scholarly journals Toe-of-slope facies of the Eocene limestones in Aghioi Pantes sequence (Zakynthos island, Western Greece)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Μ. ΚΑΤΗ
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
Carbonate Sequence ◽  
Western Greece ◽  
Water Carbonate ◽  
Water Facies

The facies analysis of the Eocene limestones in the Aghioi Pantes section in central Zakynthos, part of the Preapulian carbonate sequence in the greater area, showed three megafacies types: a) graded beds, in which two main subtypes have been recognized, medium- to thin-bedded calcarenites-calcilutites and thick-bedded ruditic calcarenites, consisting mainly of redeposited shallow-water carbonate sands (mostly bioclasts of nummulites and echinoids); based on their sedimentary structures they have been interpreted as low density turbidite and high density turbidite (or sandy debris flows) deposits correspondingly, b) calcareous conglomerates consisting of shallow-water facies lithoclasts and abundant pelagic intraclasts all of which have been interpreted as debris flow deposits and c) folded strata of pelagic-hemipelagic composition that have been interpreted as slumps. Subsequently, the studied limestones constitute exclusively deep-water resedimented facies having been deposited mainly through sediment gravity flows, carrying significant amounts of shallow-water bio- lithoclastic material. The distribution and the organization of this facies association, with the dominance in particular of the base cut-out turbidites, suggest as depositional environment of the studied Eocene limestones a "low" in the outer slope connecting the Preapulian platform with the adjacent Ionian basin.

Batocrinidae (Crinoidea) from the Lower Mississippian (lower Viséan) Fort Payne Formation of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama: systematics, geographic occurrences, and facies distribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-712
Author(s):  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Elizabeth C. Rhenberg ◽  
David L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Carbonate Facies ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Carbonate ◽  
Shallow Water Carbonate ◽  
Water Facies ◽  
Mixed Carbonate

AbstractThe Batocrinidae are characteristic faunal elements in Lower Mississippian shallow-marine settings in North America. Recent delineation of objectively defined genera allows a reexamination of batocrinid species and their distribution in the Fort Payne Formation (early Viséan, late Osagean), a well-studied array of carbonate and siliciclastic facies. The Fort Payne batocrinid fauna has 14 species assigned to six genera, plus hybrid specimens.Magnuscrinus spinosus(Miller and Gurley, 1895a) is reassigned to its original placement inEretmocrinus. Hybrid specimens (Ausich and Meyer, 1994) are regarded asEretmocrinus magnificus×Eretmocrinus spinosus.Macrocrinus casualisis the dominant species ofMacrocrinusin the Fort Payne, andM.mundulusandM.strotobasilarisare recognized in the Fort Payne Formation for the first time.Magnuscrinus cumberlandensisn. sp. is named, 13 species are designated as junior synonyms, the name for the hybrid specimens is changed toEretmocrinus magnificus×Eretmocrinus spinosus, and the previous occurrences of two species in the Fort Payne are rejected. The Eastern Interior Seaway was a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic setting with both shallow- and deep-water epicontinental sea facies ranging from relatively shallow autochthonous green shales to deep-water turbidite facies.Dizygocrinuswas restricted to shallow-water carbonate and siliciclastic facies,Eutrochocrinuswas restricted to shallow-water carbonate facies, andMagnuscrinuswas restricted to deep-water facies. Species distributions varied fromAbatocrinus steropes,Alloprosallocrinus conicus,Macrocrinus mundulus, andUperocrinus nashvillae, which occurred throughout the Eastern Interior Seaway, to species that were restricted to a single facies.Eretmocrinus magnificus,Alloprosallocrinus conicus, andUperocrinus robustuswere the dominant batocrinids in the Fort Payne Formation.UUID:http://zoobank.org/703aafd8-4c73-4edc-9870-e2356e2d28b8

scholarly journals Facies Analysis of Eocene Sediment of Umuahia Area, Southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
A. C. Ezebunanwa ◽  
J. I. Eronin ◽  
V. Okorie ◽  
E. C. Mbagwu ◽  
Njoku Achu Uchenna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Fine Grained

This research work is the detailed facies analysis of the depositional environments and paleogeographic setting of the Eocene sedimentary sequence (Ameki Formations) exposed in the Umuahia area and paleoclimate during that periods. The study area was mainly concentrated around Amaudara inUmuahia South and Ekeoha in Umuahia North. And the co-ordinate are as follows,location-1 0.5°30.80N, 0.7°26.93E, location-2 0.5°30.39N, 0.7°26.62E, location-3 0.5° 32.83N, 0.7°27.24 E and location-4 0.5°32.19 N, 0.7°26.13 E. The aim of the study is to analyze the detailed sedimentary facies and describe the depositional environment in other to predict the depositional environment of the Eocene sediment (Ameki Formation) of the study area, which is underlain by rock unit of Ameki and predominately contains Laterite, mudstone, siltstone, claystone, sandstone and shale and Burrows were identified. The rock sequence consist of reddish lateritic material, highly weathered mudstone capped with ripped bedded kaolinite clay unit, light grey claystone, cross-bedded sandstone with claystone, whitish sandstone, siltystone, fine-medium grained sandstone with pockets of mudclast capped with ferruginized ground and dark grey shale. On the basis of gross lithology, sand-silt-clay percentage, color, texture and assemblage of sedimentary structure, eight distinct lithofacies type were recognized, grey shale facie (Gs), clay stone facie (Cs), cross-bedded sandstone facie (Cbs), mudstone facie (Mf), lateritic facie (Lf), mudstone facie (Bms), ferruginized sandstone facie (Fsf), sandstone facie (Bsf) are recognized within the lithosuccesion. From the analysis, the facies are grouped into two facie association on the basis of grain size. The Fine-grained facies association (FFA) which consist of Gs, Cbs, Cs, Mf and Fst and the Medium to Fine-grained facies association (MFA) which also consist of Bms, Bsf and Lf. It also shows medium grained sand, moderately sorted to well sorted sandstone, Skewness ranged from symmetrical to positive skewed and kurtosis showed leptokurtic. Deduction from facies analysis and grain size analysis shows that Ameki Formation consist of foraminifera and Mollusca which indicate that Ameki Formation was deposited in the estuarine(Marine) environment.

scholarly journals A Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of the Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation, Southeastern Wairarapa, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lockie Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Large River ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Type Section ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Interpretation ◽  
Head Area ◽  
Water Facies

<p>Two sections from the northern part of the Nga-Waka-A-Kupe Range have been documented in detail. Both sections were expected to cut through sediments of Pleistocene age which at the southern end of the range have been attributed to the Greycliffs Formation, Pukenui Limestone, Hautotara and Te Muna Formations. The Longbush Road section only included the upper Pukenui Limestone to Hautotara Formation. The Hinakura Road section was as expected and included the entire Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation. Previous works in the Popes Head area have recognised the same sequence there. However, only a few correlations can confidently be made between the two areas. This is largely due to the Pukenui Limestone at Popes Head exhibiting a markedly different set of facies to the section in the southern part of the range – its type section.  The facies analysis on the two sections here reveals that the depositional environment for the Pukenui Limestone in the Popes Head area is of a near-coastal environment close to the discharge of a large river, where the nearby type section is interpreted as representing deeper marine conditions. The differences in environments could be due to shallowing section or increased discharge from the river in the Popes Head area. More likely, however, it is a combination of these two factors that result in a shallow-water facies.</p>

Depositional environment control on the geochemical signal of ancient shallow-water carbonates (Upper Jurassic, French Jura)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Courgeon ◽  
Yasin Makhloufi ◽  
Lucas Vimpere ◽  
Michel Meyer ◽  
Elias Samankassou
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
French Jura ◽  
Water Carbonate ◽  
Shallow Water Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Deposits

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Chemostratigraphy has become a key tool to study shallow-water carbonate systems and propose insightful time correlations where biostratigraphic markers are limited. However, the bulk geochemical signal of shallow-water carbonate deposits commonly results from the superposition of local and global trends. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;dditionally, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;the shallow-water carbonate deposits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; frequently undergo intense diagenetic alteration obliterating the original seawater signature.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Based on three well-constrained Upper Jurassic sections of the French Jura, this study aims at discussing the control of the original depositional environment on the bulk geochemical signature of ancient shallow-water carbonates. Using isotope ratios &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C, &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;O, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr), elemental concentrations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Sr, Al, U) and statistical methods, this paper shows that two main processes, closely linked to the depositional environments and associated conditions, control the overall signature of bulk samples of the studied deposits: the detrital input and the diagenetic effects. The detrital input, identified by increase in Fe, Al, Mn and U concentrations, is the highest in very proximal areas (supra- and intertidal domains) affected by terrestrial organic matter and pedogenetic material influx, and in distal realms (open sea) characterized by fine terrigenous fraction deriving from continental landmass erosion. The diagenetic effect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; can be subdivided into two processes: the dolomitization and the diagenetic imprint. The dolomitization, associated to increase in Mg and &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;O, mostly concerns supra- and intertidal deposits affected by refluxing evaporitic-derived brines. The diagenetic imprint, mainly associated to decrease of &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C, &lt;/span&gt;&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;O and increase in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr, is the most important in platform margin deposits associated to high primary porosities enhancing fluid-rock interactions during burial &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;/or meteoric&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; diagenesis. Because of these processes, time correlations are overall very difficult to establish between the studied sections.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The combined analyses of depositional environments and geochemical signal finally led to the conclusion that the concept of &amp;#8220;geochemical facies&amp;#8221; might represent an interesting tool to discuss depositional conditions and diagenetic effects along specific depositional models.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; This integrated study provides (1) relevant results to step back on challenging chemostratigraphic interpretations in shallow-water carbonate settings and (2) new insights into the complex sedimentological, diagenetic and geochemical interactions in shallow-water carbonate depositional systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of the Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation, Southeastern Wairarapa, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lockie Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Large River ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Type Section ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Interpretation ◽  
Head Area ◽  
Water Facies

<p>Two sections from the northern part of the Nga-Waka-A-Kupe Range have been documented in detail. Both sections were expected to cut through sediments of Pleistocene age which at the southern end of the range have been attributed to the Greycliffs Formation, Pukenui Limestone, Hautotara and Te Muna Formations. The Longbush Road section only included the upper Pukenui Limestone to Hautotara Formation. The Hinakura Road section was as expected and included the entire Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation. Previous works in the Popes Head area have recognised the same sequence there. However, only a few correlations can confidently be made between the two areas. This is largely due to the Pukenui Limestone at Popes Head exhibiting a markedly different set of facies to the section in the southern part of the range – its type section.  The facies analysis on the two sections here reveals that the depositional environment for the Pukenui Limestone in the Popes Head area is of a near-coastal environment close to the discharge of a large river, where the nearby type section is interpreted as representing deeper marine conditions. The differences in environments could be due to shallowing section or increased discharge from the river in the Popes Head area. More likely, however, it is a combination of these two factors that result in a shallow-water facies.</p>

Characteristics of Facies Associations, Ichnofacies and Microfossils for Depositional Environment Interpretation of The Clastic Pulau Balang Formation, Samarinda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Andika
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Intertidal Flat ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Facies Associations

The Kutai Basin contains prolific reserves of oil and gas. The study of depositional environments is one of the goals of oil and gas exploration. The location of this research is situated in the Tanah Merah area, Samarinda. The objective of this research was to analyse outcrops of the Pulau Balang Formation exposed in the Tanah Merah area to determine the depositional environment. Site specific studies were conducted at 3 localities in this area; TM1, TM2 and TM3. This study combines geological mapping, measured sections, facies analysis, petrography, ichnofacies analysis and microfossil analysis. Geological mapping was carried out to determine the distribution of rock units and geological structures. Measured sections were used for facies analysis and the identification of sedimentary structures and ichnofacies. Petrography was carried out to determine the mineral content of rocks and microfossil analysis for palaeobathymetric environmental analysis. The geological structure of the study area comprises a NE-SW trending anticline and syncline and a left lateral strike-slip fault with E-W direction. The study area is entirely within the Middle Miocene age Pulau Balang Formation and can be divided into three facies associations. The TM1 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a supratidal marsh and intertidal flat environment. The TM2 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environment. The TM3 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a shoreface environment. The petrography of the study area indicates that rock units predominantly comprise quartz wacke and lithic wacke. Two ichnofacies were identified in the research area 2, namely the Skolithos ichnofacies and the Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies and contain ichnogenera namely Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Planolites, Thalassinoides, Paaleophycus. Microfossil analysis found benthonic foraminifera species including Nodosaria lamellala, N. radicula, Vaginulinopsis tricarinata, Lagena costata, Striatissima vaginulina, Bulimina lappa, Planularia auris, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Bolivina punctata and Lahena laevis. Based on the presence of these microfossils and ichnofacies, it is interpreted that the research area was deposited in a neritic-bathyal environment.

Phragmolites (Gastropoda) from the Late Ordovician of the Peruvian Altiplano

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ove R. Ebbestad ◽  
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Carbonate Facies ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Carbonate ◽  
Shallow Water Carbonate ◽  
Water Facies

AbstractPhragmolites lissoni new species is described from 11 specimens found in the Sandbian Calapuja Formation near Calapuja in Peru. The deposits are part of the Central Andean Basin. This is the hitherto only systematically described Ordovician gastropod from Peru. The species is from a brachiopod-dominated siliciclastic sequence and is associated with bryozoans. Most specimens are preserved as external molds, but latex casts yield excellent details of shell ornamentation and are used as a basis for evaluating this feature in the genus. The characteristic ornamentation of Phragmolites should be called corrugated lamellae, and the individual elements on these should be referred to as flutes. A descriptive terminology for these is suggested. The development and shape of the corrugated lamellae and flutes could be biomechanical process. A second component in lamellar formation is the alternation between regular incremental growth and formation of a lamella. Phragmolites is mainly found in shallow-water carbonate facies from tropical latitudes in the Sandbian and a mid-latitude presence in Peru is unexpected. Brachiopods from the same section in Calapuja show affinities with faunas of the Mediterranean margin of Gondwana but also weak links with Avalonia. Phragmolites is found abundantly in deeper-water facies in Laurentia, and a broad tolerance to facies and temperature and possible planktotrophy might have allowed a wide geographical dispersal of the genus. The scant record of Ordovician gastropods in the Central Andean Basin precludes comparison with the disparate record of the Ordovician gastropod taxa from the Precordillera, which do not include Phragmolites.UUID: http://zoobank.org/References/fbd7a43e-a610-42fd-a31d-b1a16fa69c9b

New Findings On an Orbitolinid Foraminifer Coskinolinella Bariensis (luperto-sinni & Reina, 1992) from the Albian Shallow-water Carbonate Sequence of the Bey Dağlari (s Turkey)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Tasli ◽  
Cemile Solak
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Carbonate Sequence ◽  
Water Carbonate ◽  
Shallow Water Carbonate ◽  
Chamber Floor

Abstract The orbitolinid foraminifer Heterocoskinolina bariensis Luperto-Sinni & Reina, 1992, which was first described from the Cenomanian (lower?) of the Apulian Carbonate Platform (southern Italy), has also been found in a Cretaceous shallow-water carbonate sequence of the Bey Dağları Carbonate Platform (Western Taurides, southern Turkey). The morphological analysis, based on numerous successive acetate-peels, revealed annular chambers subdivided into wedge-like chamberlets ( = cupulae) by apparent “radial partitions” produced by the strong infolding of the chamber floor; these are characteristic of the genus Coskinolinella Delmas & Deloffre, 1961. Specimens were compared with descriptions and images of closely related taxa. The stratigraphic position of C. bariensis was determined as upper Albian, based on its occurrence 50 m below the lower–middle Cenomanian Sellialveolina gr. viallii Zone and the presence of Protochrysalidina elongata. Because of its restricted stratigraphic range, this species may have age-diagnostic value for Cretaceous biostratigraphy in restricted platform facies. Other benthic foraminifera, some poorly known, are also documented and illustrated from this same shallow-water carbonate sequence.

Benthic foraminiferal zonation in deep-water carbonate platform margin environments, northern Little Bahama Bank

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sediment Gravity Flows ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Water Carbonate

The utility of benthic foraminifera in bathymetric interpretation of clastic depositional environments is well established. In contrast, bathymetric distribution of benthic foraminifera in deep-water carbonate environments has been largely neglected. Approximately 260 species and morphotypes of benthic foraminifera were identified from 12 piston core tops and grab samples collected along two traverses 25 km apart across the northern windward margin of Little Bahama Bank at depths of 275-1,135 m. Certain species and operational taxonomic groups of benthic foraminifera correspond to major near-surface sedimentary facies of the windward margin of Little Bahama Bank and serve as reliable depth indicators. Globocassidulina subglobosa, Cibicides rugosus, and Cibicides wuellerstorfi are all reliable depth indicators, being most abundant at depths &gt;1,000 m, and are found in lower slope periplatform aprons, which are primarily comprised of sediment gravity flows. Reef-dwelling peneroplids and soritids (suborder Miliolina) and rotaliines (suborder Rotaliina) are most abundant at depths &lt;300 m, reflecting downslope bottom transport in proximity to bank-margin reefs. Small miliolines, rosalinids, and discorbids are abundant in periplatform ooze at depths &lt;300 m and are winnowed from the carbonate platform. Increased variation in assemblage diversity below 900 m reflects mixing of shallow- and deep-water species by sediment gravity flows.

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