HOME MONITORING OF THE MIDDLE EAR SYSTEM WITH SPECTRAL GRADIENT ACOUSTIC REFLECTOMETRY: DISTINGUISHING ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA FROM UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Barnett ◽  
Howard J. Cabral ◽  
Jerome O. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Lactate dehydrogenase as a marker of nasopharyngeal inflammatory injury during viral upper respiratory infection: implications for acute otitis media

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Ede ◽  
James O’Brien ◽  
Tasnee Chonmaitree ◽  
Yimei Han ◽  
Janak A. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Inflammatory Injury ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Intranasal fluticasone propionate does not prevent acute otitis media during viral upper respiratory infection in children

2000 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Ruohola ◽  
Terho Heikkinen ◽  
Matti Waris ◽  
Tuomo Puhakka ◽  
Olli Ruuskanen
Keyword(s):  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
Sidney S. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Upper Respiratory

THE DIAGNOSIS of non-suppurative, secretory otitis media has been made much more frequently in recent years than it was prior to 1950. This increase has been noticed in children many more times than in adults, as pointed out by Robison and Nicholas. The disease is much more commonly found because of increased vigilance some otologists believe, as does Suehs, since the entity was reviewed and clarified by the brilliant work of Hoople in that year. However, there are undoubtedly other factors contributing to the greater incidence of this entity, such as the increased use of antibiotics in upper respiratory infections, including otitis media; an increase in the number of so-called virus infections; the greater prevalence of allergic diathesis; increased air travel; and, as Lindsay states, the swing of time pendulum toward extreme conservatism in recommending removal of tonsils and adenoids, a tendency resulting partly from a sense of security afforded by antibiotic therapy. The condition has received more of the attention it merits lately from that group of practitioners who are first in contact with the patients, namely the pediatrician and general practitioner who attend the acutely ill child. For usually the actual onset of the illness is acute, an otitis media occurring during an acute upper respiratory infection or as an acute otitis media following such an illness. The former need not even reach the stage where it is definitely recognized, its progress being halted by the antibiotic treatment administered. The attention of the attending physiciain is focused upon the middle ear in the younger child, either by the presence of pain in the affected ear, or by the abnormal appearance of the tympanic membrane, or both.

Protective role of superoxide dismutase in rat eustachian tubal mucosa against acute otitis media induced by upper respiratory tract infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Soo Lee ◽  
Jeong-Soo Woo ◽  
Soon-Jae Hwang ◽  
Hyun-Ho Lim ◽  
Han-Kyu Suh
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Superoxide dismutase has been known to play a role as an anti – oxidative system against oxidative injury during acute inflammation. To investigate the role of superoxide dismutase in eustachian tubal mucosa during acute otitis media (AOM), an animal model was made. Sprague – Dawley rats were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae through the nasal cavity following development of virus – induced upper respiratory infection. The animals were divided into three groups according to their tympanic cavity conditions following bacterial inoculation; inoculated animals with no resultant AOM (no – AOM), animals with resultant AOM (AOM) and animals with resolving otitis media (recovery). The changes of superoxide dismutase in each tubal mucosa were compared with that of the normal control using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting methods. On Western blot, there were little changes of optical density and surface area in no-AOM (213.5. ± .22.4, 13.2. ± .0.8.mm2) and recovery group (219.3. ± .18.7, 14.8. ± .0.7 mm2) compared to the normal control (223.5 ± 26.2, 16.7 ± 0.4 mm2). However, a marked decrease was found in the AOM model (167.6. ± .19.3, 6.5. ± .0.9 mm2). These findings suggest that superoxide dismutase may play a role in protecting tubal mucosa from free radical injury during AOM.

Care Provided by VA Mobile Clinic Staff During Northridge Earthquake Relief

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weiss ◽  
Linda Weiss ◽  
David Teeter ◽  
Jane Geraci
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Clinic Staff ◽  
Acute Conditions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Mobile Clinics

AbstractIntroduction:From 25 January 1994 to 02 February 1994, staff aboard four Veterans Affairs Mobile Clinics treated Northridge Earthquake victims. This study examined the types of conditions treated by Clinic staff during the disaster.Methods:A descriptive case series using 1,123 ambulatory encounter forms was undertaken. Case-mix was assessed by classifying diagnoses into 120 possible diagnostic clusters.Results:Forty-five percent of patients were infants or children and 60% were female. The primary diagnoses were characterize by acute conditions: 1) upper respiratory infection (34.6%); 2) stress reactions (11.9%); 3) otitis media (10.1%); and injuries (8%). Two-thirds of the infants and children either had an upper respiratory infection (46.4%) or otitis media (20.1%). Increasing age indicated an increased likelihood of stress and anxiety reactions.Conclusion:The results provide additional information for agencies involved in planning for and responding to disasters. Based on the types of conditions diagnosed at the United States Veterans' Administration mobile clinics (i.e., a high prevalence of acute conditions, including stress and anxiety reactions, and the large numbers of children), staff trained in primary care, mental health, and pediatrics should be considered for relief missions that begin several days after an event resulting in a disaster.

scholarly journals Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Otitis Media Intertalk: Lessons from the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Francesco Folino ◽  
Luca Ruggiero ◽  
Pasquale Capaccio ◽  
Ilaria Coro ◽  
Stefano Aliberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common diseases occurring during childhood. Microbiological investigations concerning this topic have been primarily focused on the four classical otopathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes) mainly because most of the studies have been conducted with culture-dependent methods. In recent years, the introduction of culture-independent techniques has allowed high-throughput investigation of entire bacterial communities, leading to a better comprehension of the role of resident flora in health and disease. The upper respiratory tract (URT) is a region of major interest in otitis media pathogenesis, as it could serve as a source of pathogens for the middle ear (ME). Studies conducted with culture-independent methods in the URT and ME have provided novel insights on the pathogenesis of middle ear diseases through the identification of both possible new causative agents and of potential protective bacteria, showing that imbalances in bacterial communities could influence the natural history of otitis media in children. The aim of this review is to examine available evidence in microbiome research and otitis media in the pediatric age, with a focus on its different phenotypes: acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion and chronic suppurative otitis media.

scholarly journals Importance of Respiratory Viruses in Acute Otitis Media

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terho Heikkinen ◽  
Tasnee Chonmaitree
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory

SUMMARY Acute otitis media is usually considered a simple bacterial infection that is treated with antibiotics. However, ample evidence derived from studies ranging from animal experiments to extensive clinical trials supports a crucial role for respiratory viruses in the etiology and pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Viral infection of the upper respiratory mucosa initiates the whole cascade of events that finally leads to the development of acute otitis media as a complication. The pathogenesis of acute otitis media involves a complex interplay between viruses, bacteria, and the host’s inflammatory response. In a substantial number of children, viruses can be found in the middle-ear fluid either alone or together with bacteria, and recent studies indicate that at least some viruses actively invade the middle ear. Viruses appear to enhance the inflammatory process in the middle ear, and they may significantly impair the resolution of otitis media. Prevention of the predisposing viral infection by vaccination against the major viruses would probably be the most effective way to prevent acute otitis media. Alternatively, early treatment of the viral infection with specific antiviral agents would also be effective in reducing the occurrence of acute otitis media.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae burden and nasopharyngeal inflammation during acute otitis media

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Morris ◽  
Michael E Pichichero
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Nasal Wash ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common respiratory pathogen and a frequent cause of acute otitis media (AOM) in children. The first step in bacterial pathogenesis of AOM is the establishment of asymptomatic colonization in the nasopharynx. We studied Spn bacterial burden in conjunction with neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory gene transcription and cytokine secretion in samples of nasal wash collected from normal and otitis-prone children during health, viral upper respiratory infection without middle ear involvement (URI) and AOM. We found no significant associations between otitis-prone status and any of the measured parameters. However, Spn bacterial burden was significantly correlated with neutrophil recruitment, transcription of IL-8, TNF-α and SOD2, and secretion of TNF-α. We also found that transcription of IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA by neutrophils was significantly correlated with the secretion of these cytokines into the nasopharynx. We conclude that Spn bacterial burden in the NP is a major determinant of neutrophil recruitment to the NP and activity during URI and AOM, and that neutrophils are contributors to the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α in the NP when the Spn burden is high.

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