scholarly journals Can War Foster Cooperation?

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Bauer ◽  
Christopher Blattman ◽  
Julie Chytilová ◽  
Joseph Henrich ◽  
Edward Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Persistent Pattern

In the past decade, nearly 20 studies have found a strong, persistent pattern in surveys and behavioral experiments from over 40 countries: individual exposure to war violence tends to increase social cooperation at the local level, including community participation and prosocial behavior. Thus while war has many negative legacies for individuals and societies, it appears to leave a positive legacy in terms of local cooperation and civic engagement. We discuss, synthesize, and reanalyze the emerging body of evidence and weigh alternative explanations. There is some indication that war violence enhances in-group or “parochial” norms and preferences especially, a finding that, if true, suggests that the rising social cohesion we document need not promote broader peace.

scholarly journals Assessing the Prospects of Transboundary Multihazard Dynamics: The Case of Bhotekoshi—Sunkoshi Watershed in Sino—Nepal Border Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Suraj Lamichhane ◽  
Komal Raj Aryal ◽  
Rocky Talchabhadel ◽  
Bhesh Raj Thapa ◽  
Rabindra Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transboundary Watersheds ◽  
Underlying Causes

The impacts of multihazards have become more pronounced over the past few decades globally. Multiple hazards and their cascading impacts claim enormous losses of lives, livelihoods, and built environment. This paradigm prompts integrated and multidisciplinary perspectives to identify, characterize, and assess the occurrence of multihazards and subsequently design countermeasures considering impending multihazard scenarios at the local level. To this end, we considered one of the most egregious transboundary watersheds, which is regarded as a multihazard hotspot of Nepal, to analyze the underlying causes and cascade scenarios of multihazards, and their associated impacts. In this paper, geophysical, hydrometeorological, and socioeconomic perspectives are formulated to characterize the watershed from the dimension of susceptibility to multihazard occurrence. To characterize the complex dynamics of transboundary multihazard occurrence, insights have been presented from both the Nepali and the Chinese sides. Individual case studies and the interrelation matrix between various natural hazards are also presented so as to depict multihazard consequences in the transboundary region. The sum of the observations highlights that the watershed is highly vulnerable to a single as well as multiple natural hazards that often switch to disasters.

Residential Satisfaction and Civic Engagement: Understanding the Causes of Community Participation

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Grillo ◽  
Miguel A. Teixeira ◽  
David C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Residential Satisfaction

scholarly journals Negotiating Roles and Routines in Collaborative Investigative Journalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Konow-Lund
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tax Haven ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Traditional Understanding ◽  
Media Company

Over the past two decades, the practice of investigative journalism has been reconstructed via the rise of journalistic networks around the world that have layered collaboration atop what had long been an individual pursuit. Among the recent successes of collaborative investigative journalism was the cross-border effort to expose the tax haven leaks that included the Panama Papers (2016). Due to such notable accomplishments, research on cross-border collaboration is increasing, but the ways in which this pooling of resources, time, and networks has impacted practice on a daily basis remain under-investigated. This article looks at how organizations and actors in emerging and legacy newsrooms are negotiating their routines and roles while developing new practices in investigative journalism. It uses three organizations as cases: Bristol Cable, a journalistic co-op operating at the community/local level; the Bureau Local, a local/national data-coordinating news desk; and <em>The Guardian</em>, a legacy media company that has long operated at the national/global level. This article finds that, in the transitions of traditional organizations and journalists and the emergence of new innovative organizations and non-journalistic actors, actors involved in collaborative investigative journalism deploy a language of justification regarding rules between the new and the old. It also finds that concepts such as coordination are part of this negotiation, and that knowledge and knowledge generation are taking place within a traditional understanding of journalism, as the “new” is normalized over time.

scholarly journals Community Participation in Decentralized Management of Natural Resources in the Southern Region of Mali

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse Umutoni ◽  
Augustine Ayantunde ◽  
Matthew Turner ◽  
Germain J. Sawadogo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Decentralized Governance ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Study Sites

<p class="1Body">Decentralized governance of natural resources is considered one of the key strategies for promoting sustainable management of natural resources at local level. Effective decentralized natural resource management requires strong local natural resource institutions. Therefore, strengthening local institutions governing the management of natural resources is one of the core principles of decentralization reforms in Francophone West Africa countries. This study assessed the existing local institutions (rules, norms and or local conventions) governing the management of natural resources and forms of community participation in the development of these natural resource institutions. Our findings showed significant variation within the study sites regarding the level of knowledge of existing local rules and norms governing the management of natural resources by the respondents. Results showed that the level of knowledge of local conventions was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in the district of Bougouni than in the district of Koutiala (a score of 3.16 compared to 1.70 on a scale of 0 to 4).This study shows also that participation was dominated by a small group of individuals, often community leaders and elites. The results suggest that women are marginalized. Presently, the big challenge that faces the institutions governing natural resource use in the study area is the system of representativeness in the community in the development of local rules and norms as community leaders and household heads often dominate, which does not encourage active participation of community members. Therefore, for effective implementation of local natural resource institutions, the interest of key natural resource users should be taken into account. It is also important to promote rules and norms that attempt to protect or strengthen women’s access to natural resources in the community.</p>

Electronic switching for trunk systems

1978 ◽  
Vol 289 (1356) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Program Control ◽  
Telecommunication Service ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Local Systems ◽  
Electronic Switching ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Services

The past decade has seen the worldwide introduction of electronic switching with stored program control. Initially the application of this new technology was in local exchanges but today electronic systems are being introduced into trunk systems as well. One of the latest applications is No. 4 E.S.S., a very large trunk switch. This system, in combination with local systems such as No. 1 E.S.S. and new signalling arrangements, offers major innovations in telecommunication service. The introduction of stored program electronic switching at the local level in the Bell System has led to literally hundreds of new services and features being made available and many more being developed or planned. With stored program control and new signalling arrangements in the connecting trunk systems, the door is opened to both extending the local services and introducing totally new services. These trends are discussed along with examples of possible services. Finally, the effects on development, manufacture, administration, and the customer are reviewed.

scholarly journals Industrial strategy and local economic development: The case of the foundry industry in Ekurhuleni Metro

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Phele ◽  
S Roberts ◽  
I Steuart
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Foundry Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Concrete Action

This  article explores the challenges for the development of manufacturing through a case study of the foundry industry in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality. Ekurhuleni Metro covers the largest concentration in South Africa, but the industry’s performance has been poor over the past decade.  The findings reported here highlight the need to understand firm decisions around investment, technology and skills, and the role of local economic linkages in this regard.  The differing performance of foundries strongly supports the need to develop concrete action plans and effective institutions at local level to support the development of local agglomerations.

Understanding Latinx Civic Engagement in a New Immigrant Gateway

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Claire Schuch ◽  
Ligia M. Vasquez-Huot ◽  
Wendy Mateo-Pascual
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Charitable Organization ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Documentation Status

The U.S. South has experienced rapid Latinx growth; yet, little is known about how Latinx residents are civically integrating into new communities. This article explores whether, where, and why Latinx in Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina, are civically engaged. Participants in a Latino Civic Engagement Project conducted 382 surveys with fellow Latinx residents in a county with Latinx growth rates over 1,800% from 1990 to 2014. Among respondents, 58.5% had volunteered in the past year and 47.0% were members of a faith-based or charitable organization. Household income, educational attainment, and English proficiency were most strongly correlated with civic engagement ( r = .456, r = .453, and r = .464, respectively). The main reason for engagement was the betterment of the Latinx community. Main barriers were lack of information (37.1%), limited time (17.2%), disinterest (7.8%), and documentation status (4.3%). Findings can shape conversations about Latinx engagement in ways that include, but go beyond, voting and political representation.

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