Development and Application of Horticultural Kit for Children’s Horticulture Education

Background and objective: For effective horticultural education, it is required to develop kits for practice. In this study, we developed a horticultural kit for germination that introduces storytelling, characterization, and assembly, and investigated the educational effects of using it to study its educational differentiation and usefulness.Methods: First, we developed a seed germination kit for learning. It consists of three components: the kit main frame for hydroponics, the activity sheet for storytelling, and the instruction manual. It is made into an acrylic assembly in consideration of the ease of delivery for contactless learning. Second, we developed two programs, each using a germination kit for horticultural education (experimental group) and a general germination kit program (control group). At this time, the class consists of pre-questionnaire, the 1st and 2nd classes, observation log writing (total six times for two weeks), the 3rd class, and post-questionnaire. The experimental group and control group were separately executed. Third, the application results were compared and analyzed before and after class. As a quantification questionnaire, the effects before and after class were compared through t-test with a questionnaire on program satisfaction and attitude change toward plants. The quantitative results were analyzed through observation activity sheets and effects before and after the class were analyzed through t-test with quantification and language coding.Results: The effect of horticulture education using the developed kit was estimated by a quantification questionnaire. Both the program satisfaction and the change in attitude toward plants showed high in the experimental group, and this difference was statistically significant (p < .05). As a result of analyzing the observation paper with a qualitative questionnaire, various cognitive and affective expressions appeared in the experimental group as well as the contents of the observation paper. The number of syllables and various qualitative expressions appeared, and these differences were also statistically significant (p < .05).Conclusion: Compared to general germination activities, it was found that the germination activities using storytelling-based horticultural kits would be effective for contactless classes in the post-COVID-19 era and in increasing the educational effect of horticultural activities.

Controlled Positive Dynamic Systems with an Entropy Operator: Fundamentals of the Theory and Applications

Controlled dynamic systems with an entropy operator (DSEO) are considered. Mathematical models of such systems were used to study the dynamic properties in demo-economic systems, the spatiotemporal evolution of traffic flows, recurrent procedures for restoring images from projections, etc. Three problems of the study of DSEO are considered: the existence and uniqueness of singular points and the influence of control on them; stability in “large” of the singular points; and optimization of program control with linear feedback. The theorems of existence, uniqueness, and localization of singular points are proved using the properties of equations with monotone operators and the method of linear majorants of the entropy operator. The theorem on asymptotic stability of the DSEO in “large” is proven using differential inequalities. Methods for the synthesis of quasi-optimal program control and linear feedback control with integral quadratic quality functional, and ensuring the existence of a nonzero equilibrium, were developed. A recursive method for solving the integral equations of the DSEO using the multidimensional functional power series and the multidimensional Laplace transform was developed. The problem of managing regional foreign direct investment is considered, the distribution of flows is modeled by the corresponding DSEO. It is shown that linear feedback control is a more effective tool than program control.

FORMATION OF GRAPHIC COMPETENCE OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION SEEKERS BY MEANS OF COMPUTER-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES

The role of graphic competence in the training process of future teachers of labor education and technology has been substantiated in this article. Examples of students' use of the acquired knowledge in Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics in further educational and practical activities have been established. There are reading drawings of products (parts) for their manufacture; design and execution of graphic images of products (parts); development of a logical sequence of the technological process for the manufacture of the product; designing a garment pattern, etc. The growing role of machines with digital program control (DPC) is taken into account and the role of graphic representation of the part (product) in digital format for their manufacture on such machines is also investigated. It is proposed to provide the emphasized training of students to perform drawings of parts (products) by means of graphic editors with the prospect of their manufacture on machines with DPC. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of preparation of future teachers of labor education and technology to perform drawings of product details in graphic editors with the subsequent manufacture of these objects on machines with digital program control. The peculiarities of training students in Computer Graphics at Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University during studying of disciplines «Descriptive Geometry, Drawings and Computer Graphics», «Computer Graphics and Multimedia» have been analyzed. It is determined that students are not able to fully master Computer Graphics due to the lack of hours and the large number of commands and functions that are provided by such computer programs. It is proposed to enhance the preparation of students for mastering computer graphics through the independent implementation of students' drawings of product details using a graphic program in extracurricular time in the form of an individual educational research tasks (IERT). The expediency of making drawings of product parts by means of a graphic program with their subsequent manufacture by a machine with digital program control (DPC) has been substantiated. Plywood is proposed as a construction material for the design of the products by means of graphic editors with the subsequent manufacturing by machines with DPC. The structure of IERT is proposed: to make drawings of details of a product according to the instruction; provide a “photo report” of the sequence of drawings according to the instructions with a short description; to change the design of the product based on the knowledge and skills formed by making drawings according to the instructions. An example of IERT instructions for students is given. It involves the use of KOMPAS-3D. The phone stand is considered as a sample of performance by students for IERT.

Rancang Bangun Teknologi Automatic Surface Treatmen Untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Jalan Rel Kereta Api

Batang rel berfungsi sebagai penahan berat beban dari rangkaian kereta api yang berjalan diatasnya. Berat yang besar pada rangkaian dapat mengakibatkan gesekan dan keausan yang berlebihan sehingga dibutuhkan permukaan rel yang keras dan tahan terhadap keausan. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah rancang bangun prototype alat yang berfungsi sebagai upaya meningkatkan ketahanan pada permukaan jalan rel kereta api. Metode yang digunakan pada konsep penelitian ini dengan teori flame hardening yaitu dengan pemanasan rel kereta api menggunakan gas oxy-asetilen kemudian dilakukan quenching secara cepat untuk meningkatkan kekerasan pada permukaan rel kereta api. Pembuatan prototype dimulai dengan perancangan hardware yang meliputi alat Surface Treatment dan perancangan perangkat software program control automatic. Hasil prototype dilakukan uji fungsi keberhasilan alat yang dapat dioperasikan dengan baik menggunakan mode manual dengan kecepatan maksimal 0.1 m/s dan mode otomatis 0.08 m/s.