scholarly journals Production of Hydrogen Cyanide under Electric Discharge.

1961 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Shozo MIYAZAKI ◽  
Saku TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

scholarly journals Contribution of Hydrogen Cyanide to the Antagonistic Activity of Pseudomonas Strains Against Phytophthora infestans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Abhishek Anand ◽  
Delphine Chinchilla ◽  
Christopher Tan ◽  
Laurent Mène-Saffrané ◽  
Floriane L’Haridon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Plants face many biotic and abiotic challenges in nature; one of them is attack by disease-causing microbes. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight is one of the most prominent pathogens of the potato responsible for multi-billion-dollar losses every year. We have previously reported that potato-associated Pseudomonas strains inhibited P. infestans at various developmental stages. A comparative genomics approach identified several factors putatively involved in this anti-oomycete activity, among which was the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Here, we report the relative contribution of HCN emission to the overall anti-Phytophthora activity of two cyanogenic Pseudomonas strains, P. putida R32 and P. chlororaphis R47. To quantify this contribution, we generated HCN-negative mutants (Δhcn) and compared their activities to those of their respective wild types in different experiments assessing P. infestans mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and infection of potato leaf disks. Using in vitro experiments allowing only volatile-mediated interactions, we observed that HCN accounted for most of the mycelial growth inhibition (57% in R47 and 80% in R32). However, when allowing both volatile and diffusible compound-mediated interactions, HCN only accounted for 1% (R47) and 18% (R32) of mycelial growth inhibition. Likewise, both mutants inhibited zoospore germination in a similar way as their respective wild types. More importantly, leaf disk experiments showed that both wild-type and Δhcn strains of R47 and R32 were able to limit P. infestans infection to a similar extent. Our results suggest that while HCN is a major contributor to the in vitro volatile-mediated restriction of P. infestans mycelial growth, it does not play a major role in the inhibition of other disease-related features such as zoospore germination or infection of plant tissues.

scholarly journals Plasma-electrolyte discharges in a gas-liquid medium for the production of hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
A. F. Gaysin ◽  
F. M. Gaysin ◽  
L. N. Bagautdinova ◽  
A. A. Khafizov ◽  
R. I. Valiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Dielectric Tube ◽  
Discharge Ignition ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

THE PURPOSE. Comprehensive study of the effect of direct current electric discharge plasma in a gas-liquid medium of inorganic mixtures in order to obtain gaseous hydrogen. Obtain volt-ampere, volt-second and ampere-second characteristics of the discharge at various concentrations of electrolyte. Study the process of electrolysis, breakdown, discharge ignition and discharge flow in a dielectric tube at a constant current. METHODS. To solve this problem, experimental studies were carried out on a model installation, which consists of a power supply system, a discharge chamber, equipment for monitoring and controlling the operation of the installation and measuring the characteristics of an electric discharge. To analyze the stability of the discharge, the time dependences of the voltage ripple and the discharge current were obtained. RESULTS. Experimental studies were carried out between the electrolytic cathode and the electrolytic anode at constant current and at atmospheric pressure with the following parameters: discharge voltage U = 0.1-1.5 kV, discharge current I = 0.02-2.3 A, interelectrode distance l = 100 mm , 1%, 3% and 5% solutions of sodium chloride in tap water were used as electrolytes. CONCLUSION. It is shown that electrical breakdown and ignition of a discharge that is stable in time depends on the conductivity of the gas-liquid medium of the electrolyte. The nature of the current-voltage characteristics depends on the random processes occurring in the gas-liquid medium, which is associated with numerous breakdowns occurring in the gas-liquid medium of the electrolyte, combustion and attenuation of microdischarges, the appearance of bubbles, and the movement of the electrolyte inside the dielectric tube. It is shown that the generation of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing components can occur both at the stage of electrolysis and during discharge combustion. A feature of this method is that electrical discharges in the tube increase the release of hydrogen. In this installation, inorganic and organic liquids of a certain composition and concentration can be used. The results of experimental studies made it possible to develop and create a small-sized installation for producing gaseous hydrogen. Tests have shown that a small-sized plant can be taken as the basis for a industrial plant for the production of hydrogen gas.

scholarly journals Production of Hydrogen Cyanide by Pseudomonas flurescens

1975 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
L. R. Freeman ◽  
P. Angelini ◽  
G. J. Silverman ◽  
C. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH HYDRAZINE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Freeman ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Excited Nitrogen

Hydrazine was completely destroyed by active nitrogen, at both 150 °C. and 480 °C., up to a hydrazine flow rate of about 22 × 10−6 mole per sec., whereas ammonia production was small at hydrazine flow rates below about 12 × 10−6 mole per sec. Thus it appears that ammonia is formed in secondary reactions only. The results indicate that NH2 radicals rather than hydrogen atoms may be prominent in secondary reactions. Comparison of the rate of hydrazine destruction with the rate of production of hydrogen cyanide from ethylene indicates that excited nitrogen molecules do not make a large contribution to the chemical reactivity of active nitrogen.

scholarly journals Neutral production of hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in Titan’s upper atmosphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
pp. A21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hébrard ◽  
M. Dobrijevic ◽  
J. C. Loison ◽  
A. Bergeat ◽  
K. M. Hickson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Isocyanide

scholarly journals Possible Causes and the Molecular Basis of Hydrogen Cyanogenesis Production in Cassava

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
N Kimatu Josphert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Family ◽  
Edible Root ◽  
Sweet Cassava

Cassava (Manihot esculenta), is a major source of carbohydrates after rice and maize providing a basic diet to over half a billion people. It is an annual crop belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It produces edible root tubers which form the staple food for inhabitants in the developing world mainly in the tropical and subtropical countries. It is a very drought tolerant crop which is classified as either bitter or sweet cassava. However, it produces Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) which is toxic. This ant nutritional component can cause partial paralysis and have been known to kill and wipe out families in Africa. It is surprising that farmers seem to prefer the bitter varieties as they are starchier, deter pests and wild animals. There have not been adequate studies to evaluate the causes and molecular basis of the production of Hydrogen cyanide by cassava. Observations of feeding patterns of porcupines on cassava roots, defense mechanisms in cassava and macro level results on cassava metabolism were hereby used to explain the molecular epigenetic link of cyanogenesis of cassava. The results explain the exogenous release and its subsequent removal of HCN during cassava processing. It shall form the basis for the selection and improvement of cassava products for food security.

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