scholarly journals Double Whammy for Older Smokers: Marginalized by Tobacco Control and Valued by the Tobacco Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine K. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Disparity ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Tobacco Addiction

In the last 20 years, the United States has made stunning progress reducing the rate of adult smoking. However, the smallest reduction is among older adults. Compared to younger smokers, older smokers are more likely to be lower socioeconomic status (SES), have several tobacco related comorbidities, and are less likely to be treated for tobacco addiction yet, in tobacco policy, they are not considered a marginalized group. The tobacco industry’s interest in older smokers contrasts with the lack of interest shown by tobacco control. A double whammy is a set of two bad events or situations that have an effect at the same time. The purposes of this article are to use the health disparity paradigm to (a) discuss the “double whammy” of marginalization by tobacco control and valuation by the tobacco industry on the health of older smokers and (b) provide strategies to promote health equity for older smokers.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The introduction lays out what we know about the social context of schizophrenia from the epidemiological literature: that risk of schizophrenia is particularly high for immigrants from predominantly dark-skinned countries to Europe; that risk increases with lower socioeconomic status at birth and even at parent’s birth; that risk increases with urban dwelling and seems to increase the longer time is spent in cities; that risk increases as ethnic density in the neighborhood declines. The chapter presents a history of the way schizophrenia has been understood in the United States, and the diagnostic complexities of serious psychotic disorder. It then discusses what ethnographers have observed so far about the social conditions which may shape the experience of psychosis: the local cultural interpretation of mental illness; the role and presence of the family; the structure of work; and the basic social environment. This becomes the ground for our case studies.

Prayer for Health Among U.S. Adults: The 2002 National Health Interview Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny A. Bell ◽  
Cynthia Suerken ◽  
Sara A. Quandt ◽  
Joseph G. Grzywacz ◽  
Wei Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Alternative Health ◽  
Health Interview Survey ◽  
Health Interview ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Interview Survey

Data for the United States is limited on prayer for health, including associations with other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities. The 2002 National Health Interview Survey and Alternative Health Supplement data were examined for associations between prayer for health and demographic, health, and CAM use characteristics. Forty-five percent of adults reported some form of prayer for health. Use of prayer for health was associated with increasing age, ethnic minority status, lower socioeconomic status, southern/midwestern U.S. region, poorer health, and use of most forms of CAM. These data provide information about prayer for health in the United States. Further research could examine associations between prayer for health and healthrelated decisions, behaviors, and outcomes.

scholarly journals Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in the United States than in Europe?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Chen ◽  
Emily Oster ◽  
Heidi Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Differential Reporting

The United States has higher infant mortality than peer countries. In this paper, we combine microdata from the United States with similar data from four European countries to investigate this US infant mortality disadvantage. The US disadvantage persists after adjusting for potential differential reporting of births near the threshold of viability. While the importance of birth weight varies across comparison countries, relative to all comparison countries the United States has similar neonatal (<1 month) mortality but higher postneonatal (1–12 months) mortality. We document similar patterns across census divisions within the United States. The postneonatal mortality disadvantage is driven by poor birth outcomes among lower socioeconomic status individuals. (JEL I12, I14, I32, J14)

scholarly journals Informing iQOS Regulations in the United States: A Synthesis of What We Know

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Berg ◽  
Yael Bar-Zeev ◽  
Hagai Levine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
The U.S

The tobacco industry offers various products, including heated tobacco products (HTPs). Philip Morris International’s (PMI) “iQOS” has the greatest HTP market share, as well as research on its use and impact. iQOS was released in 2014 and is now in more than 40 countries. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced permission for PMI to sell iQOS in the United States in April 2019, and iQOS was launched in October 2019. Decisions pending its modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application will occur subsequently. The U.S. regulatory efforts regarding iQOS could be informed by examining (a) Philip Morris USA other product marketing efforts and (b) the iQOS market in countries where it is available. This article briefly addresses these two points with extant literature and suggests that future research should address important gaps in what is currently known, including strategic international collaborations and research, which historically has been critical for advancing tobacco control globally.

Weight Identity Among Older Adults in the United States: Genetic and Environmental Influences

2018 ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
Robbee Wedow ◽  
Daniel A. Briley ◽  
Susan E. Short ◽  
Jason Boardman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Midlife Adults

This chapter uses twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study to investigate the genetic and environmental influences on perceived weight status for midlife adults. The inquiry builds on previous work investigating the same phenomenon in adolescents, and it shows that perceived weight status is not only heritable, but also heritable beyond objective weight. Subjective assessment of physical weight is independent of one’s physical weight and described as “weight identity.” Importantly, significant differences are shown in the heritability of weight identity among men and women. The chapter ends by discussing the potential relevance of these findings for broader social identity research.

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