Increasing Residual Wage Inequality: Composition Effects, Noisy Data, or Rising Demand for Skill?

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Noisy Data ◽  
Rotation Group ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Biased Technological Change ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Outgoing Rotation Group ◽  
Secular Increase

This paper shows that a large fraction of the 1973–2003 growth in residual wage inequality is due to composition effects linked to the secular increase in experience and education, two factors associated with higher within-group wage dispersion. The level and growth in residual wage inequality are also overstated in the March Current Population Survey (CPS) because, unlike the May or Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) CPS, it does not measure directly the hourly wages of workers paid by the hour. The magnitude and timing of the growth in residual wage inequality provide little evidence of a pervasive increase in the demand for skill due to skill-biased technological change.

Occupational Career Change and Gender Wage Inequality

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Rotation Group ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Wage Convergence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Outgoing Rotation Group ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Gender Wage Inequality

This article examines the relationship between the changing occupational careers of female wage earners and gender wage inequality. Using Current Population Survey-Merged Outgoing Rotation Group data, it assesses the effect on the gender wage gap of changes in the composition and price both of care-providing occupations that are culturally associated with female labor and of managerial and professional occupations that are not part of the care economy, over the period 1979 to 2015. It finds that the rapid entry of female workers into high-wage managerial occupations, and their exit from low-wage private household work, contributed to gender wage convergence. However, the wage-equalizing effects of occupational shifts and related behavioral changes diminish over time, and wage convergence ceases after 2007. It also finds that female workers continue to be disadvantaged by wage dispersion and that most of the remaining gender wage gap arises within occupations. The concluding sections discuss the findings and their implications for closing the wage gap.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the technology adoption in dairy agribusiness

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9221-9226
Author(s):  
Dursun Barrios ◽  
Fernando José Restrepo-Escobar ◽  
Mario Cerón-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Two Factors

The adoption of adequate technologies is essential to improve the performance of different kinds of companies. Although there is literature related to the adoption of technology in dairy agribusiness in developed countries, information about it is scarce in developing countries. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with the adoption of technology by dairy agribusiness. A structural analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the internal variables of Antioquia province farms, Colombia, and their technology adoption process. This process was explained by two factors: production-related variables and management-dependent traits. The variables resulting in the greatest impact were pasture improvement, genetics, administration, and technical procedures.

scholarly journals DIRECTED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: A KNOWLEDGE-BASED MODEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tailong Li ◽  
Shiyuan Pan ◽  
Heng-fu Zou
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Biased Technological Change ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Directed Technological Change

In a knowledge-based growth model where skilled workers are used in innovation and production, skill-biased technological change may lower average R&D productivity via an innovation possibilities frontier effect that eliminates scale effects. We show that skill-biased technological change increases the skill premium even if the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled workers is less than two. Trade between developed countries promotes skill-biased technological change, thus raising wage inequality. Trade between developed and developing countries has differing effects: it induces relatively skill-replacing technological change and lowers wage inequality in the developed country but has the opposite effects in the developing country. Finally, we show that trade can stimulate or hurt economic growth.

Factors Associated With Critical-Care Healthcare Workers' Adherence to Recommended Barrier Precautions During the Toronto Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shigayeva ◽  
K. Green ◽  
J. M. Raboud ◽  
B. Henry ◽  
A. E. Simor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Interactive Training ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Score Apache ◽  
Self Protection

Objective.To assess factors associated with adherence to recommended barrier precautions among healthcare workers (HCWs) providing care to critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Setting.Fifteen acute care hospitals in Ontario, CanadaDesign.Retrospective cohort study.Patients.All patients with SARS who required intubation during the Toronto SARS outbreak in 2003.Participants.HCWS who provided care to or entered the room of a SARS patient during the period from 24 hours before intubation until 4 hours after intubation.Methods.Standardized interviews were conducted with eligible HCWs to assess their interactions with the SARS patient, their use of barrier precautions, their practices for removing personal protective equipment, and the infection control training they received.Results.Of 879 eligible HCWs, 795 (90%) participated. In multivariate analysis, the following predictors of consistent adherence to recommended barrier precautions were identified: recognition of the patient as a SARS case (odds ratio [OR], 2.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.5-4.5); recent infection control training (OR for interactive training, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.7-4.4]; OR for passive training, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0-3.0]), and working in a SARS unit (OR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.8-8.9]) or intensive care unit (OR, 4.3 [95% CI, 2.0-9.0]). Two factors were associated with significantly lower rates of consistent adherence: the provision of care for patients with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores (OR for score APACHE II of 20 or greater, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.28-0.68]) and work on shifts that required more frequent room entry (OR for 6 or more entries per shift, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.32-0.86]).Conclusions.There were significant deficits in knowledge about self-protection that were partially corrected by education programs during the SARS outbreak. HCWs' adherence to self-protection guidelines was most closely associated with whether they provided care to patients who had received a definite diagnosis of SARS.

Factors associated with the prevalence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in West Virginia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Rogerson, BSc ◽  
Anthony Houston II, BA ◽  
Garrett Lyman, BS ◽  
Jenna Ogden, BS ◽  
Kevin Paschall, BS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Regional Treatment

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of problems associated with withdrawal symptoms of a newborn who was exposed to maternal opiate use while in the womb. West Virginia (WV) is of utmost concern as this state exhibits among the highest rates of opioid abuse and consequently, NAS. In this manuscript, we review factors associated with the prevalence of NAS in WV. We provide evidence suggesting that states exhibiting high Medicaid participation demonstrate a high NAS rate, further associating these two factors. Although a similar trend was observed in the substate geographic regions of WV, the presence of regional treatment facilities was negatively associated with NAS prevalence in WV, possibly suggesting that the establishment and utilization of more of these facilities may reduce NAS. Future research

Acute epiglottitis: analysis of factors associated with airway intervention

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Katori ◽  
Mamoru Tsukuda
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Acute Epiglottitis ◽  
Airway Intervention ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Two Factors

We reviewed acute epiglottitis (AE) and identified factors associated with airway intervention. This report was a retrospective review of patients with AE and compared with factors associated with airway intervention. We reviewed 96 patients who were diagnosed with AE in our hospitals in Japan. Ninety-two (96 per cent) patients were adults, and no seasonal variation in the incidence of AE was encountered. Eight (8 per cent) patients had tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation had not been done. We found that symptoms of stridor and muffled voice, a rapid clinical course, and diabetes mellitus were the factors associated with airway intervention. Extremely severe swelling of the epiglottis such that only less than half of the posterior vocal fold (scope classification (SC): III) could be seen, and extension of the swelling to the arytenoids (SC: B) were the two factors that were strongly associated with airway intervention.

Host effects on Romanomermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasites of snowpool Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2015-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Host Effects

Host effects on mermithid nematodes (Romanomermis sp.) were studied in four populations of snowpool Aedes spp. mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Wyoming. Two factors associated with nematode fitness, survival and adult size, were examined in relation to species and parasite load of the hosts. The proportion of entering parasites that successfully emerged from hosts was relatively high in Aedes impiger, Aedes increpitus, Aedes pullatus, and Aedes punctor, none of which produced melanotic encapsulations of parasites. Emergence success at all localities was lowest in Aedes nevadensis and Aedes hexodontus, species that commonly encapsulated nematodes. Proportionately fewer parasites were encapsulated per host as parasite load increased, and encapsulation by Ae. nevadensis and Ae. hexodontus occurred less frequently in populations in which these species constituted most of the available hosts. Mean adult lengths varied between populations but did not differ between postparasites from different mosquito species within the same site. Total volume of nematodes per host was independent of parasite load but size of individual parasites decreased with increasing parasite load. This suggests intraspecific competition for finite resources in superparasitized hosts.

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