Monetary-Fiscal Policy Interactions and Indeterminacy in Postwar US Data

Using a micro-founded model and a likelihood-based inference method, we show that while a passive monetary and passive fiscal policy regime prevailed in the U.S. before Paul Volcker's chairmanship at the Federal Reserve, an active monetary and passive fiscal policy regime prevailed after his appointment. Since both monetary and fiscal policies were passive pre-Volcker, equilibrium indeterminacy was a feature of the economy. Finally, pre-Volcker, the effects of unanticipated policy shifts were substantially different from those predicted by conventional monetary models: unanticipated increases in interest rates increased inflation and output, while unanticipated increases in lump-sum taxes decreased inflation and output.

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Economic Growth, Policies and Influencing Factors: The Case of Albania

European Journal of Economics and Business Studies ◽

10.26417/ejes.v4i1.p107-115 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Eleni Vangjeli ◽

Anila Mancka

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Monetary Policy ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

The Government ◽

High Level ◽

The Empirical Analysis

Monetary and fiscal policies are two policies that the government could use to keep a high level of growth, with a low inflancion. Fiscal policy has its initial impact on the stock market, while monetary policy in market assets. But, given that the goods and active markets are closely interrelated, both policies, monetary as well as fiscal have impact on the economy, increasing the level of product through the reduction of interest rates. In our paper we will show how functioning monetary and fiscal policies. But also in our paper we will analyze the different factors which have affected the economic growth of the country. The focus of our study is the graphical and empirical analysis of economic growth, policies and influencing factors. For the empirical analysis we have used data on the economic growth in Albania for 1996– 2014.

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How diabolic is the sovereign-bank loop? The effects of post-default fiscal policies

Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽

10.1017/s1365100521000535 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

André Diniz ◽

Bernardo Guimaraes

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Government Spending ◽

Sovereign Debt ◽

Policy Issue ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

Debt Restructuring ◽

Balance Sheets ◽

Lump Sum ◽

Greek Economy ◽

Key Policy

Abstract The deleterious effect of debt restructuring on banks’ balance sheets and, consequently, on the economy as a whole has been a key policy issue. This paper studies how post-default fiscal policy interacts with this sovereign-bank loop and shape the response of a model economy. Calibration of the model matches characteristics of the Greek economy at the time of the bond exchange. Debt restructuring in place of higher lump-sum taxation or lower nonproductive government spending harms the economy even if no other cost of default is considered. However, the sovereign-debt loop is less costly to the economy than increases in labor or capital taxes to service debt. Even so, if fiscal policy is too responsive, a crowding-out effect inhibits the recovery of capital markets, hence a more conservative fiscal stance is desirable. Thus, how diabolic the post-default sovereign-bank loop is depends to a large extent on the way fiscal policy responds.

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Activist Fiscal Policy

The Journal of Economic Perspectives ◽

10.1257/jep.24.4.141 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 141-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Alan J Auerbach ◽

William G Gale ◽

Benjamin H Harris

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Great Recession ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Low Interest Rates ◽

The Many ◽

Monetary And Fiscal Policy

During and after the “Great Recession” that began in December 2007 the U.S. federal government enacted several rounds of activist fiscal policy. In this paper, we review the recent evolution of thinking and evidence regarding the effectiveness of activist fiscal policy. Although fiscal interventions aimed at stimulating and stabilizing the economy have returned to common use, their efficacy remains controversial. We review the debate about the traditional types of fiscal policy interventions, such as broad-based tax cuts and spending increases, as well as more targeted policies. While there have been improvements in estimates of the effects of broad-based policies, much of what has been learned recently concerns how such multipliers might vary with respect to economic conditions, such as the credit market disruptions and very low interest rates that were central features of the Great Recession. The eclectic and innovative interventions by the Federal Reserve and other central banks during this period highlight the imprecise divisions between monetary and fiscal policy and the many channels through which fiscal policies can be implemented.

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The Interaction of Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the Countries of the Visegrad Group

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201462020373 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 373-381

Author(s):

Jan Janků ◽

Stanislav Kappel

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

The Government ◽

Visegrad Group

Coordination of or at least absence of conflict between monetary and fiscal policies are key to the successful implementation of economic policy. The article aims to use reaction functions to assess whether the monetary and fiscal policies in the countries of the Visegrad Group are in coordination or in conflict and which variables influence their decisions. The central bank is the representative of monetary policy, which has interest rates as its instrument, and the government as the representative of the fiscal policy which has change revenue or spending as a share of GDP as instrument. To obtain the results, multivariate regression analysis is used. The research period is based on quarterly observations from first quarter of 2000 to the fourth quarter of 2012. Stabilizing role of monetary policy and in some countries also partially stabilizing role of fiscal policy has been found. Another result was that in the case of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, monetary policy appears to play the dominant role, whereas fiscal policy plays dominant role in Hungary. In the case of Slovakia, some different results may be due to Slovakia’s participation in ERM II, which led to the monetary policy, in addition to maintaining price stability, also aiming to maintain a fixed exchange rate and the subsequent entry of Slovakia into the Eurozone and the de facto loss of autonomous monetary policy.

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Evaluation of Fiscal Policy Effect of China’s Photovoltaic Industry

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2018-123 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gang AN ◽

Hang WANG

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Research And Development ◽

Operating Performance ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

Micro Data ◽

Policy Effect ◽

Policy Suggestions ◽

Asset Size ◽

The Empirical Analysis

To explore the role of fiscal policies in promoting the development of photovoltaic industry, the effects of financial subsidies on the development of China’s photovoltaic industry were analyzed by using the micro data of listed companies. The empirical analysis results in this study indicate that the fiscal policies represented by financial subsidies play a remarkable positive impetus function and financial subsidies are positively correlated with the operating performance of Photovoltaic enterprises. With larger the asset size and higher the Research and Development (R&D) investments, the operating performance of Photovoltaic enterprises is the better. Based on the above results, this study puts forward some policy suggestions on optimizing fiscal policy tools and further promoting the development of photovoltaic industry.

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DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

Jurnal Sosio Agribisnis ◽

10.33772/jsa.v1i1.1826 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

La Ode Jabuddin ◽

Ayub M Padangaran ◽

Azhar Bafadal Bafadal

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Simultaneous Equations ◽

Poor People ◽

Land Area ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Historical Simulation ◽

The Impact ◽

Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

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