scholarly journals Lactate dehydrogenase as a marker of nasopharyngeal inflammatory injury during viral upper respiratory infection: implications for acute otitis media

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Ede ◽  
James O’Brien ◽  
Tasnee Chonmaitree ◽  
Yimei Han ◽  
Janak A. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Inflammatory Injury ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Intranasal fluticasone propionate does not prevent acute otitis media during viral upper respiratory infection in children

2000 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Ruohola ◽  
Terho Heikkinen ◽  
Matti Waris ◽  
Tuomo Puhakka ◽  
Olli Ruuskanen
Keyword(s):  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
Sidney S. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Upper Respiratory

THE DIAGNOSIS of non-suppurative, secretory otitis media has been made much more frequently in recent years than it was prior to 1950. This increase has been noticed in children many more times than in adults, as pointed out by Robison and Nicholas. The disease is much more commonly found because of increased vigilance some otologists believe, as does Suehs, since the entity was reviewed and clarified by the brilliant work of Hoople in that year. However, there are undoubtedly other factors contributing to the greater incidence of this entity, such as the increased use of antibiotics in upper respiratory infections, including otitis media; an increase in the number of so-called virus infections; the greater prevalence of allergic diathesis; increased air travel; and, as Lindsay states, the swing of time pendulum toward extreme conservatism in recommending removal of tonsils and adenoids, a tendency resulting partly from a sense of security afforded by antibiotic therapy. The condition has received more of the attention it merits lately from that group of practitioners who are first in contact with the patients, namely the pediatrician and general practitioner who attend the acutely ill child. For usually the actual onset of the illness is acute, an otitis media occurring during an acute upper respiratory infection or as an acute otitis media following such an illness. The former need not even reach the stage where it is definitely recognized, its progress being halted by the antibiotic treatment administered. The attention of the attending physiciain is focused upon the middle ear in the younger child, either by the presence of pain in the affected ear, or by the abnormal appearance of the tympanic membrane, or both.

Protective role of superoxide dismutase in rat eustachian tubal mucosa against acute otitis media induced by upper respiratory tract infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Soo Lee ◽  
Jeong-Soo Woo ◽  
Soon-Jae Hwang ◽  
Hyun-Ho Lim ◽  
Han-Kyu Suh
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Superoxide dismutase has been known to play a role as an anti – oxidative system against oxidative injury during acute inflammation. To investigate the role of superoxide dismutase in eustachian tubal mucosa during acute otitis media (AOM), an animal model was made. Sprague – Dawley rats were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae through the nasal cavity following development of virus – induced upper respiratory infection. The animals were divided into three groups according to their tympanic cavity conditions following bacterial inoculation; inoculated animals with no resultant AOM (no – AOM), animals with resultant AOM (AOM) and animals with resolving otitis media (recovery). The changes of superoxide dismutase in each tubal mucosa were compared with that of the normal control using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting methods. On Western blot, there were little changes of optical density and surface area in no-AOM (213.5. ± .22.4, 13.2. ± .0.8.mm2) and recovery group (219.3. ± .18.7, 14.8. ± .0.7 mm2) compared to the normal control (223.5 ± 26.2, 16.7 ± 0.4 mm2). However, a marked decrease was found in the AOM model (167.6. ± .19.3, 6.5. ± .0.9 mm2). These findings suggest that superoxide dismutase may play a role in protecting tubal mucosa from free radical injury during AOM.

Care Provided by VA Mobile Clinic Staff During Northridge Earthquake Relief

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weiss ◽  
Linda Weiss ◽  
David Teeter ◽  
Jane Geraci
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Clinic Staff ◽  
Acute Conditions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Mobile Clinics

AbstractIntroduction:From 25 January 1994 to 02 February 1994, staff aboard four Veterans Affairs Mobile Clinics treated Northridge Earthquake victims. This study examined the types of conditions treated by Clinic staff during the disaster.Methods:A descriptive case series using 1,123 ambulatory encounter forms was undertaken. Case-mix was assessed by classifying diagnoses into 120 possible diagnostic clusters.Results:Forty-five percent of patients were infants or children and 60% were female. The primary diagnoses were characterize by acute conditions: 1) upper respiratory infection (34.6%); 2) stress reactions (11.9%); 3) otitis media (10.1%); and injuries (8%). Two-thirds of the infants and children either had an upper respiratory infection (46.4%) or otitis media (20.1%). Increasing age indicated an increased likelihood of stress and anxiety reactions.Conclusion:The results provide additional information for agencies involved in planning for and responding to disasters. Based on the types of conditions diagnosed at the United States Veterans' Administration mobile clinics (i.e., a high prevalence of acute conditions, including stress and anxiety reactions, and the large numbers of children), staff trained in primary care, mental health, and pediatrics should be considered for relief missions that begin several days after an event resulting in a disaster.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae burden and nasopharyngeal inflammation during acute otitis media

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Morris ◽  
Michael E Pichichero
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Nasal Wash ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common respiratory pathogen and a frequent cause of acute otitis media (AOM) in children. The first step in bacterial pathogenesis of AOM is the establishment of asymptomatic colonization in the nasopharynx. We studied Spn bacterial burden in conjunction with neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory gene transcription and cytokine secretion in samples of nasal wash collected from normal and otitis-prone children during health, viral upper respiratory infection without middle ear involvement (URI) and AOM. We found no significant associations between otitis-prone status and any of the measured parameters. However, Spn bacterial burden was significantly correlated with neutrophil recruitment, transcription of IL-8, TNF-α and SOD2, and secretion of TNF-α. We also found that transcription of IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA by neutrophils was significantly correlated with the secretion of these cytokines into the nasopharynx. We conclude that Spn bacterial burden in the NP is a major determinant of neutrophil recruitment to the NP and activity during URI and AOM, and that neutrophils are contributors to the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α in the NP when the Spn burden is high.

Do Children Who Experience Laryngospasm Have an Increased Risk of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection?

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480. ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Schreiner ◽  
Irene O'Hara ◽  
Dorothea A. Markakis ◽  
George D. Politis
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Airway Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background Laryngospasm is the most frequently reported respiratory complication associated with upper respiratory infection and general anesthesia in retrospective studies, but prospective studies have failed to demonstrate any increase in risk. Methods A case-control study was performed to examine whether children with laryngospasm were more likely to have an upper respiratory infection on the day of surgery. The parents of all patients (N = 15,183) who were admitted through the day surgery unit were asked if their child had an active or recent (within 2 weeks of surgery) upper respiratory infection and were questioned about specific signs and symptoms to determine if the child met Tait and Knight's definition of an upper respiratory infection. Control subjects were randomly selected from patients whose surgery had occurred within 1 day of the laryngospasm event. Results Patients who developed laryngospasm (N = 123) were 2.05 times (95% confidence interval 1.21-3.45) more likely to have an active upper respiratory infection as defined by their parents than the 492 patients in the control group (P < or = 0.01). The development of laryngospasm was not related to Tait and Knight's definition for an upper respiratory infection or to recent upper respiratory infection. Children with laryngospasm were more likely to be younger (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.99), to be scheduled for airway surgery (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.59), and to have their anesthesia supervised by a less experienced anesthesiologist (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.7) than children in the control group. Conclusion Laryngospasm was more likely to occur in children with an active upper respiratory infection, children who were younger, children who were undergoing airway surgery, and children whose anesthesia were supervised by less experienced anesthesiologists. Understanding the risk factors and the magnitude of the likely risk should help clinicians make the decision as to whether to anesthetize children with upper respiratory infection.

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