scholarly journals An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi M. Daigle ◽  
Cristián J. Monaco ◽  
Ashley K. Elgin
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Mpa Network

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R toolbox that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We found that MPA networks that both protect the target species’ habitat (particularly the spawning grounds), and were spatially optimized to improve population connectivity had the highest net present value (i.e., were most profitable for the fishing industry). These higher profits were achieved primarily by reducing the distance travelled for fishing and reducing the probability of a moratorium event. These findings add to a growing body of knowledge demonstrating the importance of incorporating population connectivity in the MPA planning process, as well as the ability of this R toolbox to explore ecological and economic consequences of alternative MPA network designs.

scholarly journals An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Rémi M. Daigle ◽  
Cristián J. Monaco ◽  
Ashley K. Elgin
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
R Package ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Mpa Network

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R package that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We found that MPA networks that both protect the target species’ habitat and were spatially optimized to improve population connectivity had the highest net present value (i.e., were most profitable for the fishing industry). These higher profits were achieved primarily by reducing the distance travelled for fishing and reducing the probability of a moratorium event. These findings add to a growing body of knowledge demonstrating the importance of incorporating population connectivity in the MPA planning process, as well as the ability of this R package to explore ecological and economic consequences of alternative MPA network designs.

scholarly journals Spain and Marine Protected Areas: Recent Developments

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-855
Author(s):  
Mariano J. Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Barcelona Convention ◽  
Specially Protected Areas

Abstract Spain has just declared a new marine protected area in the Mediterranean. This follows a protective trend taken by Spanish authorities during the last decades and has permitted Spain to honour its international compromises under the Convention on Biological Diversity. It contributes to a framework of protected areas established under conventional regimes such as OSPAR, RAMSAR or EU Natura 2000. The new area protects a ‘cetacean corridor’ and will be inscribed in the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance under the Barcelona Convention regional framework.

scholarly journals Towards reducing misrepresentation of national achievements in marine protected area targets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
patrick Smallhorn-West ◽  
Hugh Govan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Area Coverage ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
International Database ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Pacific Island Nations

Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted 20 targets, known as the Aichi Targets, to benchmark progress towards protecting biodiversity. These targets include Target 11 relating to Marine Protected Area coverage and the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is the accepted international database for tracking national commitments to this target. However, measuring national progress towards conservation targets relies on sound data. This paper highlights the large-scale misrepresentation, by up to two orders of magnitude, of national marine protected area coverage from two Pacific Island nations in multiple online databases and subsequent reports, including conclusions regarding achievements of Aichi 11 commitments. It recommends that for the target driven approach to have value, users of the WDPA data should carefully consider its caveats before using their raw data and that countries should strive for a greater degree of accountability. Lastly it also concludes that protected area coverage may not be the best approach to environmental sustainability and that the remaining 19 targets should be considered to a greater extent.

Identifying deep-sea megafaunal epibenthic assemblages for use in habitat mapping and marine protected area network design

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Howell ◽  
J.S. Davies ◽  
B.E. Narayanaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
North West ◽  
Broad Scale

International efforts are currently being made to establish networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) for the purposes of conservation of marine biodiversity. One of the primary objectives of MPA networks is to achieve representation of all marine biological diversity. Since we do not know the extent of biological diversity nor its distribution and function, we use surrogates to represent biological diversity. At a broad scale, measures of the physical environment are used, however at a fine scale biological assemblages have been shown to provide better representation of known biological diversity. While there are well known descriptions of assemblages for shallow water environments, few such descriptions of deep-sea benthic assemblages have been attempted. This paper provides descriptions of deep-sea epibenthic megafaunal assemblages based on a broad-scale video and stills image survey of the upper bathyal (200–1000 m) regions of the Rockall Trough and eastern Faroe–Shetland Channel. One thousand nine hundred and eighty-seven images were analysed from 139 video transects sampled from Dangaard and Explorer Canyons, Rosemary Bank Seamount, Hatton Bank, Wyville-Thomson Ridge, and the continental slope west and north-west of Shetland. Quantitative data obtained were analysed using cluster analysis and SIMPER analysis in Primer V.6 to identify benthic assemblages and their characterizing species. Thirty-one epibenthic megafaunal assemblages are defined by their characterizing species, and their distribution in terms of site, depth, temperature and substratum type. These 31 ‘biotopes’ provide consistent units for use in biological mapping efforts and assessments of representativeness in MPA network design. To facilitate the incorporation of these biotopes into existing deep-sea classification systems the biotopes have been assigned to broad substratum types. This is consistent with the use of substratum as a surrogate in many existing systems.

scholarly journals Measuring progress in marine protection: A new set of metrics to evaluate the strength of marine protected area networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Roberts ◽  
Rebecca Valkan ◽  
Carly Cook
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Marine Protection ◽  
Mpa Network

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have proven to be a valuable tool for both promoting the sustainable use of marine resources and long-term biodiversity conservation outcomes. Targets for marine protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity have seen rapid growth in MPAs globally, with progress judged using targets for total area protected rather than evaluating growth based on the capacity to protect biodiversity. The value of a MPA network to biodiversity conservation depends on a range of attributes of both individual MPAs and portfolios of MPAs, which are not captured by simple area-based targets. Therefore, a clear and efficient set of metrics are needed to effectively evaluate progress towards building MPA networks, considering the representation and adequacy of protection for biodiversity. We developed a universally applicable set of metrics that can evaluate network structure in relation to its capacity to conserve marine biodiversity. These metrics combine properties of effective individual MPAs with metrics for their capacity to function collectively as a network. To demonstrate the value of these metrics, we apply them to the Australian MPA network, the largest in the world. Collectively, the indicators suggest that while Australia has made significant progress in building a representative and well-structured MPA network, the level of protection offered to marine biodiversity is generally low, with insufficient coverage of no-take MPAs across many bioregions. The metrics reveal how the current value of the MPA network could be greatly increased by reducing the prevalence of multi-use zones that allow extractive activities known to negatively impact biodiversity.

scholarly journals MARINE PROTECTED AREA NETWORK DESIGN: CASE STUDY OF MALUKU PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Estradivar ◽  
Christian Novia N Handayani ◽  
Dirga Daniel ◽  
Adib Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Government ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Mpa Network

Since 2014, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has started to initate the development of MPA Network in several provinces in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to provide scientific recommendations to the government and stakeholders on MPA Network design that maximizes the ecological functions, protects critical marine habitats and maintains fisheries stocks. Multi-stages spatial analysis and larva connectivity modelling using the best available data in a provincial level were applied. Until December 2015, Maluku Province had seven MPAs with a total of 288,414 ha. Based on spatial analysis, those MPAs had good Replication of critical habitats, but low Representation of critical habitats (3,8% from 20% of ideal representation percentage) that were protected within MPAs. Besides that, only five out of seven MPAs that were connected, i.e. the distance between MPAs is less than 100 km, meanwhile the other two MPAs were isolated from other MPAs. Maluku Province also had several nodes of strong larva connectivity values. This study demonstates the potential to develop an MPA Network in Maluku Province under these several considerations: (1) build new MPAs in several locations such as Buru Island, Maluku Barat Daya, Aru Islands, etc. (2) enlarge the existing MPAs, especially the small size MPAs, and (3) strengthen the roles and functions of management bodies in each MPA and promote an integrated management plan development with all MPA management bodies. Keywords MPA Network, Maluku Province, 3K (Representation, Replication and Connectivity), Larva Connectivity

Science-based and stakeholder-driven marine protected area network planning: A successful case study from north central California

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gleason ◽  
Scott McCreary ◽  
Melissa Miller-Henson ◽  
John Ugoretz ◽  
Evan Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Area Network ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central California ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Successful Case

scholarly journals Bridging the divide: Social-ecological coherence in Marine Protected Area network design

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian E. Rees ◽  
Simon J. Pittman ◽  
Nicola Foster ◽  
Olivia Langmead ◽  
Charly Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Ecological Coherence

scholarly journals When is a marine protected area network ecologically coherent? A case study from the North-east Atlantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (S2) ◽  
pp. 44-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Johnson ◽  
Jeff Ardron ◽  
David Billett ◽  
Tom Hooper ◽  
Tom Mullier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
North East ◽  
The North
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