Operation and Process Analysis of Faecal Sludge Anaerobic Fermentation and Digestion in Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (19) ◽  
pp. 936-939
Author(s):  
Justin Shih ◽  
Edris Taher ◽  
Ato Fanyin-Martin ◽  
Kartik Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Faecal Sludge

scholarly journals Implementation and process analysis of pilot scale multi-phase anaerobic fermentation and digestion of faecal sludge in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Justin Shih ◽  
Ato Fanyin-Martin ◽  
Edris Taher ◽  
Kartik Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Background.  In Ghana, faecal sludge (FS) from on-site sanitation facilities is often discharged untreated into the environment, leading to significant insults to environmental and human health. Anaerobic digestion offers an attractive pathway for FS treatment with the concomitant production of energy in the form of methane. Another innovative option includes separating digestion into acidogenesis (production of volatile fatty acids (VFA)) and methanogenesis (production of methane), which could ultimately facilitate the production of an array of biofuels and biochemicals from the VFA. This work describes the development, implementation and modeling based analysis of a novel multiphase anaerobic fermentation-digestion process aimed at FS treatment in Kumasi, Ghana.  Methods.  A pilot-scale anaerobic fermentation process was implemented at the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly’s Oti Sanitary Landfill Site at Adanse Dompoase.  The process consisted of six 10 m3 reactors in series, which were inoculated with bovine rumen and fed with fecal sludge obtained from public toilets.  The performance of the fermentation process was characterized in terms of both aqueous and gaseous variables representing the conversion of influent organic carbon to VFA as well as CH4.  Using the operating data, the first-ever process model for FS fermentation and digestion was developed and calibrated, based on the activated sludge model framework. Results and Conclusions.  This work represents one of the first systematic efforts at integrated FS characterization and process modeling to enable anaerobic fermentation and digestion of FS. It is shown that owing to pre-fermentation of FS in public septage holding tanks, one could employ significantly smaller digesters (lower capital costs) or increased loading capabilities for FS conversion to biogas or VFA. Further, using the first-ever calibrated process model for FS fermentation and digestion presented herein, we expect improved and more mechanistically informed development and application of different process designs and configurations for global FS management practice.

scholarly journals Process Analysis of Anaerobic Fermentation Exposure to Metal Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonglan Tian ◽  
Huayong Zhang ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Shusen Li ◽  
He Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Metal Mixtures ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Acetate Utilization ◽  
And Performance

Anaerobic fermentation is a cost-effective biowaste disposal approach. During fermentation, microorganisms require a trace amount of metals for optimal growth and performance. This study investigated the effects of metal mixtures on biogas properties, process stability, substrate degradation, enzyme activity, and microbial communities during anaerobic fermentation. The addition of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) into a copper (Cu)-stressed fermentation system resulted in higher cumulative biogas yields, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations and coenzyme F420 activities. Ni and Zn addition enhanced process stability and acetate utilization. The addition of these metals also improved and brought forward the peak daily biogas yields as well as increased CH4 content to 88.94 and 86.58%, respectively. Adding Zn into the Cu-stressed system improved the abundance of Defluviitoga, Fibrobacter and Methanothermobacter, the degradation of cellulose, and the transformation of CO2 to CH4. The bacterial and archaeal communities were responsible for the degradation of lignocelluloses and CH4 production during the fermentation process. This study supports the reutilization of heavy metal-contaminated biowaste and provides references for further research on heavy metals impacted anaerobic fermentation.

Interaction process analysis.

1950 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Interaction Process

Implementasi Analisis Proses Bisnis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Biaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Aniek Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
The Cost

Business Process Analysis can be used to eliminate or reduce a waste cost caused by non value added activities that exist in a process. This research aims at evaluating activities carried out in the natural material procurement process in the PT XYZ, calculating the effectiveness of the process cycle, finding a way to improve the process management, and calculating the cost reduction that can achieved by activity management. A case study was the approach of this research. The researcher obtained research data throughout deep interviews with the staff who directly involved in the process, observation, and documentation of natural material procurement. The result of this study show that the effectiveness of the process cycle of natural material procurement in the factory reached as much as 87,1% for the sand material and 72% for the crushed stone. This indicates that the process still carry activities with no added value and still contain ineffective costs. Through the Business Process Mechanism, these non value added activities can be managed so that the process cycle becomes more efficient and cost effectiveness is achieved. The result of the effective cycle calculation after the management activities implementation is 100%. This means that the cost of natural material procurement process has become effective. The result of calculation of the estimated cost reduction as a result of management activity is as much as Rp249.026.635,90 per year.

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