterns, despite significant differences in axial morphology. During swimming, both forms exhibit traveling waves of axial flexion and muscle activity, with an increasing EMG-mechanical delay as these waves travel down the trunk. In contrast to swimming, during trotting metamorphosed individuals exhibit a standing wave of axial flexion produced by synchronous activation of ipsilateral epaxial myotomes along the trunk. Thus, metamorphosed individuals employ two distinct axial motor programs -- one used during swimming and one used during trotting. The transition from a traveling axial wave during swimming to a standing axial wave during trotting in A. tigrinum may be an appropriate analogy for similar transitions in axial locomotor function during theoriginal evolution of terrestriality in early tetrapods.

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Functional role of store-operated and stretch-activated channels in murine adult skeletal muscle fibres

The Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1113/jphysiol.2006.115154 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 575 (3) ◽

pp. 913-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Thomas Ducret ◽

Clarisse Vandebrouck ◽

My Linh Cao ◽

Jean Lebacq ◽

Philippe Gailly

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Functional Role ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽

Stretch Activated Channels

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The role of three-dimensional polymeric scaffold configuration on the uniformity of connective tissue formation by adipose stromal cells

Biomaterials ◽

10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (15) ◽

pp. 4322-4329 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Hongjun Wang ◽

Clemens A. van Blitterswijk

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Formation ◽

Adipose Stromal Cells ◽

Polymeric Scaffold

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On the respiratory flow in the cuttlefish sepia officinalis.

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.194.1.153 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 194 (1) ◽

pp. 153-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Q Bone ◽

E Brown ◽

G Travers

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Circular Muscle ◽

Mantle Cavity ◽

Respiratory Pattern ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Sepia Officinalis ◽

Cavity Pressure ◽

Elastic Recoil ◽

Respiratory Flow ◽

Large Pressure

The respiratory flow of water over the gills of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis at rest is produced by the alternate activity of the radial muscles of the mantle and the musculature of the collar flaps; mantle circular muscle fibres are not involved. Inspiration takes place as the radial fibres contract, thinning the mantle and expanding the mantle cavity. The rise in mantle cavity pressure (up to 0.15 kPa), expelling water via the siphon during expiration, is brought about by inward movement of the collar flaps and (probably) mainly by elastic recoil of the mantle connective tissue network 'wound up' by radial fibre contraction during inspiration. Sepia also shows a second respiratory pattern, in which mantle cavity pressures during expiration are greater (up to 0.25 kPa). Here, the mantle circular fibres are involved, as they are during the large pressure transients (up to 10 kPa) seen during escape jetting. Active contraction of the muscles of the collar flaps is seen in all three patterns of expulsion of water from the mantle cavity, electrical activity increasing with increasing mantle cavity pressures. Respiratory expiration in the resting squid Loligo vulgaris is probably driven as in Sepia, whereas in the resting octopus Eledone cirrhosa, the mantle circular musculature is active during expiration. The significance of these observations is discussed.

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Synaptic activity and connective tissue remodeling in denervated frog muscle.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.127.5.1435 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 127 (5) ◽

pp. 1435-1445 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E A Connor ◽

K Qin ◽

H Yankelev ◽

D DeStefano

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Tissue Remodeling ◽

Interstitial Cells ◽

Frog Muscle ◽

Connective Tissue Remodeling ◽

Denervated Frog Muscle

Denervation of skeletal muscle results in dramatic remodeling of the cellular and molecular composition of the muscle connective tissue. This remodeling is concentrated in muscle near neuromuscular junctions and involves the accumulation of interstitial cells and several extracellular matrix molecules. Given the role of extracellular matrix in neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, we predict that this remodeling of the junctional connective tissue directly influences the regeneration of the neuromuscular junction. As one step toward understanding the role of this denervation-induced remodeling in synapse formation, we have begun to look for the signals that are involved in initiating the junctional accumulations of interstitial cells and matrix molecules. Here, the role of muscle inactivity as a signal was examined. The distributions of interstitial cells, fibronectin, and tenascin were determined in muscles inactivated by presynaptic blockade of muscle activity with tetrodotoxin. We found that blockade of muscle activity for up to 4 wk produced neither the junctional accumulation of interstitial cells nor the junctional concentrations of tenascin and fibronectin normally present in denervated frog muscle. In contrast, the muscle inactivity induced the extrajunctional appearance of two synapse-specific molecules, the acetylcholine receptor and a muscle fiber antigen, mAb 3B6. These results demonstrate that the remodeling of the junctional connective tissue in response to nerve injury is a unique response of muscle to denervation in that it is initiated by a mechanism that is independent of muscle activity. Thus connective tissue remodeling in denervated skeletal muscle may be induced by signals released from or associated with the nerve other than the evoked release of neurotransmitter.

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Functional Role of Connective Tissue Repair in Experimental Aortic Aneurysms

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology ◽

10.1016/s1051-0443(99)70176-4 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 989-990

Author(s):

Mark D. Huffman ◽

John A. Curci ◽

Gail Moore ◽

Brent T. Kerns ◽

Robert W. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Functional Role ◽

Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Connective Tissue Repair

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Serotonin and neuropeptide FMRFamide in the attachment organs of trematodes

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2018-0022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. B. Terenina ◽

N. D. Kreshchenko ◽

N. B. Mochalova ◽

S. O. Movsesyan

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Laser Microscopy ◽

Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽

Confocal Scanning ◽

Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽

Confocal Scanning Laser

Summary The serotoninergic and FMRFamidergic nervous system of the attachment organs of trematodes were examined using immunocytochemical techniques and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Adult trematodes from eight families as well as cercariae and metacercariae from ten families were studied. TRITC-conjugated phalloidin was used to stain the muscle fibres. The serotonin- and FMRFamide-immunoreactive (IR) nerve cells and fibres were revealed to be near the muscle fibres of the oral and ventral suckers of the trematodes and their larvae. The results indicate the important role of neurotransmitters, serotonin and neuropeptide FMRFamide in the regulation of muscle activity in the attachment organs of trematodes and can be considered in perspective for the development of new anthelmintic drugs, which can interrupt the function of the attachment organs of the parasites.

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Structural insights into the interaction of human IgG1 with FcγRI: no direct role of glycans in binding

Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1399004715018015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 2354-2361 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Vaheh Oganesyan ◽

Yariv Mazor ◽

Chunning Yang ◽

Kimberly E. Cook ◽

Robert M. Woods ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Role ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Molecular Replacement ◽

Wild Type ◽

Direct Role ◽

Three Dimensional Structure ◽

Human Igg1 ◽

Structural Insights

The three-dimensional structure of a human IgG1 Fc fragment bound to wild-type human FcγRI is reported. The structure of the corresponding complex was solved at a resolution of 2.4 Å using molecular replacement; this is the highest resolution achieved for an unmutated FcγRI molecule. This study highlights the critical structural and functional role played by the second extracellular subdomain of FcγRI. It also explains the long-known major energetic contribution of the Fc `LLGG' motif at positions 234–237, and particularly of Leu235, via a `lock-and-key' mechanism. Finally, a previously held belief is corrected and a differing view is offered on the recently proposed direct role of Fc carbohydrates in the corresponding interaction. Structural evidence is provided that such glycan-related effects are strictly indirect.

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