scholarly journals College Admission with Multidimensional Privileges: The Brazilian Affirmative Action Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Orhan Aygün ◽  
Inácio Bó
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
College Admission ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Majority Students ◽  
The One ◽  
Action Case ◽  
Incentive Compatible Mechanism

In 2012, Brazilian public universities were mandated to use affirmative action policies for candidates from racial and income minorities. We show that the policy makes the students’ affirmative action status a strategic choice and may reject high-achieving minority students while admitting low-achieving majority students. Empirical data shows evidence consistent with this type of unfairness in more than 49 percent of the programs. We propose a selection criterion and an incentive-compatible mechanism that, for a wider range of similar problems and the one in Brazil in particular, is fair and removes any gain from strategizing over the privileges claimed. (JEL I23, O15, I28, J15, D82, H52)

scholarly journals An Alternative Promotion Time Cure Model with Overdispersed Number of Competing Causes: An Application to Melanoma Data

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Diego I. Gallardo ◽  
Mário de Castro ◽  
Héctor W. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Em Algorithm ◽  
Competing Causes ◽  
The One

A cure rate model under the competing risks setup is proposed. For the number of competing causes related to the occurrence of the event of interest, we posit the one-parameter Bell distribution, which accommodates overdispersed counts. The model is parameterized in the cure rate, which is linked to covariates. Parameter estimation is based on the maximum likelihood method. Estimates are computed via the EM algorithm. In order to compare different models, a selection criterion for non-nested models is implemented. Results from simulation studies indicate that the estimation method and the model selection criterion have a good performance. A dataset on melanoma is analyzed using the proposed model as well as some models from the literature.

Effects of Didactic Teaching on Canadian Cross-Cultural Sensitivity

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 801-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Minority Students ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Didactic Teaching ◽  
Majority Students ◽  
The Cross

Over an 11-week course on multiculturalism in Canada, scores on the Cross-Cultural Sensitivity Scale for 16 students did not change. Also, no significant differences were found between 6 minority students and 10 majority students at pre- or at posttest.

After Kalanke and Marschall: Affirming Affirmative Action

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Reverse Discrimination ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advocate General ◽  
Affirmative Action Policy ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Action Case

Is it legitimate to use discriminatory policies to achieve equality? As official support for reverse discrimination or affirmative action policies becomes more common among member states of the European Union, so does the potential for legal challenge. Yet no clear answer has yet been given by the European Court of Justice. The controversial European Court of Justice decision in Kalanke, striking down an affirmative action policy, was followed only two years later by that in Marschall, which signalled a significant change in approach to affirmative action policies. This change of attitude is likely to be tested in a variety of different ways in the near future. The next affirmative action case, Badeck, is now awaiting the opinion of the Advocate General, and a Swedish case is waiting in the wings. Both these cases are likely to take the Court into far stormier waters than those already traversed in Kalanke and Marschall.

Affirmative action quotas in Brazilian higher education

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyusyena Kirakosyan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Low Income ◽  
White Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disadvantaged Populations ◽  
Brazilian Case

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to address its drastic socioeconomic inequality and to compel its higher education institutions to diversify significantly while democratizing access to those schools. Brazil recently passed a sweeping affirmative action law requiring its public universities to reserve half of their available spots for low-income and non-White students. This article examines the underlying assumptions and implications of Brazil’s adoption of affirmative-action quotas for higher education. Design/methodology/approach – The article offers comparative analysis of Brazil’s efforts with the experiences with quota and diversity policies in higher education in other countries. Findings – It can be contended that, while the recent quota law in Brazil represents an important step in addressing socioeconomic and political inequalities, the measure is too limited in scope to empower historically disadvantaged populations and diminish future inequalities confronting these populations. This article concludes by underscoring the importance of efforts to develop a more comprehensive framing of affirmative action and diversity policies in Brazil’s higher education, along with a simultaneous reform of public secondary education in the nation. Originality/value – The article considers experiences with educational quotas in other countries and draws some useful comparisons and parallels to the Brazilian case.

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