Experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics of a biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester)-fuelled direct-injection transportation diesel engine

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sinha ◽  
A K Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Crank Angle

Increased environmental awareness and depletion of fossil petroleum resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. Transesterified vegetable oil derivatives called ‘biodiesel’ appear to be the most convenient way of utilizing bio-origin vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines. The methyl esters of vegetable oils do not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. Previous research has shown that biodiesel has comparable performance and lower brake specific fuel consumption than diesel with significant reduction in emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke but slightly increased NO x emissions. In the present experimental research work, methyl ester of rice-bran oil is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics in a direct injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester), and its blends with diesel. Engine tests were performed at different engine loads ranging from no load to rated (100 per cent) load at two different engine speeds (1400 and 1800 r/min). A careful analysis of the cylinder pressure rise, heat release, and other combustion parameters such as the cylinder peak combustion pressure, rate of pressure rise, crank angle at which peak pressure occurs, rate of pressure rise, and mass burning rates was carried out. All test fuels exhibited similar combustion stages as diesel; however, biodiesel blends showed an earlier start of combustion and lower heat release during premixed combustion phase at all engine load-speed combinations. The maximum cylinder pressure reduces as the fraction of biodiesel increases in the blend and, at higher engine loads, the crank angle position of the peak cylinder pressure for biodiesel blends shifted away from the top dead centre in comparison with baseline diesel data. The maximum rate of pressure rise was found to be higher for diesel at higher engine loads; however, combustion duration was higher for biodiesel blends.

scholarly journals Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with rice bran oil methyl ester and its diesel blends

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Gattamaneni ◽  
Saravanan Subramani ◽  
Sampath Santhanam ◽  
Rajagopal Kuderu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Maximum Heat

There has been a worldwide interest in searching for alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels due to their depletion as well as due to the concern for the environment. Vegetable oils have capability to solve this problem because they are renewable and lead to reduction in environmental pollution. The direct use of vegetable oils as a diesel engine fuel is possible but not preferable because of their extremely higher viscosity, strong tendency to polymerize and bad cold start properties. On the other hand, Biodiesels, which are derived from vegetable oils, have been recently recognized as a potential alternative to diesel oil. This study deals with the analysis of rice bran oil methyl ester (RBME) as a diesel fuel. RBME is derived through the transesterification process, in which the rice bran oil reacts with methanol in the presence of KOH. The properties of RBME thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. Tests are conducted on a 4.4 kW, single-cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct-injection air-cooled stationary diesel engine to evaluate the feasibility of RBME and its diesel blends as alternate fuels. The ignition delay and peak heat release for RBME and its diesel blends are found to be lower than that of diesel and the ignition delay decreases with increase in RBME in the blend. Maximum heat release is found to occur earlier for RBME and its diesel blends than diesel. As the amount of RBME in the blend increases the HC, CO, and soot concentrations in the exhaust decreased when compared to mineral diesel. The NOx emissions of the RBME and its diesel blends are noted to be slightly higher than that of diesel.

Comparative Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of Rice-Bran Oil and Its Biodiesel in a Transportation Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Atul Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Comparative Performance

The methyl esters of vegetable oils known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engines. Methyl ester of rice-bran oil (RBOME) is prepared through the process of transesterification. In the present investigation, experiments have been carried out to examine the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a direct-injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, 20% blend of rice-bran oil (RBO), and 20% blend of RBOME with mineral diesel. A four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct-injection transportation diesel engine (MDI 3000) was instrumented for the measurement of the engine performance, emissions, in-cylinder pressure-crank angle history, rate of pressure rise, and other important combustion parameters such as instantaneous heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate, mass fraction burned, etc. A careful analysis of the performance, emissions, combustion, and heat release parameters has been carried out. HC, CO, and smoke emissions for RBO and RBOME blends were lower than mineral diesel while NOx emissions were almost similar and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was slightly higher than mineral diesel. Combustion characteristics were quite similar for the three fuels.

Combustion Characteristics of Rice Bran Oil Derived Biodiesel in a Transportation Diesel Engine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Sinha ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Investigations

The methyl esters of vegetable oils, known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engines. They do not require significant modification in existing engine hardware. Methyl ester of rice bran oil (ROME) is prepared through the process of transesterification. Previous research has shown that ROME has comparable performance, lower bsfc in comparison to diesel. There was reduction in the emissions of CO, HC, and smoke but NOx emissions increased. In the present research, experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics of a direct injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, and 20% blend of ROME with diesel. A four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct-injection transportation diesel engine (MDI 3000) was fully instrumented for the measurement of combustion pressure, rate of pressure rise and other combustion parameters such as instantaneous heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate, mass fraction burned etc. Tests were performed at different loads ranging from no load to 100%, at constant engine speed. No engine hardware modification was carried out for the present study. A careful analysis of combustion and heat release parameters has been carried out, which gives precise information about the in-cylinder combustion of rice bran oil based biodiesel vis-a`-vis mineral diesel.

Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel (Jatropha Curcas) Blends in a Medium Duty IDI Transportation Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Gangwar ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends

Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin, are able to reduce net carbon-di-oxide emissions to the atmosphere along with import substitution of petroleum products. However, several operational and durability problems in using straight vegetable oils as CI engine fuels are reported in the literature, which are because of their higher viscosity and low volatility compared to mineral diesel. In the present research, experiment were designed to study the effect of lowering Jatropha oil’s viscosity by transesterification and thereby eliminating adverse effects on combustion characteristics of the engine. In the present experimental research, Jatropha methyl ester is produced by transesterification of jatropha oil using methanol in presence of basic catalyst (Sodium hydroxide). Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics of in an indirect injection (IDI) transportation diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel and its blends with diesel. Engine tests were performed at different engine loads ranging from no load to rated (100%) load at fixed engine speed (2000 rpm). A careful analysis of cylinder pressure rise, instantaneous heat release and cumulative heat release was carried out. All test fuels exhibited similar combustion stages as diesel however biodiesel and its blends showed earlier start of combustion and lower heat release during premixed combustion phase at all engine load. Maximum cylinder pressure reduces as the fraction of biodiesel increases in the blend and at higher engine loads, the crank angle position of peak cylinder pressure for biodiesel blends shifted away from top dead center. The maximum rate of pressure rise was found to be higher for diesel at higher engine loads however total combustion duration was higher for biodiesel blends.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A DIRECT INJECTION OFF-ROAD DIESEL ENGINE

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Mickevičius ◽  
Stasys Slavinskas ◽  
Slawomir Wierzbicki ◽  
Kamil Duda
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emission

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the diesel engine performance and emission characteristics, when operating on diesel fuel and various diesel-biodiesel (B10, B20, B40, B60) blends, at various loads and engine speeds. The experimental tests were performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection, naturally aspirated, 60 kW diesel engine D-243. The in-cylinder pressure data was analysed to determine the ignition delay, the Heat Release Rate (HRR), maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum pressure gradients. The influence of diesel-biodiesel blends on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc) and exhaust emissions was also investigated. The bench test results showed that when the engine running on blends B60 at full engine load and rated speed, the autoignition delay was 13.5% longer, in comparison with mineral diesel. Maximum cylinder pressure decreased about 1–2% when the amount of Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) expanded in the diesel fuel when operating at full load and 1400 min–1 speed. At rated mode, the minimum bsfc increased, when operating on biofuel blends compared to mineral diesel. The maximum brake thermal efficiency sustained at the levels from 0.3% to 6.5% lower in comparison with mineral diesel operating at full (100%) load. When the engine was running at maximum torque mode using diesel – RME fuel blends B10, B20, B40 and B60 the total emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased. At full and moderate load, the emission of carbon monoxide significantly raised as the amount of RME in fuel increased.

Experimental investigations on combustion of jatropha methyl ester in a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1865-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Anand ◽  
R P Sharma ◽  
P S Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Gas Temperature

Suitability of vegetable oil as an alternative to diesel fuel in compression ignition engines has become attractive, and research in this area has gained momentum because of concerns on energy security, high oil prices, and increased emphasis on clean environment. The experimental work reported here has been carried out on a turbocharged direct-injection multicylinder truck diesel engine using diesel fuel and jatropha methyl ester (JME)-diesel blends. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that an increase in JME quantity in the blend slightly advances the dynamic fuel injection timing and lowers the ignition delay compared with the diesel fuel. A maximum rise in peak pressure limited to 6.5 per cent is observed for fuel blends up to 40 per cent JME for part-load (up to about 50 per cent load) operations. However, for a higher-JME blend, the peak pressures decrease at higher loads remained within 4.5 per cent. With increasing proportion of JME in the blend, the peak pressure occurrence slightly advances and the maximum rate of pressure rise, combustion duration, and exhaust gas temperature decrease by 9 per cent, 15 per cent and 17 per cent respectively. Although the changes in brake thermal efficiencies for 20 per cent and 40 per cent JME blends compared with diesel fuel remain insignificant, the 60 per cent JME blend showed about 2.7 per cent improvement in the brake thermal efficiency. In general, it is observed that the overall performance and combustion characteristics of the engine do not alter significantly for 20 per cent and 40 per cent JME blends but show an improvement over diesel performance when fuelled with 60 per cent JME blend.

Biofuel (Cooking Oil) Blends Contribution in DI Diesel Engine – Performance & Emission Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 839-844
Author(s):  
Natesan Kanthavelkumaran ◽  
P. Seenikannan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emission Study ◽  
Ci Engines

In present scenario researchers focusing the alternate sources of petroleum products. Based on this, current research work focused the emission study of its characteristics and potential as a substitute for Diesel fuel in CI engines. Current research biodiesel is produced by base catalyzed transesterification of rice bran oil is known as Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester (Biofuel). In this research various proportions of Biofuel and Diesel are prepared on volume basis. It is used as fuels in a four stroke single cylinder direct injection Diesel engine to study the performance and emission characteristics of these fuels. Varieties of results obtained, that shows around 50% reduction in smoke, 33% reduction in HC and 38% reduction in CO emissions. In result discussion a different blends of the brake power and BTE are reduced nearly 2 to 3% and 3 to 4% respectively around 5% increase in the SFC. Therefore it is accomplished from the this experimental work that the blends of Biofuel and Diesel fuel can successfully be used in Diesel engines as an alternative fuel without any modification in the engine. It is also environment friendly blended fuel by the various emission standards.

Combustion characteristics of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with a blend of crude rice bran oil methyl ester and diesel

Energy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saravanan ◽  
G. Nagarajan ◽  
G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao ◽  
S. Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Combustion Characteristics
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