scholarly journals A theoretical model of temperate phages as mediators of gut microbiome dysbiosis

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M. Lin ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Insight Into

Bacteriophages are the most prominent members of the gut microbiome, outnumbering their bacterial hosts by a factor of 10. Phages are bacteria-specific viruses that are gaining attention as highly influential regulators of the gut bacterial community. Dysregulation of the gut bacterial community contributes to dysbiosis, a microbiome disorder characterized by compositional and functional changes that contribute to disease. A role for phages in gut microbiome dysbiosis is emerging with evidence that the gut phage community is altered in dysbiosis-associated disorders such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Several recent studies have linked successful fecal microbiota transplantation to uptake of the donor’s gut phage community, offering some insight into why some recipients respond to treatment whereas others do not. Here, we review the literature supporting a role for phages in mediating the gut bacterial community, giving special attention to Western diet dysbiosis as a case study to demonstrate a theoretical phage-based mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Human Gut Microbiome Transplantation in Ileitis Prone Mice: A Tool for the Functional Characterization of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R Basson ◽  
Adrian Gomez-Nguyen ◽  
Paola Menghini ◽  
Ludovica F Buttó ◽  
Luca Di Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong digestive disease characterized by periods of severe inflammation and remission. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a variable effect on ileitis severity from human gut microbiota isolated from IBD donors in remission and that of healthy controls in a mouse model of IBD. Methods We conducted a series of single-donor intensive and nonintensive fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments using feces from IBD patients in remission and healthy non-IBD controls (N = 9 donors) in a mouse model of Crohn’s disease (CD)-like ileitis that develops ileitis in germ-free (GF) conditions (SAMP1/YitFC; N = 96 mice). Results Engraftment studies demonstrated that the microbiome of IBD in remission could have variable effects on the ileum of CD-prone mice (pro-inflammatory, nonmodulatory, or anti-inflammatory), depending on the human donor. Fecal microbiota transplantation achieved a 95% ± 0.03 genus-level engraftment of human gut taxa in mice, as confirmed at the operational taxonomic unit level. In most donors, microbiome colonization abundance patterns remained consistent over 60 days. Microbiome-based metabolic predictions of GF mice with Crohn’s or ileitic-mouse donor microbiota indicate that chronic amino/fatty acid (valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine; linoleic; P < 1e-15) alterations (and not bacterial virulence markers; P > 0.37) precede severe ileitis in mice, supporting their potential use as predictors/biomarkers in human CD. Conclusion The gut microbiome of IBD remission patients is not necessarily innocuous. Characterizing the inflammatory potential of each microbiota in IBD patients using mice may help identify the patients’ best anti-inflammatory fecal sample for future use as an anti-inflammatory microbial autograft during disease flare-ups.

scholarly journals Dynamic Colonization of Microbes and Their Functions after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel D. Chu ◽  
Jessica W. Crothers ◽  
Le T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Sean M. Kearney ◽  
Mark B. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Sick Patient ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Living Organisms

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)—transferring fecal microbes from a healthy donor to a sick patient—has shown promise for gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, unlike pharmaceuticals, fecal transplants are complex mixtures of living organisms, which must then interact with the microbes and immune system of the recipient.

Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for C. difficile Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Raseen Tariq ◽  
Tausif Syed ◽  
Devvrat Yadav ◽  
Larry J. Prokop ◽  
Siddharth Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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