scholarly journals Leptin, insulin like growth factor-I levels and histology-diagnosed placental malaria in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Hagir Elsheikh ◽  
Ishag Adam ◽  
Elhassan M. Elhassan ◽  
Ahmed A. Mohammed ◽  
Ammar H. Khamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Malaria During Pregnancy

Background: There are few published data on the association between leptin, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and malaria during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate maternal and umbilical cord leptin and IGF-1 levels and malaria during pregnancy, and their association - if any - with birth weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Medani, Sudan. Medical and obstetrics history was gathered from each parturient woman (n=175) and malaria was investigated by blood film and placental histology. Maternal and umbilical cord leptin and IGF-1 levels were measured using ELISA. Results: Upon histological examination, 48 women were infected with placental malaria, and 127 were found free from the disease. Out of the 48, 2 of the patients showed signs of active infection, 3 of chronic infection and 43 of previous infection. Placental malaria and preterm delivery were associated with low birth weight (< 2500 g). Younger mothers and primigravidae had a higher risk for placental malaria infection. There was no significant difference in maternal and umbilical cord leptin and IGF-1 levels between women infected with placental malaria and those free from the disease. Conclusions: The current study showed that low birth weight was significantly associated with placental malaria. Young mothers and primigravidae had a higher risk to develop the infection. There was no significant difference in the levels of maternal and umbilical cord leptin and IGF-1 levels between women infected with placental malaria and those free from the disease. Both the levels of maternal and cord leptin and IGF-1were found not to be associated with birth weight. Abbreviations: IGF-1: Insulin like growth factor-1; LBW: Low birth weight; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PM: Placental malaria.

scholarly journals Dysfunction of Insulin‐like Growth Factor Signaling in Skeletal Muscles of Low Birth Weight Neonatal Pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Haibo Zhu ◽  
Sydney R. McCauley ◽  
Katherine R. Oliver ◽  
Kacie A. Tinnesz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Neonatal Pigs

GLYCOSYLATED FIBRONECTIN AND INHIBIN ARE LOWER AND ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE IS HIGHER IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD WHEN MOTHERS HAVE PREECLAMPSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Bridget DiPrisco ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Bhanu Kalra ◽  
Gopal V. Savjani ◽  
Zoe Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

Objective: Preeclampsia is a common disorder of pregnancy, causing significant morbidity and mortality for mothers and infants. Several molecules, including glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn), the inhibin-related proteins, anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), and the insulin-like growth factor axis, are altered in maternal plasma in the setting of preeclampsia; however, these molecules have not been previously measured in cord blood of infants born to mothers with preeclampsia, which may represent changes in fetal physiology. We evaluated potential biomarkers of preeclampsia in umbilical cord blood to fill the gap in knowledge. Methods: This is a case-control study of 196 neonates born at a tertiary teaching hospital in Boston from 2010–2017. Forty-nine neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia were matched 1:3 by gestational age, sex, and birth weight z-score with 147 controls. Eleven analytes were measured in cord blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between preeclampsia and analytes. Results: Mean cord blood levels of GlyFn and total inhibin were significantly lower in neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia compared to controls, and AMH levels were significantly higher in males born to mothers with preeclampsia than male controls. Associations remained significant after controlling for maternal and neonatal characteristics. Conclusion: Cord blood levels of GlyFn and inhibin are decreased and AMH (male) levels are increased in infants of preeclamptic mothers, which is opposite the pattern these biomarkers show in serum of mothers with preeclampsia. These molecules may be important in the pathophysiology and long-term effects of preeclampsia on the developing fetus. Abbreviations: AMH = anti-müllerian hormone; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GlyFn = glycosylated fibronectin; IGF = insulin-like growth factor; IGFBP5 = insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5; LOD = limit of detection; PAPP-A = pregnancy-associated plasma protein A; PAPP-A2 = pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2

scholarly journals CXC Ligand 9 Response to Malaria during Pregnancy Is Associated with Low-Birth-Weight Deliveries

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 3034-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Dong ◽  
Jonathan D. Kurtis ◽  
Sunthorn Pond-Tor ◽  
Edward Kabyemela ◽  
Patrick E. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Malaria During Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTPlacental infection withPlasmodium falciparumis associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and previous studies have associated increased levels of these cytokines with low birth weight (LBW), especially for malaria-infected primigravidae. To define the contribution of TNF-α and IFN-γ networks to placental-malaria-associated LBW, we measured chemokines induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ and related them to birth weight in a birth cohort of 782 mother-infant pairs residing in an area ofP. falciparumholoendemicity in Tanzania. Among primigravidae, levels of CCL2, CXC ligand 9 (CXCL9), and CXCL13 were significantly higher during malaria infection in both the placenta and peripheral blood. Placental CXCL9 and CXCL13 levels were also higher in placental blood from secundigravidae and multigravidae. In multivariate analyses adjusted for known predictors of birth weight, malaria-infected primigravidae with placental CXCL9 levels in the lowest tertile gave birth to babies who weighed 610 g more than babies born to mothers with high CXCL9 levels. CXCL9 expression is induced by IFN-γ, and the strong association between birth weight and placental CXCL9 is consistent with previous observations relating IFN-γ to poor pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Impact of placental malaria on maternal, placental and foetal cord responses and its role in pregnancy outcomes in women from Blue Nile State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ali Omer ◽  
Clara Franco-Jarava ◽  
Ali Noureldien ◽  
Mona Omer ◽  
Mutasim Abdelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected cells in the placenta results in placental malaria (PM). It activates the mother's immune cells and induces secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which might influence pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate the inflammatory environment in maternal peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood in response to PM and the extent to which this may influence maternal haemoglobin levels and birth weight.Methods A total of 185 consenting Sudanese women from Blue Nile state were enrolled in a cross sectional conducted between Jan 2012-Dec 2005. Malaria infection in the collected samples was determined microscopically, and ELISA was used to measure the plasma levels of the antibodies, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and INF γ in the collected positive and negative malaria samples. Results Elevated levels of antibodies, IL-4 and IL-10 and reduced levels of IL-6 were detected in the malaria positive samples in comparison to the negative ones in the three types of samples investigated. Maternal antibodies, IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the samples collected from the PM infected group compared to the non-infected control (P < 0.001). While the absence of PM was significantly associated with the IL-6 and maternal IFN-γ levels, maternal IL-17A, placental and umbilical cord IFN-γ levels showed no significant difference (P=0.214, P=0.065, P=0.536, respectively) due to infection. Haemoglobin level and birth weight were increased in the group with high levels of IL-6 and IL-17A, but not in the group with IL-4 and IL-10 levels. While significantly negative correlation was found between IFN-γ levels and birth weight for all three types of samples, only maternal peripheral FN-γ level was significantly positively correlated with maternal haemoglobin (r= 0.171, P =0.020).Conclusion These results suggest that PM cross-reacts with the mother’s immune response and impairs her cytokine profile, which might alter maternal haemoglobin levels and the baby's birth weight.

scholarly journals Impact of placental malaria on maternal, placental and foetal cord responses and its role in pregnancy outcomes in women from Blue Nile State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ali Omer ◽  
Clara Franco-Jarava ◽  
Ali Noureldien ◽  
Mona Omer ◽  
Mutasim Abdelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected cells in the placenta results in placental malaria (PM). It activates a mother's immune cells and induces secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which might influence pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate the inflammatory environment in maternal peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood in response to PM and the extent to which this may influence maternal haemoglobin levels and birth weight Methods A total of 185 consenting Sudanese women from Blue Nile state were enrolled in a cross sectional conducted between Jan 2012-Dec2005. Malaria infection in the collected samples was determined microscopically, and ELISA was used to measure the plasma levels of the antibodies, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and INF γ in the collected positive and negative malaria samples. Results Elevated levels of antibodies, IL-4 and IL-10 and reduced levels of IL-6 were detected in the malaria positive samples in comparison to the negative ones in the three types of samples investigated. Maternal antibodies, IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the samples collected from the PM infected group compared to the non-infected control (P < 0.001). While the absence of PM was significantly associated with the IL-6 and maternal IFN-γ levels, maternal IL-17A, placental and umbilical cord IFN-γ levels showed no significant difference (P = 0.214, P = 0.065, P = 0.536 respectively) due to infection. Haemoglobin level and birth weight were increased in the group with high levels of IL-6 and IL-17A but not in the group with IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Only maternal peripheral FN-γ level was significantly positively correlated with maternal hemoglobin (r = 0.171, P = 0.020), and baby birth weight (r = 0.233, P = 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that PM cross-reacts with the mother’s immune response and impairs her cytokine profile, which might alter maternal haemoglobin levels and the baby's birth weight.

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