Characterization of cryptic flagellin genes in Shigella boydii and Shigella dysenteriae

In previous studies with strains of the Shigella dysenteriae provisional serovars E22383 and E23507 from diarrhoeal stools from patients in Bangladesh, two strains of Shigella species were identified as Shigella boydii provisional serovar E16553 by a reference laboratory. Further tests with an antiserum to an international type strain of the provisional serovar E16553 identified an additional 15 isolates. None of the isolates reacted with antisera to the established Shigella serovars or any other provisional serovars reported so far and all showed biochemical reactions typical of S. boydii. All of the isolates harboured the 140 MDa invasion plasmid, had the ipaH gene and produced keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and mecillinam but eight strains were resistant to tetracycline. A single PFGE type (type A) was shown for all 17 clinical isolates, indicating a common source of origin. The pulsotype of the Bangladeshi isolates was closely related to that of a Japanese strain but was different from that of the type strain. On the basis of these biochemical, serological and virulence markers, and diverse geographical origin, it is recommended that the provisional status of serovar E16553 be changed and that it be included in the international serotyping classification scheme as S. boydii 19.

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Characterization of Shigella dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.28.11.2580-2584.1990 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 2580-2584 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H G Wathen-Grady ◽

L E Britt ◽

N A Strockbine ◽

I K Wachsmuth

Keyword(s):

Shigella Dysenteriae

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Molecular Strategies for the Detection, Identification, and Differentiation between Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.2.239 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 239-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

CESAR I. BIN KINGOMBE ◽

MARIA-LUCIA CERQUEIRA-CAMPOS ◽

JEFFREY M. FARBER

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Shigella Boydii ◽

Epidemiological Tool ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Shigella Spp

A strategy for the detection, identification, and differentiation of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Shigella spp. has been developed. The strategy includes (i) a multiplex PCR for the amplification of two virulence genes, i.e., iuc (222 bp) and ipaH (629 bp); (ii) amplification of the ial gene (a 1,038-bp amplicon) located within a large plasmid; and (iii) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the ial gene amplicon. The multiplex PCR provided three patterns. Pattern 1 (iuc−/ipaH+) was found in 10 (67%) of 15 EIEC strains tested, pattern 2 (iuc+/ipaH−) in only 2 (4.4%) of 46 non-EIEC isolates, whereas pattern 3 (iuc+/ipaH+) was observed in all Shigella spp. and also in 5 (33%) of 15 EIEC strains tested. The pattern 3 EIEC strains were all positive for the ial gene. The PCR-RFLP of the ial gene amplicon using the endonuclease AclI was used to differentiate Shigella spp. from the EIEC strains that belonged to pattern 3. The ial gene was present in 21 (38%) of 56 and 6 (40%) of 15 Shigella spp. and EIEC strains tested, respectively. The PCR-RFLP of the ial gene amplicon divided the strains in two types. Type 1 did not contain the restriction enzyme site and was found in 6 (100%) of 6 EIEC strains, 4 (80%) of 5 Shigella boydii, and 4 (100%) of 4 Shigella dysenteriae strains tested. Type 2, which gave two fragments of 286 and 752 bp, was observed in 5 (83%) of 6 Shigella flexneri strains and 6 (100%) of 6 Shigella sonnei strains. Detection, identification, and differentiation of Shigella spp. and EIEC were achieved by analyses of the PCR patterns and RFLP types. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a simple and rapid method for detecting, identifying, and differentiating, at the molecular level, Shigella spp. and EIEC strains. This method will have tremendous utility as an epidemiological tool and in helping to develop policies, risk assessments, and national and international methods for Shigella spp.

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Molecular characterization of serologically atypical provisional serovars of Shigella isolates from Kolkata, India

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.081307-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 1696-1703 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shanta Dutta ◽

Priyanka Jain ◽

Suman Nandy ◽

Shigeru Matsushita ◽

Shin-ichi Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Single Mutation ◽

Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽

Resistant Strains

During 2000–2004, 13 Shigella strains that were untypable by commercially available antisera were isolated from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhoea in Kolkata. These strains were subsequently identified as Shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar 204/96 (n = 3), Shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar E23507 (n = 1), Shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar I9809-73 (n = 1), Shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar 93-119 (n = 1), Shigella flexneri provisional serovar 88-893 (n = 6) and Shigella boydii provisional serovar E16553 (n = 1). In this study, characterization of those provisional serovars of Shigella was performed with respect to their antimicrobial resistance, plasmids, virulence genes and PFGE profiles. The drug resistant strains (n = 10) of Shigella identified in this study possessed various antibiotic resistance genetic markers like catA (for chloramphenicol resistance); tetA and tetB (for tetracycline resistance); dfrA1 and sul2 (for co-trimoxazole resistance); aadA1, strA and strB (for streptomycin resistance) and blaOXA-1 (for ampicillin resistance). Class 1 and/or class 2 integrons were present in eight resistant strains. Three study strains were pan-susceptible. A single mutation in the gyrA gene (serine to leucine at codon 83) was present in four quinolone resistant strains. The virulence gene ipaH (invasion plasmid antigen H) was uniformly present in all strains in this study, but the stx (Shiga toxin) and set1 (Shigella enterotoxin 1) genes were absent. Other virulence genes like ial (invasion associated locus) and sen (Shigella enterotoxin 2) were occasionally present. A large plasmid of 212 kb and of incompatibility type IncFIIA was present in the majority of the strains (n = 10) and diversity was noticed in the smaller plasmid profiles of these strains even within the same provisional serovars. PFGE profile analysis showed the presence of multiple unrelated clones among the isolates of provisional Shigella serovars. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the phenotypic and molecular characterization of provisional serovars of Shigella isolates from Kolkata, India.

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Characterization of a Shiga Toxin-Encoding Temperate Bacteriophage of Shigella sonnei

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.12.7588-7595.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 7588-7595 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Eckhard Strauch ◽

Rudi Lurz ◽

Lothar Beutin

Keyword(s):

Shiga Toxin ◽

Regulatory Region ◽

Shigella Sonnei ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Temperate Bacteriophage ◽

Cross Hybridization ◽

E Coli ◽

K 12

ABSTRACT A Shiga toxin (Stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage ofShigella sonnei strain CB7888 was investigated for its morphology, DNA similarity, host range, and lysogenization inShigella and Escherichia coli strains. Phage 7888 formed plaques on a broad spectrum of Shigella strains belonging to different species and serotypes, including Stx-producingShigella dysenteriae type 1. With E. coli, only strains with rough lipopolysaccharide were sensitive to this phage. The phage integrated into the genome of nontoxigenic S. sonneiand laboratory E. coli K-12 strains, which became Stx positive upon lysogenization. Moreover, phage 7888 is capable of transducing chromosomal genes in E. coli K-12. The relationships of phage 7888 with the E. coli Stx1-producing phage H-19B and the E. coli Stx2-producing phage 933W were investigated by DNA cross-hybridization of phage genomes and by nucleotide sequencing of an 8,053-bp DNA region of the phage 7888 genome flanking the stx genes. By these methods, a high similarity was found between phages 7888 and 933W. Much less similarity was found between phages H-19B and 7888. As in the other Stx phages, a regulatory region involved in Q-dependent expression is found upstream of stxA and stxB (stx gene) in phage 7888. The morphology of phage 7888 was similar to that of phage 933W, which shows a hexagonal head and a short tail. Our findings demonstrate that stx genes are naturally transferable and are expressed in strains of S. sonnei, which points to the continuous evolution of human-pathogenic Shigella by horizontal gene transfer.

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Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Potentially New Shigella dysenteriae Serotype

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.39.2.618-621.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 618-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. S. Coimbra ◽

P. Lenormand ◽

F. Grimont ◽

P. Bouvet ◽

S. Matsushita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Phenotypic Characterization

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INTERSUBGROUP AND INTRASUBGROUP ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE GENUS SHIGELLA: SUBGROUP A

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m61-037 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 303-308

Author(s):

W. H. Ewing ◽

Jane G. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Shigella Boydii ◽

O Antigens ◽

Antigenic Relationships

Intersubgroup antigenic relationships between the O antigens of cultures of Shigella dysenteriae 2 and 10 (subgroup A) and those of strains of Shigella boydii 1 (subgroup C) and between the O antigens of cultures of S. dysenteriae 8 and those strains of S. boydii 15 were reported. Also, several previously reported intra- and inter-subgroup relationships were confirmed and further elucidated. The relationships were important in definitive typing of the bacteria.

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Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of Cephradine Benzoate

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v10i3.8356 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 148-151

Author(s):

M Ahmad ◽

M Rahman ◽

P Kumar Paul

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Nmr Studies ◽

Shigella Boydii ◽

Group B

Aims & Methods: The present study was undertaken to compare the antibacterial activity of a cephradine derivative with that of the parent antibiotic cephradine. Cephradine was converted to its benzoyl derivative by Schotten-Baumann method for the first time. Disc diffusion method was employed to find out the antibacterial activity against EPEC, ETEC, E. Agg, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella group B, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella dysenteriae 2, Shigella flexinariae and Shigella sonnei. Melting point, TLC, HPLC, UV, FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR studies were carried out to check the purity and confirm that the derivative was cephradine benzoate. Results: The benzoyl derivative showed promising activity against tested bacteria. The results obtained from the study demonstrate that the benzoyl derivative could be a potential antibacterial agent. Key words: Cephradine benzoate, antibacterial activity, disc diffusion method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bjms.v10i3.8356 BJMS 2011; 10(3): 148-151

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