scholarly journals Developments in diffusion MRI and tractography to study language network alterations following very preterm birth

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Salvan ◽  
Chiara Nosarti
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Language Network

Language is key for human interactions and relies on a well-known set of brain cortical areas linked by large-scale white-matter fasciculi. However, very little is known about the ontogeny of the language network, how it is affected by very preterm birth, or how structural connectivity profiles observable before language acquisition may predispose distinct computational mechanisms associated with later language processing. Recent advances in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and tractography are allowing researchers to provide novel, insightful understanding of the human language brain network through in vivo non-invasive investigations across the whole lifespan. Here, we propose a commentary on a series of papers which aimed to summarise the latest technological advances in neuroimaging research in order to provide future directions to study language development following very preterm birth.

scholarly journals MATERNAL DEPRESSION FOLLOWING VERY PRETERM BIRTH † 1584

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 266-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hagan ◽  
Sherryl Pope ◽  
Sharon Evans ◽  
Sue Priest ◽  
Rosie Rooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth

scholarly journals Country of first birth and neonatal outcomes in migrant and Norwegian-born parous women in Norway: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Skirnisdottir Vik ◽  
Roy Miodini Nilsen ◽  
Vigdis Aasheim ◽  
Rhonda Small ◽  
Dag Moster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Moderately Preterm

Abstract Background: This study compares subsequent birth outcomes in migrant women who had already had a child before arriving in Norway with those in migrant women whose first birth occurred in Norway. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between country of first birth and adverse neonatal outcomes (very preterm birth, moderately preterm birth, post-term birth, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, low Apgar score, stillbirth and neonatal death) in parous migrant and Norwegian-born women. Methods: National population-based study including second and subsequent singleton births in Norway from 1990-2016. Data were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway. Neonatal outcomes were compared between births to: 1) migrant women with a first birth before immigration to Norway (n=30,062) versus those with a first birth after immigration (n=66,006), and 2) Norwegian-born women with a first birth outside Norway (n=6,205) versus those with a first birth in Norway (n=514,799). Associations were estimated as crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression. Results: Migrant women with a first birth before immigrating to Norway had increased odds of adverse outcomes in subsequent births relative to those with a first birth after immigration: very preterm birth (22-31 gestational weeks (gwks); aOR=1.27; CI 1.09-1.48), moderately preterm birth (32-36 gwks; aOR=1.10; CI 1.02-1.18), post-term birth (≥42 gwks; aOR=1.19; CI 1.11-1.27), low Apgar score (<7 at 5 minutes; aOR=1.27; CI 1.16-1.39) and stillbirth (aOR=1.29; CI 1.05-1.58). Similar results were found in the sample of births to Norwegian-born women. Conclusions: The increased odds of adverse neonatal outcomes for migrant and Norwegian-born women who had their first births outside Norway should serve as a reminder of the importance of taking a careful obstetric history in these parous women to ensure appropriate care for their subsequent pregnancies and births in Norway. Keywords: immigration, parous women, neonatal outcomes, obstetric history, predictor

scholarly journals Perinatal factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding following very preterm birth < 29 weeks

2022 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. S455
Author(s):  
Meg Raymond ◽  
Christy Pylypjuk ◽  
Molly Seshia ◽  
Ruben Alvaro ◽  
Michael Helewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

scholarly journals Microstructural deficits in the thalamus of major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Gangqiang Hou ◽  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
Yingli Zhang ◽  
Hui Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
T1 Relaxation ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

Macroscopic structural abnormalities in the thalamus and thalamic circuits have been shown to contribute to the neuropathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, cytoarchitectonic properties underlying these macroscopic abnormalities remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify systematic deficits of brain architecture in depression, from structural brain network organization to microstructural properties. A multi-modal neuroimaging approach including diffusion, anatomical and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine structural-related alternations in 56 MDD patients compared with 35 age- and sex-matched controls. Structural networks were constructed and analyzed using seed-based probabilistic tractography. Morphometric measurements, including cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry (VBM), were evaluated across the whole brain. A conjunction analysis was then conducted to identify key regions showing common structural alternations across modalities. The microstructural properties, macromolecular tissue volume (MTV) and T1 relaxation times of identified key regions were then calculated. Results showed multiple alterations of structural connectivity within a set of subcortical areas and their connections to cortical regions in MDD patients. These subcortical regions included the putamen, thalamus and caudate, which are predominately involved in the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic network (LCSPT). Structural connectivity was disrupted within and between large-scale networks, mainly including subcortical networks, default mode networks and salience/ventral attention networks. Consistently, these regions also exhibited widespread volume reductions in MDD patients, specifically the bilateral thalamus, left putamen and right caudate. Importantly, the microstructural properties, T1 relaxation time of left thalamus were increased and negatively correlated with its gray matter volume in MDD patients. The present work to date sheds light on the neuropathological disruptions of LCSPT circuit in MDD, providing the first multi-modal neuroimaging evidence for the macro-micro structural abnormalities of the thalamus in patients with MDD. These findings have implications in understanding the abnormal changes of brain structures across development of MDD.

Benefit of Magnesium Sulfate Given Before Very Preterm Birth to Protect Infant Brain

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marret ◽  
L. Marpeau ◽  
J. Benichou
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Brain

Fasting during Ramadan Increases Risk of Very Preterm Birth among Arabic-Speaking Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1826-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmi M Tith ◽  
Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand ◽  
Ga Eun Lee ◽  
Jessica Healy-Profitós ◽  
Nathalie Auger
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background The impact of fasting on risk of preterm birth during Ramadan is unclear. Objectives We evaluated the association between Ramadan fasting during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth for Arab women in Canada. Methods We analyzed birth certificates from 3,123,508 deliveries in Quebec, Canada, from 1981 to 2017. We identified 78,109 births of Arabic-speaking women and determined if Ramadan occurred during any trimester of pregnancy. We calculated rates of extreme (22–27 wk), very (28–31 wk), and late (32–36 wk) preterm birth and estimated RRs and 95% CIs for the association of Ramadan fasting with risk of preterm birth by pregnancy trimester, using log-binomial regression models adjusted for maternal characteristics. Results Arabic speakers had an overall preterm birth rate of 5.53 per 100 births, but rates varied with timing of Ramadan. Among Arabic speakers, fasting during Ramadan between weeks 15–21 of the second trimester was associated with 1.33 times the risk of very preterm birth relative to no fasting (95% CI: 1.06, 1.68). Between weeks 22 and 27 of the second trimester, fasting during Ramadan was associated with 1.53 times the risk of very preterm birth (95% CI: 1.21, 1.93). Ramadan fasting was not associated with extreme or late preterm birth regardless of the trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions In this study of 78,109 births to Arabic-speaking women in Quebec, Ramadan fasting during the second pregnancy trimester was associated with the risk of very preterm birth. Optimal prenatal education about nutritional needs in the second trimester of pregnancy is recommended.

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