scholarly journals ΟΙ ΠΡΟΤΕΣΤΑΝΤΙΚΕΣ ΙΔΕΕΣ, Ο MARK TWAIN ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΠΡΟΤΥΠΟ TOΥ ΠΑΙΔΙΚΟΥ ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΑ ΣΤΟ ΜΙΣΣΙΟΝΑΡΙΚΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ (19ΟΣ ΑΙ.)

Μνήμων ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
ΠΟΛΛΗ ΘΑΝΑΗΛΑΚΗ
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
American Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
American Author ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

<p>Polly Thanailaki, The protestant ideas, Mark Twain and the model of the child's character in the missionary books in Greece in the 19th century</p><p>This essay explores the historical evolution which was observed in the shaping of the child's model of character in the American literature books of the 19th century within the frame of the protestant ideas and values. It also studies the impact of this development in the missionary books for children in Greece in the same century. We particularly focus on Mark Twain's revolutionary presence in the American children's literature by, firstly, placing emphasis on the change that the great American author made to the strict puritan model with the shaping of a more liberal and «innocent» children's character and, secondly, by analyzing the response which Twain's books met from the Greek 19th century readers. In this paper we argue that Twain's writing, known for realism, biting social satire and memorable children's characters, influenced the Greek children's literature in the end of the 19th century. The translations of his works started taking the lead in the end of this century in Greece. Moreover, this essay studies the re-shaping of the child's character in the missionary books published in Greece in the mid 19th century. The missionaries also followed the new trend for the children's character. The missionary stories appeared less didactic and strict.</p>

scholarly journals Wymarzony prezent pod choinkę. O zabawkach świątecznych w literaturze i czasopismach adresowanych do dzieci II połowy XIX i początku XX wieku

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-105
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kabacińska-Łuczak ◽  
Monika Nawrot-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Developing Trend ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Timeless attributes of children’s games, i.e. toys, have been made the subject of research. The authors focus on the toys received by children from Polish families during Christmas. The aim of these analyses is therefore to characterise Christmas children’s toys presented in two types of sources intentionally addressed to children: children’s literature and press. The research covers the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the following century. The article in its subject matter refers to the Authors’ earlier research on Christmas toys and is in line with the ever developing trend of research on toys from the historical and pedagogical perspective.

Cultural and Social Inclusion Efforts – A Significant Aspect of Early Lithuanian Children’s Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Džiuljeta Maskuliūniene ◽  
◽  
Bronius Maskuliūnas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inclusive Society ◽  
The 19Th Century

Children’s literature is an important part of national culture. Its mission has always been to help mature a young person, to form valuable foundations of personality. The aim of the article is to reveal the work of early Lithuanian children’s literature, especially of the 19th century, playing an important role in the life of society, i. e. playing the role of a mechanism of cultural and social inclusion, changing society and human mentality. It is necessary to emphasise that the field of children’s literature discussed here also includes early Lithuanian writing, which cannot be directly considered children’s literature, but it undoubtedly integrated the care for children (in the form of catechisms, elementary publishing, etc.). What functions of cultural and social inclusion did the texts intended for children (or also for children) perform, and what impact did they have? Methods used: sociology of literature, cultural analysis, interpretation of the text. The phenomenon of inclusion is an important aspect of Lithuanian children’s literature and culture. This is also testified by the history of Lithuanian books for children and works of particular writers. It is significant that in the cultural situation of the 19th century, children’s literature contributed to overcoming children’s illiteracy and helped create and unite the readership community in the making. Children (and often youth) were getting used to the book, a completely new form of communication for them. Little by little, people became aware of the importance of reading, writing, and education in general. Some texts of educational type have been left by Lithuanian writers of the 18th–19th centuries, and their traditions were continued by the creators of the early 20th century, portraying the fate of the book smuggler, the wish of a country child to learn, the authority of a published book, and other similar aspects. The book and the ability to read decrease seclusion, include the child and the youth into community life, and open wider horizons for thinking. Different aspects of inclusion (and there are more of them than mentioned in this paper) can also be found in modern children’s literature. A book and literature dedicated to the child or young person help to survive social seclusion, isolation and show the ways and means of overcoming them. Finally, children’s literature adjusts to the social environment, participates in society modelling, change, and establishes itself as an integral part of an inclusive society. Today children’s literature is perceived as an integral part of an inclusive society.

scholarly journals On the Cusp of the Canon

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Sandra Williams
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
The Secret Garden ◽  
Alice's Adventures In Wonderland ◽  
Alice’S Adventures In Wonderland ◽  
The 19Th Century

This period, the first half of the 19th century, stands on the cusp of the first Golden Age of English children’s literature. While publications from the mid-1800s onwards, such as Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, The Secret Garden and The Wind in the Willows, have become part of the cultural landscape, those from the first half of the 19th century are largely unfamiliar and forgotten. If read at all, they are studied by academics rather than read by children. Publications at that time reveal the tensions between the perceived need for improving, moralising books and those that might give pleasure to the reader. It will be argued in this article that amongst the more didactic works, there are indicators of what was to follow. Attention is drawn to chapbooks for children and to a number of titles which have enjoyed a degree of longevity.

scholarly journals "Oh, Why Can't You Remain Like This Forever!": Children's Literature, Growth, and Disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Michals ◽  
Claire McTiernan
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Disability Rights Movement ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 19Th Century

One of the foundational gestures of the disability rights movement was the rejection of the common description of people who live with physical or mental impairments as "eternal children." This paper argues that the contradictions inherent in applying this trope to adults amplify the contradictions inherent in applying it to children themselves. From its heyday in in the 19th-century "Golden Age" of children's literature to its afterlife in 20th-century disabling rhetoric, the fantasy of childhood as stasis requires denying the fact of growth.

scholarly journals Traveler children in Children’s Literature in the First Half of the 19th Century: Characters and Routes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Anna A. Dimianenko
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Lost Child ◽  
Reading Circle

The article discusses the travel of children in fiction for children, published in the first half of the 19th century. The article attempts to classify travel plots in children’s literature, analyzes the tradition of introducing travel literature and routes used by authors to describe travel in the reading circle of children. Important conclusions of the study are the analysis of the behavior of the characters and the functioning of the prescribed social norms in the space of the described journey. Sources for analysis were works written for children by A. O. Ishimova (“Vacations of 1844”; “Petrusha traveler”), A. P. Zontag (“The Lost Child”) K. Mestra (“The Young Siberian”), V. V. Lvov (“Gray armiak”, “Seryozha stepchild”), M. Gladkova (“A fifteen-day journey written by a fifteen-year-old, to please her parent, and dedicated to a fifteen-year-old friend” and the anonymous story “Little travelers or trials of youth”.

scholarly journals Произведения Клементины Хоффмановой из рода Таньских в русских переводах

2019 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Olga Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Good Mother ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Russian Children’S Literature ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century

Works of Klementyna Hoffmanowa in Russian translationsWorks of Klementyna Hoffmanowa, one of Poland’s first writers of children’s literature, were extremely popular in Poland in the 19th century. Her first book Pamiątka po dobrej Matce Remembering a Good Mother had the most astonishing success. It was followed by a series of works, almost all had a strongly expressed national character. Nevertheless, her translators into the Russian language used the Russification as a technique of translation. Polish culture was converted to the Russian culture and the text was rewritten. Russian translation of Remembering a Good Mother was published in 1827 and it was a great success because of the poverty of Russian children’s literature in the first third of the 19th century. The next adapted translation was her book of moral stories, published in Russian in 1860 and 1869. By that time, Russian children’s literature was rich and varied and adaptation as a method of translation failed.  Utwory Klementyny z Tańskich Hoffmanowej w tłumaczeniach na język rosyjskiUtwory Klementyny z Tańskich Hoffmanowej — jednej z pierwszych polskich twórczyń literatury dla dzieci i młodzieży — cieszyły się wielką popularnością w XIX wieku. Szczególne uznanie zdobyło jej debiutanckie dzieło Pamiątka po dobrej matce 1819, pisane z myślą o dorastających dziewczętach. W 1827 roku ukazała się rosyjska adaptacja Pamiątki, przystosowana do odczytania utworu w kontekście kultury rosyjskiej. W tym czasie w literaturze rosyjskiej brakowało utworów edukacyjnych poświęconych wychowaniu płci pięknej, dlatego przeróbka z polskiego uzyskała pochlebne opinie krytyków.Strategia domestykacji, czyli udomowienia tekstu źródłowego, została ponownie zastosowana przez tłumaczy w przekładach opowiadań Hoffmanowej w latach sześćdziesiątych XIX wieku. Wówczas jednak rosyjska literatura dla dzieci przeżywała rozkwit i dlatego moralno-dydaktyczne adaptacje pozbawione elementów obcości zostały pominięte przez krytyków milczeniem, przez co pozostały niemal niezauważone przez czytelników.

scholarly journals THE CHILD-BEASTIN THE CONTEXT OF THE MILITARY SATIRE OF S. MARSHAK («YONG FRITZ, OR EXAM FOR THE “BEASTNESS” CERTIFICATE»)

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Оксана Анатольевна Кравченко ◽  
Даниил Леонидович Рясов
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Research Material ◽  
German Child ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

Введение. На примере сатирического творчества С. Маршака военных лет исследуются проблемы формирования советской детской литературы 1920–1940-х гг. Актуальность исследования определяется разработкой проблематики «зверости» как ключевой метафоры идеологического воздействия на человека. Содержание статьи – анализ поэтических средств создания образа героя, изучение его генезиса и специфики выразительных средств. Цель – исследование приемов сатирического изображения ребенка-фашиста в творчестве Маршака периода Великой Отечественной войны. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования является комплекс текстов Маршака о «Юном Фрице». Указанные тексты и вопрос о генезисе их поэтики до настоящего времени не привлекали специального внимания литературоведов. Используются аналитико-описательный, культурно-исторический, герменевтический методы. Сопоставление текстов с видеорядом карикатур и кино основано на методологии интермедиального анализа. Результаты исследования. Изучение стихотворения Маршака 1941 г. «Юный Фриц, или Экзамен на аттестат “зверости”» показывает, что наглядно продемонстрированное в тексте «дурное воспитание» становится главным объектом сатиры писателя, реализованной не только в указанном стихотворении, но и в созданных на его основе произведениях других видов искусства. Отмечены традиции негативного изображения ребенка-немца в книге М. Салтыкова-Щедрина «За рубежом», ряда текстов немецких авторов второй половины XIX в. Заключение. Избранная Маршаком сатирическая стратегия изображения врага оказывается многонаправленной: поэт показал, сколь опасны педагогические достижения в моделировании человека определенного типа. Introduction. The article examines the problems of the formation of Soviet children’s literature of the 1920s-1940s using the example of the satirical works of S. Marshak of the war years. The relevance of the research is determined by the development of the problem of «beastness» as a key metaphor for the ideological impact on a person. The content of the article is an analysis of the poetic means of creating the image of hero, the study of its genesis and the specifics of expressive means. The aim is to study the techniques of satirical depiction of a fascist child in the works of Marshak during the Great Patriotic War. Material and methods. The research material is a complex of texts by Marshak about «Young Fritz». The mentioned texts and the question of the genesis of their poetics have not attracted special attention of literary critics until now. Analytical-descriptive, cultural-historical, hermeneutic methods are used. Comparison of texts with video sequences of cartoons and films is based on the methodology of intermedia analysis. Results and discussion. The study of Marshak’s 1941 poem «Young Fritz, or the exam for the “beastness” certificate» shows that the «bad upbringing» clearly demonstrated in the text becomes the main object of the writer’s satire, realized not only in this poem, but also in works of other types of art created on its basis. Traditions of a negative image of a German child in the book of M. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Zarubezhom”, a number of texts by German authors of the second half of the 19th century are noted. Conclusion. The satirical strategy of depicting the enemy chosen by Marshak turns out to be multidirectional: the poet showed how dangerous pedagogical achievements in modeling a person of a certain type are.

scholarly journals When Authenticity Goes Missing: How Monocultural Children’s Literature Is Silencing the Voices and Contributing to Invisibility of Children from Minority Backgrounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Helen Adam
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
The Impact

The importance of recognising, valuing and respecting a child’s family, culture, language and values is central to socially just education and is increasingly articulated in educational policy worldwide. Inclusive children’s literature can support children’s human rights and contribute to equitable and socially just outcomes for all children. However, evidence suggests many educational settings provide monocultural book collections which are counterproductive to principles of diversity and social justice. Further, that educators’ understandings and beliefs about diversity can contribute to inequitable provision and use of diverse books and to inequitable outcomes of book sharing for many children. This paper reports on a larger study investigating factors and relationships influencing the use of children’s literature to support principles of cultural diversity in the kindergarten rooms of long day care centres. The study was conducted within an ontological perspective of constructivism and an epistemological perspective of interpretivism informed by sociocultural theory. A mixed methods approach was adopted, and convergent design was employed interpret significant relationships and their meanings. Twenty-four educators and 110 children from four long day care centres in Western Australia participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, video-based observations, field notes, document analysis and a book audit. This study firstly identified that current book collections in kindergarten rooms of long day care centres promote mono-cultural viewpoints and ‘othering’ of minority groups through limited access to books portraying inclusive and authentic cultural diversity. Secondly, that educators had limited understandings of the role of literature in acknowledging and valuing diversity and rarely used it to promote principles of diversity, resulting in a practice of “othering” those from minority group backgrounds. The key challenges which emerged from the study concerned beliefs, understanding and confidence of educators about diversity and inclusion, and the impact of these on their approaches to promoting principles of diversity through the use of children’s books. This research contributes to discussion on the value of children’s literature in achieving international principles of diversity. These findings have important social justice implications. The outcomes of this study have implications for educators, policy makers, early childhood organisations and those providing higher education and training for early childhood educators.

scholarly journals Map of Impact of Natural Hazards

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Maria BOSTENARU DAN ◽  
◽  
Cristina Olga Gociman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
German Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the mapping of the impact of natural hazards as included in several databases reviewed or created by the author. These are: - The database of the contribution of the session series “Natural hazards’ impact on urban areas and infrastructure”, convened and co-convened by the first author over 15 years at the European Geosciences General Assembly. - A database created from reviews of students supervised by the authors in frame of the course “Protection of settlements against risks” at the home university. - A collection of historical photographs from the 19th century on different natural and man-made hazards from the Canadian Centre for Architecture, the archive review of which has been performed by the first author and which will be subject of a book to be published about the time of the conference. -Two reviewed collections, one from the exhibition and book on “Images of disasters” (German research) and one on the book “Illustrated history of natural disasters” which include major disasters from the beginning of the mankind. In frame of the paper maps of the spread of data will be presented, created using both arcGIS online and GoogleMaps (see https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zpbbz3WgVMBs.k-3vhGj- -l1M&usp=sharing), comparing the source and the type of hazard, to see eventual overlappings between the databases.

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