scholarly journals An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Rémi M. Daigle ◽  
Cristián J. Monaco ◽  
Ashley K. Elgin
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
R Package ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Mpa Network

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R package that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We found that MPA networks that both protect the target species’ habitat and were spatially optimized to improve population connectivity had the highest net present value (i.e., were most profitable for the fishing industry). These higher profits were achieved primarily by reducing the distance travelled for fishing and reducing the probability of a moratorium event. These findings add to a growing body of knowledge demonstrating the importance of incorporating population connectivity in the MPA planning process, as well as the ability of this R package to explore ecological and economic consequences of alternative MPA network designs.

scholarly journals An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi M. Daigle ◽  
Cristián J. Monaco ◽  
Ashley K. Elgin
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Mpa Network

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R toolbox that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We found that MPA networks that both protect the target species’ habitat (particularly the spawning grounds), and were spatially optimized to improve population connectivity had the highest net present value (i.e., were most profitable for the fishing industry). These higher profits were achieved primarily by reducing the distance travelled for fishing and reducing the probability of a moratorium event. These findings add to a growing body of knowledge demonstrating the importance of incorporating population connectivity in the MPA planning process, as well as the ability of this R toolbox to explore ecological and economic consequences of alternative MPA network designs.

Identifying deep-sea megafaunal epibenthic assemblages for use in habitat mapping and marine protected area network design

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Howell ◽  
J.S. Davies ◽  
B.E. Narayanaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
North West ◽  
Broad Scale

International efforts are currently being made to establish networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) for the purposes of conservation of marine biodiversity. One of the primary objectives of MPA networks is to achieve representation of all marine biological diversity. Since we do not know the extent of biological diversity nor its distribution and function, we use surrogates to represent biological diversity. At a broad scale, measures of the physical environment are used, however at a fine scale biological assemblages have been shown to provide better representation of known biological diversity. While there are well known descriptions of assemblages for shallow water environments, few such descriptions of deep-sea benthic assemblages have been attempted. This paper provides descriptions of deep-sea epibenthic megafaunal assemblages based on a broad-scale video and stills image survey of the upper bathyal (200–1000 m) regions of the Rockall Trough and eastern Faroe–Shetland Channel. One thousand nine hundred and eighty-seven images were analysed from 139 video transects sampled from Dangaard and Explorer Canyons, Rosemary Bank Seamount, Hatton Bank, Wyville-Thomson Ridge, and the continental slope west and north-west of Shetland. Quantitative data obtained were analysed using cluster analysis and SIMPER analysis in Primer V.6 to identify benthic assemblages and their characterizing species. Thirty-one epibenthic megafaunal assemblages are defined by their characterizing species, and their distribution in terms of site, depth, temperature and substratum type. These 31 ‘biotopes’ provide consistent units for use in biological mapping efforts and assessments of representativeness in MPA network design. To facilitate the incorporation of these biotopes into existing deep-sea classification systems the biotopes have been assigned to broad substratum types. This is consistent with the use of substratum as a surrogate in many existing systems.

scholarly journals MARINE PROTECTED AREA NETWORK DESIGN: CASE STUDY OF MALUKU PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Estradivar ◽  
Christian Novia N Handayani ◽  
Dirga Daniel ◽  
Adib Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Government ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Mpa Network

Since 2014, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has started to initate the development of MPA Network in several provinces in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to provide scientific recommendations to the government and stakeholders on MPA Network design that maximizes the ecological functions, protects critical marine habitats and maintains fisheries stocks. Multi-stages spatial analysis and larva connectivity modelling using the best available data in a provincial level were applied. Until December 2015, Maluku Province had seven MPAs with a total of 288,414 ha. Based on spatial analysis, those MPAs had good Replication of critical habitats, but low Representation of critical habitats (3,8% from 20% of ideal representation percentage) that were protected within MPAs. Besides that, only five out of seven MPAs that were connected, i.e. the distance between MPAs is less than 100 km, meanwhile the other two MPAs were isolated from other MPAs. Maluku Province also had several nodes of strong larva connectivity values. This study demonstates the potential to develop an MPA Network in Maluku Province under these several considerations: (1) build new MPAs in several locations such as Buru Island, Maluku Barat Daya, Aru Islands, etc. (2) enlarge the existing MPAs, especially the small size MPAs, and (3) strengthen the roles and functions of management bodies in each MPA and promote an integrated management plan development with all MPA management bodies. Keywords MPA Network, Maluku Province, 3K (Representation, Replication and Connectivity), Larva Connectivity

scholarly journals Bridging the divide: Social-ecological coherence in Marine Protected Area network design

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian E. Rees ◽  
Simon J. Pittman ◽  
Nicola Foster ◽  
Olivia Langmead ◽  
Charly Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Ecological Coherence

scholarly journals When is a marine protected area network ecologically coherent? A case study from the North-east Atlantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (S2) ◽  
pp. 44-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Johnson ◽  
Jeff Ardron ◽  
David Billett ◽  
Tom Hooper ◽  
Tom Mullier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Marine protected area network design features that support resilient human-ocean systems: Applications for British Columbia, Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenn M. Burt ◽  
Phillip Akins ◽  
Erin Latham ◽  
Martina Beck ◽  
Anne K. Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Mpa Network

In this report, we synthesize the overarching principles and general guidelines that underpin the establishment of marine protected area (MPA) networks designed to meet ecological, governance, social and cultural objectives, based on the peer-reviewed literature. These guidelines are supported by scientific research, institutional experience and global case studies, and take a social-ecological systems approach to marine conservation. Information reviewed in this report suggests that the design of MPAs and MPA networks require the simultaneous consideration of ecological features and processes, governance arrangements, economic costs and benefits, as well as social and cultural values. Planners, managers and decision-makers can use the guidelines synthesized in this report to support the process of MPA network design in their local contexts. We discuss how several of the design guidelines apply to the Pacific region of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, given the federal and provincial governments have committed to establishing a bioregional network of MPAs.In this report we reviewed and synthesized:› Ecological principles and guidelines for MPA network design, with discussion and recommendations on how each of these principles could be applied in B.C.;› Species-specific movement and larval duration estimates for a selection of marine species of ecological, economic, cultural and conservation importance in B.C., with recommendations on how this can inform guidelines on the size and spacing of MPA networks in B.C.;› Overarching principles from global literature on good governance of MPAs and MPA networks;› Design goals and strategies for achieving different social objectives in MPA and MPA network planning; and› Opportunities and challenges for integrating local knowledge systems (focus on Traditional Ecological Knowledge) into marine planning and MPA design.Lastly, we assessed relevant B.C. policy documents using the ecological and good governance guideline frame- works.According to our synthesis of the literature, successful establishment and effective management of MPA networks depend on legitimate and effective governance arrangements that can accommodate ecological criteria while considering the perspectives and input of local resource users and stakeholders. Furthermore, policy makers should specify MPA objectives as this will guide design priorities, assessment and monitoring, and ensure that trade-o s are transparent.Overall, the principles and guidelines synthesized in this report support an approach to MPA design that incorporates biodiversity and ecosystem resilience objectives while recognizing human uses and values. Our compendium of information is most relevant to MPA planning processes in B.C., but can be applied and adapted to MPA and MPA network design in any other region.

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