scholarly journals Understanding depression in type 2 diabetes: a biological approach in observational studies

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas van Sloten ◽  
Miranda Schram
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Depression is twice as common in type 2 diabetes as in the general population and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Growing evidence suggest that type 2 diabetes and depression share biological mechanisms. This brief commentary discusses current understanding of shared biological pathways, focussing on hyperglycaemia, (micro)vascular dysfunction, and low-grade inflammation. Although there is accumulating evidence that these pathways are involved in the link between type 2 diabetes and depression, direct evidence of their temporal associations is lacking because of a paucity of longitudinal studies that focus on the pathobiology of both type 2 diabetes and depression.

scholarly journals The inflammation paradox: Why are Tsimane protected against Western diseases while Westerners are not?

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Freese ◽  
Rainer Johannes Klement ◽  
Helmut Lötzerich
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
National Park ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

We here describe two apparent paradoxes concerning high CRP levels and NCD risk. One has emerged from observational studies in the Amazon region showing that the indigenous Tsimane in Bolivia appear protected against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases despite increased inflammatory markers. These findings stand in contrast to Western societies, where an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that low-grade-inflammation is the driver of NCDs. The second paradox has emerged from two field studies (Eifel studies) conducted in 2013 and 2014 with Westerners who returned to a simulated Palaeolithic lifestyle in a National park for 4 days. We had detected elevated inflammation markers, despite otherwise anti-inflammatory effects of these interventions as indicated by metabolic blood parameters. We here propose three hypotheses for this second inflammatory paradox.

scholarly journals The inflammation paradox: Why are Tsimane protected against Western diseases while Westerners are not?

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Jens Freese ◽  
Rainer Johannes Klement ◽  
Helmut Lötzerich
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
National Park ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Recently, observational studies in the Amazon region showed that the indigenous Tsimane in Bolivia appear protected against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases despite increased inflammatory markers. These findings stand in contrast to Western societies, where an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that low-grade-inflammation is the driver of NCDs. In 2013 and 2014, we carried out two field studies (Eifel studies) with Westerners who returned to a simulated Palaeolithic lifestyle in a National park for 4 days and detected elevated inflammation markers, analogous to the conditions of the Tsimane. We here propose three hypotheses for this inflammatory paradox.

scholarly journals Clustering of Insulin Resistance With Vascular Dysfunction and Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Natali ◽  
E. Toschi ◽  
S. Baldeweg ◽  
D. Ciociaro ◽  
S. Favilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes—Activation of the Inflammasomes by Circulating Metabolites

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1726-P
Author(s):  
MARIE MONLUN ◽  
VINCENT RIGALLEAU ◽  
LAURENCE BLANCO ◽  
KAMEL MOHAMMEDI ◽  
PATRICK BLANCO
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation and the progression of retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. W. Spijkerman ◽  
M.-A. Gall ◽  
L. Tarnow ◽  
J. W. R. Twisk ◽  
E. Lauritzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Activated Mast Cells Mediate Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: Interleukin-37 Could Be Beneficial

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pio Conti ◽  
Gianpaolo Ronconi ◽  
Spyridon K. Kritas ◽  
Alessandro Caraffa ◽  
Theoharis C. Theoharides
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

IL-6 as a Surrogate Biomarker: The IL-6 Clinical Value for the Diagnosis of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

1. Abstract Insulin Resistance is the leading cause of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It occurs as a result of lipid disorders and increased levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs accumulate within the insulin sensitive tissues such as muscle, liver and adipose tissues exacerbating different molecular mechanisms. Increased levels fatty acid has been documented to be strongly associated with insulin resistant states and obesity causing inflammation that eventually causes type 2-diabetes. Among the biomarkers that are accompanying low grade inflammation include IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The current review point out the importance of measuring the inflammatory biomarkers especially focusing on the conductance and measurement for IL-6 as a screening laboratory test and its diagnostic value in clinical practice.

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