Some Factors Affecting the Oxygen Consumption of Asellus

1960 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-718
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS ◽  
M. A. LEARNER
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Asellus Aquaticus ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Males And Females

1. The oxygen-consumption rates of Asellus aquaticus (males and females) have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer, and the effect of starvation for 24 hr. investigated. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the wet weight. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 1.5. 2. The oxygen-consumption rates of A. aquaticus and A. meridianus have been measured at 20° C. in a flowing-water respirometer employing a polarographic technique for the measurement of dissolved-oxygen concentrations. The oxygen consumptions of A. aquaticus and A. meridianus are similar and decrease by 15-20% when the dissolved-oxygen concentration falls from 8.3 to 1.5 p.p.m. 3. The oxygen consumption of A. aquaticus is between 35 and 75% higher in the polarographic respirometer than in the constant-volume respirometer.

The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Body Size and to Temperature in the Larvae of Chironomus Riparius Meigen

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The oxygen consumption rates of 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer. 2. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the dry weight: it is not proportional to the estimated surface area. 3. This relationship between oxygen consumption and dry weight is the same at 10 and at 20° C.. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 2.6. 5. During growth the percentage of dry matter of 4th-instar larvae increases from 10 to 16 and the specific gravity from 1.030 to 1.043. 6. The change in the dry weight/wet weight ratio during the 4 larval instar supports the theory of heterauxesis. 7. At 20° C., ‘summer’ larvae respire faster than ‘winter’ larvae.

Method for determining oxygen consumption rates of static cultures from microplate measurements of pericellular dissolved oxygen concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Guarino ◽  
Laura E. Dike ◽  
Tariq A. Haq ◽  
Jon A. Rowley ◽  
J. Bruce Pitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Consumption Rates

scholarly journals Method for determining oxygen consumption rates of static cultures from microplate measurements of pericellular dissolved oxygen concentration

2005 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Guarino ◽  
Laura E. Dike ◽  
Tariq A. Haq ◽  
Jon A. Rowley ◽  
J. Bruce Pitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Consumption Rates

Positioning changes of mayfly nymphs due to behavioral regulation of oxygen consumption

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Wiley ◽  
Steven L. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Renewal Rate

Experimental investigations in a small artificial stream showed that the positioning of mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera) on stones varied with dissolved oxygen concentration (DO). At low DO levels nymphs moved to current-exposed positions, presumably to increase the renewal rate of oxygen at respiratory exchange surfaces. The expected magnitude of positioning changes under field conditions was determined and suggests that behavioral regulation of oxygen consumption may commonly influence both habitat distribution and diel behavioral patterns. The implications of these results to drift studies are also discussed.

The Oxygen Consumption of Flies During Flight

1940 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. DAVIS ◽  
G. FRAENKEL
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

A method is described by which the oxygen uptake of the blow-fly, Lucilia sericata Mg., was measured during flight manometrically in a Warburg and in a Barcroft type of apparatus. The average oxygen consumption in air for all the flies used was 95·580 c.c. per g. wet weight per hour. When flying in pure oxygen the rate of oxygen consumption showed no significant difference; in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures, containing 10 and 5% oxygen, the rate was considerably less than in air.

The Swimming Energetics of Trout

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle System ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Difference

1. The oxygen consumption of rainbow trout was measured at a variety of subfatigue swimming speeds, at a temperature of 15 %C. Five groups of fish were used, a control group and four groups with extra drag loads attached to the body. 2. The logarithm of oxygen consumption was linearly related to swimming speed in all five groups, the slope of the relationship increasing with the size of the extra drag load. The mean standard rate of oxygen consumption was 72.5 mg O2/kg wet weight/h. The active rate of oxygen consumption was highest for the control group (628 mg O2/kg/h) and fell with increasing size of the attached drag load. The active rate for the control group was high in comparison with other salmonid fish, and in comparison with the value expected for the fish. This was not a result of the extra drag loads in the other groups. No explanation for this high value can be found. 3. The critical swimming speed for a 60 min test period was 58.1 cm/sec (2.0 body lengths/sec) for the control group. The values for the critical swimming speeds were slightly higher than those measured for the same species in a previous paper (Webb, 1971). The difference between the two sets of critical swimming speeds is attributed to seasonal changes in swimming performance. 4. The aerobic efficiency was found to reach values of 14.5-15.5% based on the energy released by aerobic metabolism in comparison with the calculated required thrust. 5. The anaerobic contribution to the total energy budget in increasing-velocity tests is considered to be small, and can be neglected. 6. It is concluded that the efficiency of the muscle system in cruising will be approximately 17-20% over the upper 80% of the cruising-speed range, while the caudal propeller efficiency will increase from about 15-75 % over the same range. 7. Consideration of the efficiency values for the caudal propeller calculated here, and those predicted by Lighthill's (1969) model of fish propulsion, suggest that the efficiency of the propeller system will reach an optimum value at the maximum cruising speeds of most fish, and will remain close to this value at spring speeds.

scholarly journals GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE AND 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASES FROM EGGS OF THE SEA URCHIN, ARBACIA PUNCTULATA

1955 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Krahl ◽  
A. K. Keltch ◽  
C. P. Walters ◽  
G. H. A. Clowes
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Glycolytic Pathway ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Arbacia Punctulata ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

1. Glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases have been found in homogenates of Arbacia eggs; 95 per cent of the activity toward each substrate is recovered in the supernatant fraction after centrifuging at 20,000 g for 30 minutes. 2. With glucose-6-phosphate as substrate) the rate of TPN reduction by the supernatant fraction from 1 gm. wet weight unfertilized or fertilized eggs was 1.8 to 3.0 micromoles per minute; this rate is sufficient to support a rate of oxygen consumption 24 times that observed for unfertilized, and 6 times that for fertilized, eggs. Pentose was formed from glucose-6-phosphate at a rate 0.3 to 0.5 that of TPN reduction, when both rates were expressed as micromoles per minute. 3. The concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate for half maximal activity were each approximately 0.00004 M for the respective enzymes in the supernatant fraction. Maximal activity toward 6-phosphogluconate was 50 to 60 per cent of that toward glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was 50 per cent inhibited in presence of 0.00006 M 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. 4. Reduction of DPN by the supernatant fraction in presence of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and ADP was 0.1 to 0.2 micromoles per minute per gm. wet eggs, indicating that the glycolytic pathway can metabolize glucose-6-phosphate at about 5 per cent the rate at which it can be oxidized by the TPN system from unfertilized or fertilized Arbacia eggs. 5. Phosphoglucomutase, hexose isomerase, and a phosphatase for fructose-1,6-diphosphate also appear to be present in Arbacia eggs.

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