scholarly journals Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in the United States than in Europe?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Chen ◽  
Emily Oster ◽  
Heidi Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Differential Reporting

The United States has higher infant mortality than peer countries. In this paper, we combine microdata from the United States with similar data from four European countries to investigate this US infant mortality disadvantage. The US disadvantage persists after adjusting for potential differential reporting of births near the threshold of viability. While the importance of birth weight varies across comparison countries, relative to all comparison countries the United States has similar neonatal (<1 month) mortality but higher postneonatal (1–12 months) mortality. We document similar patterns across census divisions within the United States. The postneonatal mortality disadvantage is driven by poor birth outcomes among lower socioeconomic status individuals. (JEL I12, I14, I32, J14)

NEEDED: Grassroots Leaders to Lead Systems Change Efforts that Reduce Infant Mortality

2020 ◽  
pp. 016059762096974
Author(s):  
Nathan Marquam ◽  
Ashley Irby ◽  
Nancy Swigonski ◽  
Kara Casavan ◽  
Jack Turman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Grassroots Movements ◽  
Reduce Infant Mortality ◽  
Reduction Strategies

The death of an infant devastates a mother, family and community. The United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates among the world’s high income nations. Infant mortality is a key indicator of a population’s health and societal well-being, yet interventions aimed at improving societal well-being are rarely a priority when devising infant mortality reduction strategies. Historically, grassroots movements have been critical in advancing social change to improve women’s health and empowerment in marginalized communities. Understanding strategic and infrastructure elements of these grassroots movements is a critical first step to efficiently growing USA grassroots movements to address social systems associated with poor birth outcomes. We provide an analysis of the diverse array of grassroots structures and strategies utilized to improve maternal and child health outcomes. It is time for grassroots movements to form and be recognized as vital players in efforts to sustainably reduce infant mortality in the United States. It is essential to foster grassroots leaders and movements that improve long standing social structures that contribute to poor birth outcomes. The personal and community knowledge of these leaders and community members are desperately needed to save women and infants in our nation.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The introduction lays out what we know about the social context of schizophrenia from the epidemiological literature: that risk of schizophrenia is particularly high for immigrants from predominantly dark-skinned countries to Europe; that risk increases with lower socioeconomic status at birth and even at parent’s birth; that risk increases with urban dwelling and seems to increase the longer time is spent in cities; that risk increases as ethnic density in the neighborhood declines. The chapter presents a history of the way schizophrenia has been understood in the United States, and the diagnostic complexities of serious psychotic disorder. It then discusses what ethnographers have observed so far about the social conditions which may shape the experience of psychosis: the local cultural interpretation of mental illness; the role and presence of the family; the structure of work; and the basic social environment. This becomes the ground for our case studies.

scholarly journals Double Whammy for Older Smokers: Marginalized by Tobacco Control and Valued by the Tobacco Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine K. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Disparity ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Tobacco Addiction

In the last 20 years, the United States has made stunning progress reducing the rate of adult smoking. However, the smallest reduction is among older adults. Compared to younger smokers, older smokers are more likely to be lower socioeconomic status (SES), have several tobacco related comorbidities, and are less likely to be treated for tobacco addiction yet, in tobacco policy, they are not considered a marginalized group. The tobacco industry’s interest in older smokers contrasts with the lack of interest shown by tobacco control. A double whammy is a set of two bad events or situations that have an effect at the same time. The purposes of this article are to use the health disparity paradigm to (a) discuss the “double whammy” of marginalization by tobacco control and valuation by the tobacco industry on the health of older smokers and (b) provide strategies to promote health equity for older smokers.

Statistics and Swedish `Sambos'

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-882
Author(s):  
STEVEN R. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
The Us

To the Editor.— I read with interest Myron E. Wegman's comments about infant mortality in Sweden in "Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1991" (Pediatrics. 1992;90:835-845). It is necessary to understand a major difference between Sweden and the United States that renders Swedish statistics on out-of-wedlock birth irrelevant to the US statistics. The vast majority of children born out-of-wedlock in Sweden are nevertheless born into a stable two-parent family; many Sweden simply choose to live together without being married.

Prayer for Health Among U.S. Adults: The 2002 National Health Interview Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny A. Bell ◽  
Cynthia Suerken ◽  
Sara A. Quandt ◽  
Joseph G. Grzywacz ◽  
Wei Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Alternative Health ◽  
Health Interview Survey ◽  
Health Interview ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Interview Survey

Data for the United States is limited on prayer for health, including associations with other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities. The 2002 National Health Interview Survey and Alternative Health Supplement data were examined for associations between prayer for health and demographic, health, and CAM use characteristics. Forty-five percent of adults reported some form of prayer for health. Use of prayer for health was associated with increasing age, ethnic minority status, lower socioeconomic status, southern/midwestern U.S. region, poorer health, and use of most forms of CAM. These data provide information about prayer for health in the United States. Further research could examine associations between prayer for health and healthrelated decisions, behaviors, and outcomes.

scholarly journals Contemporary female smokers in the us are younger and of lower socioeconomic status

Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Jarvie ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Caitlin E. Johnson ◽  
JoAnne M. Foody
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us

Statistics and Swedish `Sambos'

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-882
Author(s):  
MYRON E. WEGMAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Stability ◽  
The Us ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Opposite Sex

In Reply.— Family stability has a strong influence on infant mortality. Dr Allen has a valid point in drawing attention to the differences between Sweden and the United States. On the other hand, quantifying such differences is not easy. There is evidence that the US too has a significant number of couples living together without a marriage certificate. indeed, the Census Bureau, beginning with the 1980 census, I believe, introduced the term POSSLQ "person of opposite sex sharing living quarters" as an alternative to single or married.

scholarly journals Analysis of Class-as-Race and Gender Ideology in the US Young Adult Sports Novel Racing Savannah (2013)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Rocío Riestra-Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Adolescent Readers ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender

Equine fiction is an established genre in the English juvenile literary canon. Current works in the field appeal to adolescent readers thanks to their interface between classic motifs of vintage and contemporary forms of equine narratives. Performing a close reading of selected passages in Miranda Kenneally’s Racing Savannah (2013), this paper acknowledges how this novel is a revitalization and a challenge to this pattern. Savannah, who is more gifted than her companions, is subordinate to the decisions of the junior of the household where she works. Jack Goodwin, the protagonist’s romantic lead, educated in a neocolonialist background of male jockeying, becomes Savannah’s marker of difference according to her sex and lower socioeconomic status, which lay at the root of her later racialization despite her being a white character. My analysis attempts to expose how these difficulties encountered by the protagonist to become a professional jockey articulate past and present constraints of the horse-racing ladder.

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