scholarly journals The Effects of Muscle Activation of Upper and Lower Serratus Anterior During Scapular Protraction Exercises With Unstable Surface in Sitting Position

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Tae-Jin Jang ◽  
Byeong-Hun Hwang ◽  
In-Cheol Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Unstable Surface

Shoulder Muscle Activation Levels During the Push-Up-Plus Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela J.B. Torres ◽  
André L.T. Pirauá ◽  
Vinícius Y.S. Nascimento ◽  
Priscila S. dos Santos ◽  
Natália B. Beltrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Push Up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the use of stable and unstable surfaces on electromyography (EMG) activity and coactivation of the scapular and upper-limb muscles during the push-up plus (with full protraction of the scapula). Muscle activation of anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), pectoralis major, biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) levels and coactivation index were determined by surface EMG in 20 young men during push-up plus performed on a stable and unstable condition (2 unstable devices applied to hands and feet). The paired t test and Cohen d were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that during the execution of the push-up plus on the unstable surface an increased EMG activity of the scapular stabilizing muscles (SA, MT, and LT) was observed, while AD and PD muscles showed a decrease. During exercise execution on the unstable surface there was a higher index of coactivation of the scapular muscles (SA–MT and UT–LT pairs). No significant differences were observed in TB–BB and AD–PD pairs. These results suggest that the push-up-plus exercise associated with unstable surfaces produced greater EMG activity levels and coactivation index of the scapular stabilizing muscle. On the other hand, the use of an unstable surface does not promote the same effect for the shoulder muscles.

scholarly journals Shoulder electromyography activity during push-up variations: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 175857322110193
Author(s):  
Katie L Kowalski ◽  
Denise M Connelly ◽  
Jennifer M Jakobi ◽  
Jackie Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Hands On

Background Push-ups (PU) are a common closed chain exercise used to enhance shoulder girdle stability, with variations that alter the difficulty or target specific muscles. To appropriately select and prescribe PU exercises, an understanding of muscle activity during variations of the PU is needed. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify common PU variations and describe their muscle activation levels. Methods Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus for articles published between January 2000 and November 2019. Results Three hundred three articles were screened for eligibility with 30 articles included in the analysis. Six PU types and five muscles met the criteria for analysis. Weighted mean electromyography (EMG) amplitude was calculated for each muscle across PU types and for each PU type as a measure of global muscle activity. Triceps and pectoralis major had the highest EMG amplitude during unstable, suspension, incline with hands on a ball and the standard PU. Serratus anterior had the highest EMG amplitude during PU plus and incline PU. The greatest global EMG amplitude occurred during unstable surface PU. Discussion These results provide clinicians with a framework for prescribing PU to target specific muscles and scale exercise difficulty to facilitate rehabilitation outcomes.

Serratus Anterior Muscle Activation During Different Push-up Exercises: A Critically Appraised Topic

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Taylor Meier ◽  
Brice Snyder ◽  
Jennifer W. Cuchna ◽  
Johanna M. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Weight Bearing ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Push Up

Clinical Question:In a healthy adult population, which push-up position produces the greatest mean serratus anterior (SA) activation, expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)?Clinical Bottom Line:In a healthy population, there is moderate evidence to support the use of the standard push-up on an unstable surface, elbow push-ups on stable and unstable surfaces, wall push-ups on an unstable surface, the full weight-bearing position using the Cuff Link system, and all three hand positions (shoulder width, wide base, and narrow base) with and without the use of the Perfect Pushup™ handgrips for the purpose of SA strengthening. These exercises produced a mean SA activation of at least 50% of the MVIC in the four cross-sectional studies that were reviewed for this critically appraised topic.

Shoulder Muscle Activation Levels During Exercises With Axial and Rotational Load on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Yan Santos Nascimento ◽  
Rafaela Joyce Barbosa Torres ◽  
Natália Barros Beltrão ◽  
Priscila Soares dos Santos ◽  
André Luiz Torres Pirauá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Rotational Load

This study evaluated the effects of instability on the EMG activity of scapular stabilizing and upper limb muscles during exercises with axial and rotational load. Twenty male volunteers (20.9 ± 1.8 years, 174.1 ± 0.04 cm, 73.17 ± 8.77 kg) experienced in strength training participated in a crossover design. Muscle activation of anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), pectoralis major (PM), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) were determined on both conditions. Participants performed a single series of 10 repetitions of bench press and fly exercises on stable (bench) and unstable (proprioceptive disc) conditions at 60% of 1-RM. The Friedman test and post hoc Dunn’s indicated that the unstable condition showed greater EMG activity for AD (P = .001) and BB (P = .002) on the fly exercise, SA (P = .001) and LT (P = .048) on the bench press, and PM (P ≤ .002) on both exercises. These results show that using an unstable surface in exercises with rotational load provides superior EMG activity of the agonist muscles, while in exercise with axial load, the instability favors EMG activity of the scapular stabilizing muscles.

The Addition of Real-time Ultrasound Visual Feedback to Manual Facilitation Increases Serratus Anterior Activation in Adults With Painful Shoulders: A Randomized Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanda J McKenna ◽  
Luke Bonnett ◽  
Kelly Panzich ◽  
Jacinta Lim ◽  
Snorre K Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Subacromial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Serratus anterior (SA) muscle activation may be decreased with subacromial pain syndrome. Determining whether real-time ultrasound (RTUS) can improve SA muscle activation may improve physical therapist interventions for subacromial pain syndrome. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of RTUS visual feedback increased the activation of SA in adults with painful shoulders in comparison to manual facilitation alone. Design This was an assessor-masked, 2-period, randomized crossover trial. Setting The setting was a university medical imaging laboratory. Participants Adults with mild to moderate unilateral subacromial pain received both interventions in random order with at least a 1-week washout between interventions. Fourteen participants were randomized to receive manual facilitation with RTUS first, and 13 were randomized to receive manual facilitation only first. Intervention The intervention was 15 repetitions of a supine “serratus punch” facilitated by manual facilitation with RTUS visual feedback or manual facilitation alone. Measurements Levels of SA activation were measured with surface electromyography normalized to a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results A total of 25 participants completed the full trial of both interventions. Data from 25 participant periods for RTUS with manual facilitation and data from 26 participant periods for manual facilitation only were analyzed. The predicted marginal mean difference between interventions was 55.5% (95% CI = 13.9% to 97.1%) (P = .009), favoring the addition of RTUS feedback. No adverse effects occurred. Limitations The results are applicable only to mild to moderate levels of shoulder pain, and it is unknown whether the addition of RTUS visual feedback reduces pain or disability. Conclusion Manual facilitation with RTUS visual feedback increased SA activation in adults with painful shoulders compared with manual facilitation alone. Impact Determining if real-time ultrasound (RTUS) can improve SA muscle activation may help clinicians improve physical therapist interventions for subacromial pain syndrome.

scholarly journals Shoulder External Rotation Fatigue and Scapular Muscle Activation and Kinematics in Overhead Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithun Joshi ◽  
Charles A. Thigpen ◽  
Kevin Bunn ◽  
Spero G. Karas ◽  
Darin A. Padua
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Scapular Kinematics ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Context: Glenohumeral external rotation (GH ER) muscle fatigue might contribute to shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Few researchers have examined the effect of such fatigue on scapular kinematics and muscle activation during a functional movement pattern. Objective: To examine the effects of GH ER muscle fatigue on upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and infraspinatus muscle activation and to examine scapular kinematics during a diagonal movement task in overhead athletes. Setting: Human performance research laboratory. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Patients or Other Participants: Our study included 25 overhead athletes (15 men, 10 women; age = 20 ± 2 years, height = 180 ± 11 cm, mass = 80 ± 11 kg) without a history of shoulder pain on the dominant side. Intervention(s): We tested the healthy, dominant shoulder through a diagonal movement task before and after a fatiguing exercise involving low-resistance, high-repetition, prone GH ER from 0° to 75° with the shoulder in 90° of abduction. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity for the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and infraspinatus. An electromyographic motion analysis system was used to assess 3-dimensional scapular kinematics. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (phase × condition) were used to test for differences. Results: We found a decrease in ascending-phase and descending-phase lower trapezius activity (F1,25 = 5.098, P = .03) and an increase in descending-phase infraspinatus activity (F1,25 = 5.534, P = .03) after the fatigue protocol. We also found an increase in scapular upward rotation (F1,24 = 3.7, P = .04) postfatigue. Conclusions: The GH ER muscle fatigue protocol used in this study caused decreased lower trapezius and increased infraspinatus activation concurrent with increased scapular upward rotation range of motion during the functional task. This highlights the interdependence of scapular and glenohumeral force couples. Fatigue-induced alterations in the lower trapezius might predispose the infraspinatus to injury through chronically increased activation.

scholarly journals Thoracic posture, shoulder muscle activation patterns and isokinetic strength of semi-professional rugby union players

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bolton ◽  
SJ Moss ◽  
M Sparks ◽  
PC Venter
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Background. Shoulder injuries are the most severe injuries in rugby union players, accounting for almost 20% of injuries related to the sport and resulting in lost playing hours.Objective. To profile the thoracic posture, scapular muscle activation patterns and rotator cuff muscle isokinetic strength of semi-professionalrugby union players.Methods. Using the hand-behind-the-neck and -back methods, we manually tested the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joints of 91 uninjured semi-professional rugby union players who consented to participate in the study. Profiling and classification of thoracic posture was performed according to the New York Posture Test. Activation patterns of the upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior and infraspinatus scapular muscles were determined by electromyography. The isokinetic muscle strength of the rotator cuff muscles was determined at 60°/sec by measuring the concentric and eccentric forces during internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER).Results. Participants presented with non-ideal or unsatisfactory internal (59%) and external (85%) rotators of the shoulder. A slightly abnormal or abnormal forward head posture was observed in 55% of participants, while 68% had an abnormal shoulder position in the lateral view. The muscle activation sequence of the rotator cuff muscles was: (i) serratus anterior, (ii) lower trapezius, (iii) infraspinatus, and (iv) upper trapezius. The isokinetic ER/IR muscle-strength ratio during concentric muscle contraction was 64% (standard deviation (SD) ±14) for the left shoulder and 54% (SD ±10) for the right shoulder. The ER/IR ratio for eccentric muscle contraction was 67% (SD ±12) and 61% (SD ±9) for the left and right shoulders, respectively.Conclusions. Non-ideal or unsatisfactory flexibility of the external rotators of the shoulder, a forward shoulder posture in the lateral view, and weakness of the external rotators did not result in an abnormal rotator cuff muscle activation pattern in this study. Postural deviations may, however, increase the risk of shoulder injury in rugby union players in the long term, and should be corrected.

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