Flotation enrichment of antimony ore using the environmentally friendly reagent-collector KCSb

The problems of extraction and processing of antimony ores are analyzed. The reagent-collector of oxide forms of antimony KCSb is described. It is used to develop operating parameters of the flotation concentration of ore at the Zhipkhosha deposit. The semi-industrial model experiments identified that KCSb is more efficient thatn other known reagents used to enrich antimony oxides. The operating technological conditions of the flotation process were optimized; the use of a collecting reagent indicates the expediency and effectiveness of its use. This fact was confirmed by technical and economic calculations, according to which the profit was up to 30 million rubles per 1 million of processed ore per year. An increase in the resulting product in the form of concentrate was 700–800 tons with 32–36% antimony content, which corresponds to the KSUF-3. This method can be used by antimony deposits containing oxide minerals (10% or more).

ANTIMONY OXIDE FORM ENRICHMENT LINE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE «ZHIPKHOSHA» FIELD

The antimony industry in the Russian Federation is currently experiencing difficult times. The main enterprise that produces and enriches antimony today is GeoProMining LLC, which owns a processing plant at the Syralakhskoye field (Yakutia), where the ore of the Sentanchansky field is processed, production on a smaller scale is carried out in the Krasnoyarsk Territory at the Udereyskoye field of the Novoangarsky GOK, and associated production is carried out at the Olympiadinsky GOK from the tailings of the gold-antimony ore enrichment. Many fields are not being developed at all. The reason for this is the profitability of the development and processing of antimony deposits, due to the low price of metal and the difficulty of obtaining conditioned concentrates due to the presence of metal oxide forms in antimony-containing deposits. Oxide forms of metal in deposits occur in the form of lenses and films, which complicates the enrichment (extraction) of such metal due to the lack of methods and methods or the high cost of processing. The article presents the relevance of the problem of extraction and processing of antimony ores. The reagent-collector of antimony oxide forms KCSb is presented and, based on its application, the parameters of flotation ore dressing of the Zhipkhosha deposit are developed, which contributes to a significant increase in metal recovery. It is noted that the use of КCSb is more effective in comparison with other known reagents used for the enrichment of antimony oxides. The results of studies of this collector reagent, when it is introduced into the technological scheme of flotation of antimony oxide forms, are obtained, which indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of its use. This fact is confirmed by a technical and economic calculation, according to which the conditional profit is 30-31 million rubles per 1 million processed ore per year. The increase in the resulting products (concentrate) is about 700-800 tons, with a quality (antimony content) of 32-36 %, corresponding to the KSUF-3 brand. This method is recommended for use in various antimony and antimony-containing deposits containing oxide minerals (from 10 % or more)

A Systematic Review of the Antimony Content of the Normal Human Prostate Gland

The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the antimony (Sb) level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Sb content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Sb content analyzed in prostatic tissue of “normal” glands. This evaluation reviewed 1998 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases PubMed, Scopus, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Sb content in prostates of apparently healthy men. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 23 studies, which included 1173 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Sb content reported in the literature for “normal” gland varies widely from 0.0066 mg/kg to 0.071 mg/kg with median of means 0.0085 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. Because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.

Properties of Bi and BiSb Nano-Dimensional Layers in Thz Frequency Range

In the present paper we demonstrate and compare different properties of Bi and Bi1-xSbx thin films placed on polyimide (PI) substrate in frequency range from 0.2 to 1.0 THz. Bi films with a thickness of 40, 105 and 150 nm have been studied as well as 150 nm Bi1-xSbx solid solutions with Sb concentration of 5, 8, 12 and 15 %. An effective refractive index and permittivity of whole substrate/film structures have been derived by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) method. These measurements have shown the positive phase shift in PI substrate with a thickness of 42 μm and revealed that it is barely transparent in studied frequency range, but the whole substrate/film structure provides the negative phase shift of terahertz wave. It was shown that the permittivity depends on mobility of charge carriers which is driven by film thickness and antimony content.

Sb distribution in the phases of SiO2 saturated Sb-Fe-O-SiO2-CaO system in air

Sb distribution in the phases of SiO2 saturated Sb-Fe-O-SiO2-CaO system has been determined for the first time through high-temperature experiment and quenching techniques, followed by Electron probe X-ray microanalysis(EPMA) in air(Ptot= 1 atm, PO2= 0.21 atm). The phases were quantified in the temperature range of 900?C-1200?C and the effects of Fe/SiO2(mass fraction) and CaO/SiO2(mass fraction) on Sb2O3 content in the Sb-Fe-O-SiO2-CaO system were investigated at 1200?C. The results indicate that the Sb-containing phase primarily existed in the solid solution phase at 1200?C. With the increase of temperature from 1100?C to 1200?C, the Sb2O3 content in the solid solution phase increased drastically from 7.52 wt% to 17.36 wt%. Lowering the values of CaO/SiO2 and Fe/SiO2 in the smelting process effectively reduced Sb2O3 content in the slag. The verification experiment results suggest that the antimony content in slag was 0.57 wt%, the crude antimony yield rate was lower than 4%,and the crude antimony grade was beyond 94 wt%, which can achieve the reduction of antimony content in the slag.

Formation of ionic associates with pyrogallol complexes of antimony (III) and their application for spectrophotometric determination of antimony

The possibility of using water soluble pyrogallol red (PRWS) as a photometric reagent for the quantitative determination of antimony (III) in real objects has been studied. Formation of a colored product is observed in acidic solutions (pH 3.8 - 4.5) with a weak oxidizing agent (iodine) present for preliminary oxidation of SbHg to salts of Sb (III). The excess iodine is eliminated through introduction of sodium thiosulfate solution after obtaining the photometric form. The maximum analytical signal of the colored form is observed at 378 nm (e = 5.936 x 103). A decrease in the acidity of the solution (pH > 7) is accompanied by the formation of sodium salts of the reagent which prevents further complexation, whereas the only one maximum in the absorbance within the recommended pH range directly indicates to the formation of the the only one ionic associate (AI). The ionic associate thus formed appeared low stability in time. Unfortunately, change in the dielectric constant of the solution failed to give a positive effect and measurements of the absorbance of the colored compound were limited to 3 minutes. Determination of the composition and possible mechanism of the ionic associate formation was carried out on using the methods of molar ratios and isomolar series. After stripping of stibine into the absorption system, an ionic associate of the composition M:R = 1:1 is formed with a calculated stability constant of 4.01 x 105. The obtained results are used to develop a spectrophotometric (SP) method for antimony determination with the limits of detection and quantitative determination of the element 1.30 and 4.32 pg/ml, respectively. The developed method is valid in terms of the specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy, and, therefore, can be recommended for determination of the antimony content in any control and analytical laboratory.

Узкозонные гетероструктуры InAs-=SUB=-1-y-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-/InAsSbP (y=0.09-0.16) для спектрального диапазона 4-6 μm, полученные методом МОГФЭ

Asymmetric n -InAs/InAs_(1 – _ y )Sb_ y / p -InAsSbP heterostructures with a narrow-gap active layer and a composition range y = 0.09–0.16 were grown by vapor phase epitaxy from metalorganic compounds. Room-temperature electroluminescence was observed at a wavelength of up to λ = 5.1 μm at a spectral maximum. The study of low-temperature electroluminescence spectra provided the possibility to establish the existence of two radiative recombination channels caused by the nature of the InAsSb/InAsSbP heterointerface. The effect produced by the chemistry of the active layer on the composition of the grown barrier layer and the formation of the InAsSb/InAsSbP heterojunction with an increase in the antimony content in the InAsSb solid solution was demonstrated.