scholarly journals Implementation and process analysis of pilot scale multi-phase anaerobic fermentation and digestion of faecal sludge in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Justin Shih ◽  
Ato Fanyin-Martin ◽  
Edris Taher ◽  
Kartik Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Background.  In Ghana, faecal sludge (FS) from on-site sanitation facilities is often discharged untreated into the environment, leading to significant insults to environmental and human health. Anaerobic digestion offers an attractive pathway for FS treatment with the concomitant production of energy in the form of methane. Another innovative option includes separating digestion into acidogenesis (production of volatile fatty acids (VFA)) and methanogenesis (production of methane), which could ultimately facilitate the production of an array of biofuels and biochemicals from the VFA. This work describes the development, implementation and modeling based analysis of a novel multiphase anaerobic fermentation-digestion process aimed at FS treatment in Kumasi, Ghana.  Methods.  A pilot-scale anaerobic fermentation process was implemented at the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly’s Oti Sanitary Landfill Site at Adanse Dompoase.  The process consisted of six 10 m3 reactors in series, which were inoculated with bovine rumen and fed with fecal sludge obtained from public toilets.  The performance of the fermentation process was characterized in terms of both aqueous and gaseous variables representing the conversion of influent organic carbon to VFA as well as CH4.  Using the operating data, the first-ever process model for FS fermentation and digestion was developed and calibrated, based on the activated sludge model framework. Results and Conclusions.  This work represents one of the first systematic efforts at integrated FS characterization and process modeling to enable anaerobic fermentation and digestion of FS. It is shown that owing to pre-fermentation of FS in public septage holding tanks, one could employ significantly smaller digesters (lower capital costs) or increased loading capabilities for FS conversion to biogas or VFA. Further, using the first-ever calibrated process model for FS fermentation and digestion presented herein, we expect improved and more mechanistically informed development and application of different process designs and configurations for global FS management practice.

Effect of addition of anaerobic fermented OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) on biological nutrient removal (BNR) process: preliminary results

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan ◽  
P. Battistoni ◽  
P. Traverso ◽  
A. Musacco ◽  
F. Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
P Release ◽  
Pure Methanol ◽  
P Removal

The paper presents results coming from experiments on pilot scale plants about the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of OFMSW as RBCOD source for BNR processes. The effluent from the anaerobic fermentation process, with an average content of 20 g/l of VFA+ lactic acid was added to wastewater to be treated in order to increase RBCOD content of about 60-70 mg/l. The results obtained in the BNR process through the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit are presented. Significant increase of denitrification rate was obtained: 0.06 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d were denitrified in the best operative conditions studied. -Vmax shows values close to those typical of the pure methanol addition (about 0.3 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d). A considerable P release (35%) was observed in the anaerobic step of the BNR process, even if not yet a completely developed P removal process.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Serbuk Gergaji dan Limbah Media Tanam Jamur (Baglog) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biogas

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikdik Mulyadi ◽  
Lela Mukmilah Yuningsih ◽  
Desi Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
A Value ◽  
Volatile Solids

Biogas is  one of energy   that can be produced by anaerobic fermentation of the organic compounds. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the utilization of waste of media  mushroom growth (baglog) with sawdust as raw material for biogas with  cow dung  activators. The study was conducted through anaerobic fermentation of the samples containing waste baglog (sample 1) and sawdust (sample 2), with the addition of cow manure activator to each sample. Both of these samples do anaerobic fermentation for 32 days, then measuring the volume of biogas every 4 days for 32 days. Methane content  in  samples 1 and 2 measured by  using gas chromatography. To see the effect of the addition of activators cow dung biogas volume measurement was  carried out with  cow dung without addition baglog waste and sawdust. The process of degradation baglog and sawdust with an activator of cow dung could be observed  in  some of the parameters through  total solids (TS), total volatile solids (TVS), volatile fatty acids (VFA), the degree of acidity (pH), and C/N ratio. The results showed that effectiveness of sample 1 resulted in the everage of total volume biogas 28% higher than  sample 2. The content of methane in  sample 1  and sampel 2  was 54% %, and 0.21% respectively. The fermentation process biogas production in this experiment  was carried out  at pH 7, with a value of TS, TVS and VFA showed a decrease  trend after the fermentation process,  C/N ratiowas  lower than the baglog waste sawdust until day 32 retention time. Keywords: Sawdust, baglog waste, biogas, fermentation, methane DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3100

scholarly journals Biogas production of Chicken Manure by Two-stage fermentation process

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 01048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan Liu ◽  
Jing Jing Wang ◽  
Jia Min Nie ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Production Stage

This paper performs a batch experiment for pre-acidification treatment and methane production from chicken manure by the two-stage anaerobic fermentation process. Results shows that the acetate was the main component in volatile fatty acids produced at the end of pre-acidification stage, accounting for 68% of the total amount. The daily biogas production experienced three peak period in methane production stage, and the methane content reached 60% in the second period and then slowly reduced to 44.5% in the third period. The cumulative methane production was fitted by modified Gompertz equation, and the kinetic parameters of the methane production potential, the maximum methane production rate and lag phase time were 345.2 ml, 0.948 ml/h and 343.5 h, respectively. The methane yield of 183 ml-CH4/g-VSremoved during the methane production stage and VS removal efficiency of 52.7% for the whole fermentation process were achieved.

Operation and Process Analysis of Faecal Sludge Anaerobic Fermentation and Digestion in Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (19) ◽  
pp. 936-939
Author(s):  
Justin Shih ◽  
Edris Taher ◽  
Ato Fanyin-Martin ◽  
Kartik Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Faecal Sludge

scholarly journals Towards closed carbon loop fermentations: co-feeding of Yarrowia lipolytica with glucose and formic acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Van Winden ◽  
Robert Mans ◽  
Stefaan Breestraat ◽  
Rob Verlinden ◽  
Alvaro Mielgo-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Optimal Feed

A novel fermentation process was developed in which renewable electricity is indirectly used as a fermentation substrate, synergistically decreasing both the consumption of sugar as a first generation carbon source and emission of the greenhouse gas CO2. To achieve this, a glucose-based process is co-fed with formic acid, which can be generated by capturing CO2 from fermentation offgas followed by electrochemical reduction with renewable electricity. This ‘closed carbon loop’ concept is demonstrated by a case study in which co-feeding formic acid is shown to significantly increase the yield of biomass on glucose of the industrially relevant yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica. First, the optimal feed ratio of formic acid to glucose is established using chemostat cultivations. Subsequently, guided by a dynamic fermentation process model, a fed-batch protocol is developed and demonstrated on laboratory scale. Finally, the developed fed-batch process is proven to be scalable to pilot scale. An extension of this proven concept to also recycle the O2 that is co-generated with the formic acid to the fermentation process for intensification purposes, and a potential further application of the concept to anaerobic fermentations are discussed.

Design and Operational Analyses of Activated Sludge Processes Using Respirometrically Calibrated Models

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 753-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Rozich
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

The purpose of this paper is to present the background and examples of methodology which enable environmental engineers and scientists to analyze activated sludge processes much more effectively than is otherwise possible with conventional approaches. Good process analyses are key for devising optimal design and operational strategies. The key features to the technique presented herein are the field-proven predictability of the model and the methodology for collecting data needed for calibrating the process model. Case histories prove the predictability of the model that is associated with the process analysis approach. The advantage of the approach advocated herein is the use of respirometric techniques to calibrate the model. These methods enable the process analyst to collect the requisite data for model calibration in twenty-four hours or less. This feature enables one to use this process analysis methodology for both design and operational applications. The paper will present the technical basis for the process model and how respirometric methods are utilized to compute biokinetic constants in a manner which is consistent with kinetic theory. Case histories will be discussed that demonstrate the predictability of the modeling approach and demonstrate the utility of this tool for process analysis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Long-Term Fermentability of PHA-Based Materials from Pure and Mixed Microbial Cultures for Potential Environmental Applications

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Neda Amanat ◽  
Bruna Matturro ◽  
Marta Maria Rossi ◽  
Francesco Valentino ◽  
Marianna Villano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Mixed Microbial Cultures

The use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as slow-release electron donors for environmental remediation represents a novel and appealing application that is attracting considerable attention in the scientific community. In this context, here, the fermentation pattern of different types of PHA-based materials has been investigated in batch and continuous-flow experiments. Along with commercially available materials, produced from axenic microbial cultures, PHA produced at pilot scale by mixed microbial cultures (MMC) using waste feedstock have been also tested. As a main finding, a rapid onset of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production was observed with a low-purity MMC-deriving material, consisting of microbial cells containing 56% (on weight basis) of intracellular PHA. Indeed, with this material a sustained, long-term production of organic acids (i.e., acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) was observed. In addition, the obtained yield of conversion into acids (up to 70% gVFA/gPHA) was higher than that obtained with the other tested materials, made of extracted and purified PHA. These results clearly suggest the possibility to directly use the PHA-rich cells deriving from the MMC production process, with no need of extraction and purification procedures, as a sustainable and effective carbon source bringing remarkable advantages from an economic and environmental point of view.

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