Protective role of superoxide dismutase in rat eustachian tubal mucosa against acute otitis media induced by upper respiratory tract infection

Superoxide dismutase has been known to play a role as an anti – oxidative system against oxidative injury during acute inflammation. To investigate the role of superoxide dismutase in eustachian tubal mucosa during acute otitis media (AOM), an animal model was made. Sprague – Dawley rats were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae through the nasal cavity following development of virus – induced upper respiratory infection. The animals were divided into three groups according to their tympanic cavity conditions following bacterial inoculation; inoculated animals with no resultant AOM (no – AOM), animals with resultant AOM (AOM) and animals with resolving otitis media (recovery). The changes of superoxide dismutase in each tubal mucosa were compared with that of the normal control using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting methods. On Western blot, there were little changes of optical density and surface area in no-AOM (213.5. ± .22.4, 13.2. ± .0.8.mm2) and recovery group (219.3. ± .18.7, 14.8. ± .0.7 mm2) compared to the normal control (223.5 ± 26.2, 16.7 ± 0.4 mm2). However, a marked decrease was found in the AOM model (167.6. ± .19.3, 6.5. ± .0.9 mm2). These findings suggest that superoxide dismutase may play a role in protecting tubal mucosa from free radical injury during AOM.

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Role of Human Bocavirus in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Acute Otitis Media

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ◽

10.1093/jpids/pit061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 98-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. Nokso-Koivisto ◽

R. B. Pyles ◽

A. L. Miller ◽

K. Jennings ◽

M. Loeffelholz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Human Bocavirus ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

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Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22157868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 7868

Author(s):

Su Young Jung ◽

Dokyoung Kim ◽

Dong Choon Park ◽

Sung Soo Kim ◽

Tong In Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Upper Respiratory

Otitis media is mainly caused by upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube dysfunction. If external upper respiratory tract infection is not detected early in the middle ear, or an appropriate immune response does not occur, otitis media can become a chronic state or complications may occur. Therefore, given the important role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the early response to external antigens, we surveyed the role of TLRs in otitis media. To summarize the role of TLR in otitis media, we reviewed articles on the expression of TLRs in acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. Many studies showed that TLRs 1–10 are expressed in AOM, OME, COM with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. TLR expression in the normal middle ear mucosa is absent or weak, but is increased in inflammatory fluid of AOM, effusion of OME, and granulation tissue and cholesteatoma of COM. In addition, TLRs show increased or decreased expression depending on the presence or absence of bacteria, recurrence of disease, tissue type, and repeated surgery. In conclusion, expression of TLRs is associated with otitis media. Inappropriate TLR expression, or delayed or absent induction, are associated with the occurrence, recurrence, chronicization, and complications of otitis media. Therefore, TLRs are very important in otitis media and closely related to its etiology.

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HOME MONITORING OF THE MIDDLE EAR SYSTEM WITH SPECTRAL GRADIENT ACOUSTIC REFLECTOMETRY: DISTINGUISHING ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA FROM UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/00006454-200004000-00023 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 360-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elizabeth D. Barnett ◽

Howard J. Cabral ◽

Jerome O. Klein

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Home Monitoring ◽

Upper Respiratory Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory

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SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.15.3.334 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 334-336

Author(s):

Sidney S. Samuels

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Air Travel ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Secretory Otitis Media ◽

Upper Respiratory Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory Infections ◽

Sense Of Security ◽

Upper Respiratory

THE DIAGNOSIS of non-suppurative, secretory otitis media has been made much more frequently in recent years than it was prior to 1950. This increase has been noticed in children many more times than in adults, as pointed out by Robison and Nicholas. The disease is much more commonly found because of increased vigilance some otologists believe, as does Suehs, since the entity was reviewed and clarified by the brilliant work of Hoople in that year. However, there are undoubtedly other factors contributing to the greater incidence of this entity, such as the increased use of antibiotics in upper respiratory infections, including otitis media; an increase in the number of so-called virus infections; the greater prevalence of allergic diathesis; increased air travel; and, as Lindsay states, the swing of time pendulum toward extreme conservatism in recommending removal of tonsils and adenoids, a tendency resulting partly from a sense of security afforded by antibiotic therapy. The condition has received more of the attention it merits lately from that group of practitioners who are first in contact with the patients, namely the pediatrician and general practitioner who attend the acutely ill child. For usually the actual onset of the illness is acute, an otitis media occurring during an acute upper respiratory infection or as an acute otitis media following such an illness. The former need not even reach the stage where it is definitely recognized, its progress being halted by the antibiotic treatment administered. The attention of the attending physiciain is focused upon the middle ear in the younger child, either by the presence of pain in the affected ear, or by the abnormal appearance of the tympanic membrane, or both.

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