scholarly journals A Study on the Quantitative Analysis of Portable XRF for the Components Analysis of Metal Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-463
Author(s):  
So-Mang Lim ◽  
Young-Suk Kwon ◽  
Young-Rae Cho ◽  
Won-Sub Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Alloy Standard

In this study we conducted component analyses of portable XRF detectors using four Au-Cu alloy standard samples to improve their accuracy by drawing up a calibration curve based on ICP-OES standard values. The portable XRF analysis found absolute errors of 0.3 to 3.7 wt% for Au and 0.2 to 8.2 wt% for Cu, confirming that the error range and standard deviation differed from one detector to another. Furthermore, the calibration curve improved their accuracy, such that the relative error rates of Au and Cu decreased from 9.8% and 14% to 3.5% and 3.7%, respectively. Accordingly, an experiment to confirm the calibration curve was conducted using unknown samples, finding that the measured values of the unknown samples fell on the calibration curve. Therefore, to accurately analyze the components of metal cultural heritage items, it is necessary to prepare a calibration curve for each element after checking whether the detector is suitable for the artifact.

scholarly journals A Non-Invasive Portable XRF System for Cultural Heritage Analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (S3) ◽  
pp. 2020-2021
Author(s):  
Nicholas Barbi ◽  
Roberto Alberti ◽  
Luca Bombelli ◽  
Tommaso Frizzi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Non Invasive

Quantitative Determination of Low Contents of Manganese in Steels by EPMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoling Wang ◽  
Aiqin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Alloy Element ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Alloy Standard ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Probe Measurements

AbstractThe fluorescence effect induced by Kβ photons is usually so small that it can be neglected. However, in the Fe–Mn system, omitting Kβ fluorescence correction will lead to the overestimation of the Mn content especially when Mn is the minor alloy element. In this study, the error in the Mn concentration induced by Kβ fluorescence was investigated by both Monte Carlo simulation, using the pyPENELOPE program, and systematic electron probe measurements on the Fe–0.53% Mn alloy standard by the aid of CalcZAF software. It is shown that the error caused by Kβ fluorescence exceeds 4% for the Fe–0.53% Mn alloy. The problem can be overcome by utilizing CalcZAF in which β-line fluorescence has been included, or by employing a similar standard Fe–0.85% Mn for Mn in the absence of β-line fluorescence correction. In addition, a modified calibration curve method, using k-values instead of X-ray intensity as a variable, is presented and used to measure the Mn concentration. The accuracy of this method is as good as or better than that of the conventional matrix correction method. Compared with conventional calibration curve methods, it is time-saving because the k-value is not sensitive to instrument fluctuations and the established curve remains valid for a long period.

Determination of Carbon in Steels Using a Direct Reading Spectrometer and a Single Calibration Curve

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Carbon Level ◽  
Alloy Standard ◽  
Single Calibration

This paper describes a method for the determination of carbon content of all grades of steel, utilizing a modern direct reading emission spectrometer and a single calibration curve. The normal errors present when applying steels such as Hadfield's manganese steel and chromium bearing stainless steels to a curve prepared from plain carbon low alloy standard, were investigated and found to be entirely dependent upon the manganese and chromium contents of the sample. The coefficient of variation, after correction for manganese and chromium, was found to be 2% at the 2.0% carbon level increasing to 3.7% at the 0.030% carbon level in extra low carbon stainless steels.

SANDRA: a portable XRF system for the study of Mexican cultural heritage

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ruvalcaba Sil ◽  
D. Ramírez Miranda ◽  
V. Aguilar Melo ◽  
F. Picazo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Portable Xrf

The Optimization and Validation of a Method for Sb Determination from PET by ICP-OES

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1969-1973
Author(s):  
Luiza Capra ◽  
Mihaela Manolache ◽  
Ion Ion ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Alina Catrinel Ion
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Measurement Equipment ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Antimony Content ◽  
Extended Uncertainty

In the present work it was developed a simple, cheap and quick method for Sb determination from PET in the 10 - 500 mg Kg-1concentrations range, using an original digestion method coupled with the ICP-OES technique. The digestion method, developed and optimized for this study, uses a single digestion reagent (HNO3), adequate the measurement equipment. It ensures a reduced digestion time (45 min.), thus having small energy consumption (0.15 KWh/sample) and uses standard digestion equipment. On the studied concentration range the method presents the following characteristics the calibration curve slope, expressed through correlation coefficient r = 0.9999, standard deviation of repeatability of 1.27 mg Kg-1, RSD = 0.49 %, accuracy determined by recovery degree ranges between 85 % and 96 %, all being comparable with literature data. The value of extended uncertainty is 8.4 mg Kg-1with a confidence level of 95 % (k=2), obtained for Sb content of 259.6 mg Kg-1. The applicability of the method can be extended with the same digestion method and adequate modification of the concentration range for the calibration curve. The validated method for antimony content from PET cans can be applied in various research studies.

Cu-Sn-Pb Alloy Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy and Its Application for Standard Curve Establishment of Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument for Alloy Analysis on Bronze Relics

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (39-40) ◽  
pp. 2095-2100
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Wen ◽  
Ya Xiao ◽  
Guangyi Yao ◽  
Weiqiang Zhou ◽  
Yan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Alloy Analysis ◽  
Destructive Methods

ABSTRACT One of the most important non-destructive methods for on-site analysis of bronze artifacts is portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF). However, bronze artifacts are usually heterogeneous in composition due to, among other things, the segregation of lead, which is hard to be eliminated through annealing treatments. In the present work, Cu-Sn-Pb alloys with homogenous composition and microstructure is fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. The suitability of the standard curve using Cu-Sn-Pb alloys by powder metallurgy as the standard samples for XRF on the analysis of bronze artifacts is evaluated. It is shown that this proposed method can be transferred to portable XRF to acquire accurate on-site composition information of bronze artifacts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of lead and cadmium concentrations in lipstick and eye pencil cosmetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozhan Feizi ◽  
Nematollah Jaafarzadeh ◽  
Hamideh Akbari ◽  
Sahand Jorfi
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Producer Country ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in lipstick and eye pencil cosmetics of different grades in the markets of Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Ahvaz city in 2018. Sixty different samples of lipstick and eye pencil of three common brands were selected and analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and the results were compared with standard values recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The analysis of lipsticks was based on producer country and colors and producer country only for eye pencil. Results: The mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were 41.86 and 53.42 µg/g, respectively. Concentrations of lead were higher than those of Cd in lipsticks, while for eye pencil, Cd showed higher concentrations. The overall results indicated that in all brands and colors of lipsticks, only 33% of the samples had Pb content less than the FDA limit, and among lipstick samples, 44% had Cd concentration less than the FDA limit of 3 μg/g, however, in 100% of the eye pencil samples, the concentration of Cd was higher than the recommended value of 3 μg/g. Conclusion: Given the health risks of exposure to heavy metals and in order to increase community awareness about the harmful effects of cosmetics, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of these toxic elements in these products and encourage the manufactures to meet the FDA standards.

Performance of three different Si X-ray detectors for portable XRF spectrometers in cultural heritage applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. C10004-C10004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Guerra ◽  
M Manso ◽  
S Longelin ◽  
S Pessanha ◽  
M L Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
X Ray
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