MALE ACCESSORY GLAND FACTORS ELICIT CHANGE FROM ‘VIRGIN’ TO ‘MATED’ BEHAVIOUR IN THE FEMALE CORN EARWORM MOTH HELICOVERPA ZEA

1993 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Kingan ◽  
P. A. Thomas-Laemont ◽  
A. K. Raina
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Calling Behaviour ◽  
Chemical Messenger

After mating, the females of many species of moths become depleted of sex pheromone, calling behaviour is terminated, and they become transiently or permanently unreceptive to additional matings. In the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea, we have found that the male accessory gland/duplex is required for evoking the post-mating depletion of sex pheromone but apparently not for the cessation of calling. The latter change requires the receipt of a spermatophore or a chemical messenger derived from non-accessory gland/duplex sources. Desalted extracts of combined accessory glands and duplexes caused a depletion of pheromone in injected females. Proteinaceous components in extracts purified by fractionation in cation-exchange cartridges and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromotography retain their pheromonostatic activity. In addition, this fractionated material shuts off calling behaviour and prevents mating in injected females, raising the possibility that redundant mechanisms exist in eliciting the different components of ‘mated’ behaviour.

Attraction of Heliothis belladonna (Henry and Edwards) to the Sex Pheromone of the Corn Earworm Moth, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Landolt ◽  
Constance L. Smithhisler ◽  
Richard S. Zack ◽  
Leonardo Camelo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Male accessory gland substance: an egg-laying stimulant in Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) (Orthoptera:Acrididae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickford ◽  
Al B. Ewen ◽  
C. Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Per Se

The rate of egg deposition by mature virgin females of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), increased markedly after implantation of accessory glands from mature males. Implants consisting of one-half of a complete set of glands, or of the 10 short hyaline glands alone, were about equally effective in increasing the rate of egg deposition. However, in each case the oviposition rate was less than that of normally mated females of the same age. Implanting only the white glands of the accessory gland complex had a lesser effect on egg-laying and implants of the long hyaline gland or of the seminal vesicle had little or no effect.Our results indicate that the physical act of mating per se or the presence of sperm probably do not provide the primary stimulus to egg-laying. The abdominal location of the implanted accessory gland does, however, suggest that some diffusible chemical substance is responsible for increasing egg deposition in these virgin females.

scholarly journals Specificity and localization of lipolytic activity in adult Drosophila melanogaster

1994 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Smith ◽  
K Rothwell ◽  
S L Wood ◽  
S J Yeaman ◽  
M Bownes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
Adult Drosophila

The triacylglycerol lipases present in adult Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated. Different lipase activities are present in various tissues in the fly. In particular, an abundant lipase activity is present in the male accessory gland. An esterase null mutant was used to confirm that the enzyme activity was due to a distinct lipase and not non-specific activity from esterase 6 which is also abundant in accessory glands. The properties of the accessory-gland lipase were investigated, and pH optima and substrate utilization suggest that it has some similarities to vertebrate bile-salt-stimulated lipase. Lipase activity is significantly reduced in males and increased in females shortly after mating. This finding suggests that lipase activity is transferred to the female and may be important in mating and reproduction in Drosophila.

FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE ACCESSORY GLAND SECRETIONS OF AEDES MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): TRANSPLANTATION STUDIES

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramalingam ◽  
G. B. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractIn Aedes aegypti, the ’matrone’ substance which caused mating inhibition and stimulated oviposition in females, was present in the anterior secretory region of the male accessory glands. In the divided accessory glands of male A. triseriatus, however, it was present in the posterior glands. The posterior gland substance in A. triseriatus was not species specific. It stimulated oviposition in A. aegypti and caused mating inhibition in A. atropalpus. The secretory substance of the posteriormost region in the glands of both species of mosquitoes was mucin in nature. This mucin substance effectively glued the secretory granules of the anterior region(s).

scholarly journals The loss of female sex pheromone after mating in the corn earworm moth Helicoverpa zea: identification of a male pheromonostatic peptide.

1995 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 5082-5086 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Kingan ◽  
W. M. Bodnar ◽  
A. K. Raina ◽  
J. Shabanowitz ◽  
D. F. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Female Sex

The structure, formation, histochemistry, fate, and functions of the spermatophore of Lytta nuttalli Say (Coleoptera: Meloidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1595-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber ◽  
N. S. Church ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Tube Wall ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Probable Form

The spermatophore of Lytta nuttalli consists of a unique tubular structure and a mass of jelly-like material (JLM). The spermatozoa are located in the JLM at its junction with the tube. The tube wall is composed of three layers of "histochemically" different substances produced by the first pair of male accessory glands. The JLM is secreted by the vasa deferentia. During copulation, usually of 8 to 10 h duration, the tube is molded and hardened in the vagina and posterior part of the spermatophoral receptacle duct and the JLM in the anterior part of the duct. The tube of the spermatophore serves as an intromittent "organ" in the absence of an internal penial sac. The sequence of events in spermatophore formation and the roles of the materials from the second and third pairs of male accessory glands are described. After copulation, usually within 2 h, the tube is ejected by the female. Within 24 h after copulation, most of the spermatozoa are transferred to the spermatheca. The secretion of the female accessory gland apparently is involved in this process. The JLM and third male accessory gland materials are retained in the spermatophoral receptacle and apparently are absorbed. The histochemical composition of the male and female secretions and the components of the spermatophore and the cytology and secretory cycles of the glands are described. The spermatophore of L. nuttalli is compared with those of other insects and the probable form of the spermatophore in other Meloidae is considered.

scholarly journals Male accessory gland factors increased sex pheromone titres in the glands of Spodoptera litura female moths by inhibiting calling behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xu ◽  
Min-Rui Shi ◽  
Da-Ying Fu ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Pheromone Release ◽  
Pheromone Titer ◽  
Behavior Suppression

AbstractMoths are the most widely studied example of pheromones in animals. However, little is known about the mechanism of intrasexual and mating-related intersexual regulation of pheromone production and release in female moths. Our previous studies in Spodoptera litura found that mating induced a higher sex pheromone titre in the pheromone gland (PG) and mating or male accessory gland (MAG) extract suppressed female calling behavior. We therefore hypothesize that the inhibition of female calling behavior by mating or MAG factors likely suppresses the release of sex pheromones and thus results in a higher pheromone titre in the PG. To test this hypothesis, in the present study, we introduced an artificial calling behavior suppression treatment by gently knocking on and shaking the testing boxes contained moths once every 10 minutes. Results show that this treatment significantly increased pheromone titres in virgin or saline injected virgin females, and the increase rates are similar to those of mating and MAG extract treated ones. These results have suggested that the increase of sex pheromone titer in the female PG after mating in S. litura is due to the inhibition of female calling behavior by MAG factors. Moreover, results of this study also suggest that female calling behavior is positively correlated to pheromone release and likewise, the calling behavior and sex pheromone release in S. litura females are directly under the neural control, and modulated by molecular and environmental factors.

scholarly journals FACS-based isolation and RNA extraction of Secondary Cells from the Drosophila male Accessory Gland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Immarigeon ◽  
François Karch ◽  
Robert K. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Accessory Gland Proteins ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Study Gene Expression

ABSTRACTTo appreciate the function of an organ, it is often critical to understand the role of rare cell populations. Unfortunately, this rarity often makes it difficult to obtain material for study. This is the case for the Drosophila male accessory gland, the functional homolog of mammalian prostate and seminal vesicle. In Drosophila, this gland is made up of two morphologically distinct cell types: the polygonally-shaped main cells, which compose 96% of the organ, and the larger, vacuole-containing secondary cells (SCs), which represent the remaining 4% of cells (~40 cells per lobe). Both cell types are known to produce accessory gland proteins (Acps), which are important components of the seminal fluid and are responsible for triggering multiple physiological and behavioral processes in females, collectively called the post-mating response (PMR). While a few genes are known to be specific to the SCs, the relative rarity of SCs has hindered the study of their whole transcriptome. Here, a method allowing for the isolation of SCs is presented, enabling the extraction and sequencing of RNAs from this rare cell population. The protocol consists of dissection, protease digestion and mechanical dissociation of the glands to obtain individual cells. Then, the cells are sorted by FACS, and living GFP-expressing SC singulets are isolated for RNA extraction. This procedure is able to provide SC-specific RNAs from ~40 males per condition in the course of one day. Given the speed and low number of flies required, this method enables the use of downstream RT-qPCR and/or RNA sequencing to the study gene expression in the SCs from different genetic backgrounds, ages, mating statuses or environmental conditions.SUMMARYHere, we describe the dissociation and sorting of a specific cell population from the Drosophila male accessory glands (Secondary cells), followed by RNA extraction for sequencing and RT-qPCR. The dissociation consists of dissection, proteases digestion and mechanical dispersion, followed by FACS purification of GFP-expressing cells.

Preparation and Characterization of NH2-Terminal Fibrinogen Bβ Fragments from N-DSK of Human Fibrinogen

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Birken ◽  
G Agosto ◽  
B Lahiri ◽  
R Canfield
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Cnbr Cleavage ◽  
Two Peaks

SummaryIn order to investigate the early release of NH2-terminal plasmic fragments from the Bβ chain of fibrinogen, substantial quantities of Bβ 1-42 and Bβ 1-21 are required as immunogens, as radioimmunoassay standards and for infusion into human volunteers to determine the half-lives of these peptides. Towards this end methods that employ selective proteolytic cleavage of these fragments from fibrinogen have been developed. Both the N-DSK fragment, produced by CNBr cleavage of fibrinogen, and Bβ 1-118 were employed as substrates for plasmin with the finding of higher yields from N-DSK. Bβ 1-42 and Bβ 1-21 were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex using volatile buffers. When the purified preparation of Bβ 1-42 was chromatographed on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, two peaks of identical amino acid composition were separated, presumably due either to pyroglutamate or to amide differences.

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