Stress-Strain Relationship for Steel under Uniaxial Cyclic Loadings

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Calado ◽  
António Brito
Keyword(s):  
Complex Loading ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Cyclic Loading Tests ◽  
Mathematical Relationships

The mechanical properties of steel in the inelastic range can generally be described by mathematical relationships. Many such constitutive relationships have been validated by static or uniaxial cyclic loading tests. Very few models have been substantiated by test results under complex loading conditions. For that reason, the implementation of such models in general purpose structural analysis programs for steel structures under seismic actions, is in some cases complex and in others impossible. This paper is concerned with a uniaxial non-linear model for structural steel under complex loading condition and with damage accumulation. The Giuffré, Menegoto and Pinto model was taken as a basis for the development of this model. The accuracy of the proposed numerical model was drawn with uniaxial cyclic experiments. Some numerical simulations are presented in order to illustrate the capabilities of the model for use as a stress-strain relationship for steel under uniaxial complex loading conditions up to the complete failure of the material.

Studies on the Stress-Strain Relationship Bovine Cortical Bone Based on Ramberg–Osgood Equation

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Sharma ◽  
M. D. Sarker ◽  
Saman Naghieh ◽  
Daniel X. B. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Stress ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Bone is a complex material that exhibits an amount of plasticity before bone fracture takes place, where the nonlinear relationship between stress and strain is of importance to understand the mechanism behind the fracture. This brief presents our study on the examination of the stress–strain relationship of bovine femoral cortical bone and the relationship representation by employing the Ramberg–Osgood (R–O) equation. Samples were taken and prepared from different locations (upper, middle, and lower) of bone diaphysis and were then subjected to the uniaxial tensile tests under longitudinal and transverse loading conditions, respectively. The stress–strain curves obtained from tests were analyzed via linear regression analysis based on the R–O equation. Our results illustrated that the R–O equation is appropriate to describe the nonlinear stress–strain behavior of cortical bone, while the values of equation parameters vary with the sample locations (upper, middle, and lower) and loading conditions (longitudinal and transverse).

scholarly journals Stress-Strain Behavior of Sand in Plane Strain Compression, Extension and Cyclic Loading Tests

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Masuda ◽  
Fumio Tatsuoka ◽  
Shinichi Yamada ◽  
Takeshi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Plane Strain Compression ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Cyclic Loading Tests

A Rate-Dependent Stress-Strain Relationship for Sea Ice

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Constant Stress ◽  
Stress Rate ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Relationship

A one-dimensional rate-sensitive stress-strain relationship is developed to describe the uniaxial mechanical behavior in compression for sea ice. It is a one-term, nonlinear model and is simpler in form than the nonlinear models proposed by other investigators. It contains four independent constants that are determined by experimental data. This model can describe the behavior of sea ice very well under constant strain rate loading, constant stress rate loading and creep loading conditions. In particular, it describes the following features of sea behavior: 1 the increase in ice strength with strain rate and with stress rate; 2 the increase in strain-softening effects with strain rate; 3 the relative difference between the strengths obtained by constant stress rate and constant strain rate tests; 4 the rate dependence of ice stiffness; 5 primary, secondary, and tertiary creep, where the duration and rate depend on the applied stress level. This paper presents the proposed rate-sensitive stress-strain relationship and discusses its behavior under various loading conditions. A set of coefficients has been selected to compare with test results under constant strain rates. Agreement between predicted and observed stress-strain behaviors is very good. Predicted behavior under constant stress rate and creep are also presented.

scholarly journals Classification and Fractal Characteristics of Limestone Fragments Obtained in Conventional Compression and Cyclic Loading Tests under Uniaxial and Triaxial Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Xiaodi Wang ◽  
Hao Zha ◽  
Xiuzhang Yang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Test System ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Cyclic Loading Tests

The mechanical response characteristics of rocks under cyclic loading conditions are crucial factors for evaluating and analyzing the stability of rock mass during underground excavation. In this study, based on fractal theory and a series of tests using the MTS815.02 rock mechanics test system, the classification and fractal characteristics of limestone specimen fragments are investigated. The results show that limestone specimens subjected to cyclic loading can generate more small-sized fragments than conventional compression, but the large-fragment-producing abilities of the two tests exhibit small difference. The mass fraction of the fragments in the cyclic loading test is obviously greater than that in the conventional test when the fragment size is less than 4.75 mm; however, only a small difference is observed between the cyclic loading tests with frequencies of 0.25 and 0.5 Hz. In the same type of test, a confining pressure is helpful in reducing the fragmentation of limestone specimen. As the size interval decreases, the shapes of limestone fragment transition from rectangular to long slice and then to square. The results also indicate that the confining pressure has a significant influence on the size-quantity and size-mass fractal dimensions of limestone fragments. The former has a positive correlation with the confining pressure, whereas the latter decreases with confining pressure. The conclusions obtained in this investigation can enrich the theoretical research on the failure response and mechanism of rock under cyclic loading conditions.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF CYCLIC LOADING CONDITIONS AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR THE STRENGTH AND PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANHYDRITE CAPROCK

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Mostafa Farrokhi ◽  
Hossein Jalalifar ◽  
Saeed Karimi Nasab
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Cyclic Loading Tests

Underground gas storage (UGS) in depleted reservoirs affects caprock properties. The resemblance of Qom anhydrite outcrop with cutting obtained from a 2629 m depth was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) results and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. The anhydrite specimens unconfined compressive strength (UCS) changed under static cyclic loading conditions, and also petrophysical properties, such as porosity and permeability altered under 10, 20, and 30 cycles of loading. The magnitude of loading ranged from 30 to 43% of intact anhydrite UCS. The loading rate used for cyclic loading tests was 0.004 mm/s. The samples’ UCS decreased between 3.5 to 23.9% under cyclic loading conditions. The study of specimens computed tomography (CT) imaging with porosity and permeability indicated the growth of cracks, the cracks did not initiate in all lengths of specimens, hence the incremental increase in porosity did not increase the permeability of specimens. Even being under cyclic loads, the permeability of specimens stayed lower than 10-15 m2 (0.001 mD) but the trend of pressure versus time for measuring permeability shows a higher drop in pressure due to changes in permeability. The study indicated that the CT imaging results are in good accordance with petrophysical findings.

scholarly journals Payne Effect in Filled Nitrile Rubber Submitted to Cyclic Loadings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre P. Garnier ◽  
Jean-Benoît J. B. Le Cam ◽  
Michel M. Grédiac
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Cyclic Loading Tests

This study deals with the viscoelastic properties of filled nitrile rubber submitted to cyclic loading conditions. Classic strain amplitude sweeps were first carried out on both a filled and an unfilled nitrile rubber. Tests were performed at two temperatures ambient and 80 °C. Some specimens were then subjected to a high number of cycles to study the variations in the viscoelastic properties and the sensitivity of the Payne effect to cyclic loading tests at several given strain amplitudes.

Constitutive Model for Concrete under Multiaxial Loading Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 1171-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Sun ◽  
Wei Min Huang ◽  
Hendra Purnawali
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Yield Surface ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Multiaxial Loading ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Relationship

In this paper we present a new constitutive model for concrete. The framework is originally proposed for shape memory alloy, a kind of crystalline material. We show how to apply this framework for non-crystalline material: concrete. The resulting yield surface and stress-strain relationship are compared with that of experiment reported in the literature.

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