Rhabdomyolysis in falciparum malaria – a series of twelve cases (five children and seven adults)

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj K Mishra ◽  
Sudhanshu S Pati ◽  
Kishore C Mahanta ◽  
Sanjib Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Muscle Necrosis

There are very few reports in the literature of rhabdomyolysis in falciparum malaria and they mostly consist of single case studies. A report from Sri Lanka described a single patient with myoglobinuria and skeletal muscle necrosis. Taylor and Prosser reported a single case of rhabdomyolysis with renal failure. We report on 12 patients with evidence of skeletal muscle injury in severe malaria from Rourkela, Orissa State, India.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Mortality Associated with Severe Malaria in Adults in Southern Mauritania

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Boushab Mohamed Boushab ◽  
Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem ◽  
Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary ◽  
Philippe Parola ◽  
Leonardo Basco
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Severe malaria in adults is not well-studied in Sahelian Africa. Clinical features and mortality associated with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adult patients hospitalized in Kiffa, southern Mauritania, were analysed. Patients over 15 years old admitted for severe malaria between August 2016 and December 2019 were included in the present retrospective study. The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to define severe malaria. The presenting clinical characteristics and outcome were compared. Of 4266 patients hospitalized during the study period, 573 (13.4%) had a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria, and 99 (17.3%; mean age, 37.5 years; range 15–79 years; sex-ratio M/F, 2.1) satisfied the criteria for severe malaria. On admission, the following signs and symptoms were observed in more than one-fourth of the patients: fever (98%), impairment of consciousness (81.8%), multiple convulsions (70.7%), cardiovascular collapse (61.6%), respiratory distress (43.4%), severe anaemia ≤ 80 g/L (36.4%), haemoglobinuria (27.3%), and renal failure (25.3%). Patients were treated with parenteral quinine or artemether. Fourteen (14.1%) patients died. Multiple convulsions, respiratory distress, severe anaemia, haemoglobinuria, acute renal failure, jaundice, and abnormal bleeding occurred more frequently (p < 0.05) in deceased patients. Mortality due to severe falciparum malaria is high among adults in southern Mauritania. An adoption of the WHO-recommended first-line treatment for severe malaria, such as parenteral artesunate, is required to lower the mortality rate associated with severe malaria.

scholarly journals Acute Renal Failure in Patients with Severe Falciparum Malaria: Using the WHO 2006 and RIFLE Criteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipa Thanachartwet ◽  
Varunee Desakorn ◽  
Duangjai Sahassananda ◽  
Ko Ko Yazar Kyaw Win ◽  
Thanom Supaporn
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Rifle Criteria ◽  
Tak Province ◽  
Severe Falciparum Malaria

There are limited data on the application of the RIFLE criteria among patients with severe malaria. This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing 257 medical records of adult hospitalized patients with severe falciparum malaria at the Mae Sot General Hospital, Tak province in the northern part of Thailand. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients with severe falciparum malaria and its association with RRT as well as in-hospital mortality. Using the WHO 2006 criteria, ARF was the second most common complication with incidence of 44.7% (115 patients). The requirement for RRT was 45.2% (52 patients) and the in-hospital mortality was 31.9% (36 patients). Using the RIFLE criteria, 73.9% (190 patients) had acute kidney injury (AKI). The requirement for RRT was 11.6% (5 patients) in patients with RIFLE-I and 44.9% (48 patients) in patients with RIFLE-F. The in-hospital mortality gradually increased with the severity of AKI. The requirement for RRT (P<0.05) and the in-hospital mortality (P<0.05) were significantly higher in ARF patients with severe falciparum malaria using both criteria. In conclusion, the RIFLE criteria could be used for diagnosing AKI and predicting outcomes in patients with severe malaria similar to the WHO 2006 criteria.

scholarly journals Discriminating Clinical and Biological Features in Malaria and Dengue Patients

2018 ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Wajihullah Khan ◽  
Haytham A. Zakai ◽  
Khadija Khan ◽  
Sharba Kausar ◽  
Sana Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Biological Features

Background: Malaria and dengue are the most widespread infectious diseases of tropical countries with an estimated 219 and 50 million cases globally. The aim of the proposed study was to find out discriminating clinical features of falciparum malaria and dengue. Method: Falciparum malaria was diagnosed by looking at the ring and gametocyte stages by microscopic examina­tion in Giemsa stained slides. Dengue was diagnosed by ELISA for dengue-specific IgM and IgG. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and kidney markers (creatinine and urea) were estimated by standard biochemical techniques. Result: AST and ALT showed similar rise in both, severe malaria and dengue patients but it was much pronounced in dengue haemorrhagic fever where it attained 3–4 folds increase. Creatinine and urea showed higher levels in den­gue compared to malaria. Thrombocytopenia (76.27%), convulsions (18.64%) and hepatic dysfunction (5.08%) were more prominent in dengue than that in malaria where these parameters were 50.89, 7.14 and 2.67%, respectively. Conversely, cases with anaemia, splenomegaly and jaundice were three times more in falciparum malaria. Acute renal failures and neurological sequelae were noticed in slightly higher number of dengue patients.    Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia and hepatic dysfunction were more common in dengue, while anaemia, splenomeg­aly, jaundice and convulsions were more frequent in falciparum malaria. Neurological sequelae and cases of acute renal failure were almost equal in both the infections.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle necrosis in severe falciparum malaria

BMJ ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 296 (6628) ◽  
pp. 1039-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J De Silva ◽  
A K E Goonetilleke ◽  
N Senaratna ◽  
N Ramesh ◽  
U S Jayawickrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Muscle Necrosis ◽  
Severe Falciparum Malaria

scholarly journals Management of malaria with acute renal failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polrat Wilairatana ◽  
Sornchai Looareesuwan ◽  
Guy H. Neild
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Severe Falciparum Malaria

In parts of the world, such as Africa, where Plasmodium falciparum is endemic and its transmission is stable, severe malaria affects mainly children. Cerebral malaria and severe anaemia are common but multi-organ failure involving the kidneys or liver is very rare. Surviving children develop immunity and thus as adults rarely develop severe disease III. In contrast, in other tropical countries where transmission of P. falciparum is unstable and the risk of infection low, severe malaria can occur at any age. Severe malaria is defined as parasitaemia greater than 5% or vital organ dysfunction. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication of severe falciparum malaria in non-immune individuals. At the Bangkok hospital for Tropical Disease, 5,210 patients with falciparum malaria were admitted during the period 1991-1997 of whom 112 patients (2.12%) had ARF. In a recent study of 560 cases of severe adult malaria in Vietnam, 28% of patients had renal failure on admission and 41% at some stage, with 14% overall requiring dialysis [2]. Overall, however, ARF is not a common complication of malaria. During the Vietnam war, the reported incidence was 19 cases in 3,000 malarial admissions in 1965/6 and 8 of 2003 admissions n 1966 [3,4].

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Mortality Associated with Severe Malaria in Adults in Southern Mauritania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Boushab Boushab ◽  
Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem ◽  
Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary ◽  
Philippe Parola ◽  
Leonardo Basco
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Severe malaria in adults is not well studied in Sahelian Africa. Clinical features and mortality associated with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adult patients hospitalized in Kiffa, southern Mauritania, were analysed. Patients over 15 years old admitted for severe malaria between August 2016 and December 2019 were included in the present retrospective study. The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to define severe malaria. The presenting clinical characteristics and outcome were compared. Of 4266 patients hospitalized during the study period, 573 (13.4%) had a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria, and 99 (17.3%; mean age, 37.5 years; range 15&ndash;79 years; sex-ratio M/F, 2.1) satisfied the criteria for severe malaria. On admission, the following signs and symptoms were observed in more than one-fourth of the patients: fever (98%), impairment of consciousness (81.8%), multiple convulsions (70.7%), cardiovascular collapse (61.6%), respiratory distress (43.4%), severe anaemia &le; 80 g/L (36.4%), haemoglobinuria (27.3%), and renal failure (25.3%). Patients were treated with parenteral quinine or artemether. Fourteen (14.1%) patients died. Multiple convulsions, respiratory distress, severe anaemia, haemoglobinuria, acute renal failure, jaundice, and abnormal bleeding occurred more frequently (P &lt; 0.05) in deceased patients. Mortality due to severe falciparum malaria is high among adults in southern Mauritania. An adoption of the WHO-recommended first-line treatment for severe malaria, i.e. parenteral artesunate, is required to lower the mortality rate associated with severe malaria.

The Role of Music and Allied Arts in Public Writings on Cultural Diversity: “People of Sri Lanka”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Gisa Jähnichen
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Way

The Sri Lankan Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue, and Official Languages published the work “People of Sri Lanka” in 2017. In this comprehensive publication, 21 invited Sri Lankan scholars introduced 19 different people’s groups to public readers in English, mainly targeted at a growing number of foreign visitors in need of understanding the cultural diversity Sri Lanka has to offer. This paper will observe the presentation of these different groups of people, the role music and allied arts play in this context. Considering the non-scholarly design of the publication, a discussion of the role of music and allied arts has to be supplemented through additional analyses based on sources mentioned by the 21 participating scholars and their fragmented application of available knowledge. In result, this paper might help improve the way facts about groups of people, the way of grouping people, and the way of presenting these groupings are displayed to the world beyond South Asia. This fieldwork and literature guided investigation should also lead to suggestions for ethical principles in teaching and presenting of culturally different music practices within Sri Lanka, thus adding an example for other case studies.

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