scholarly journals Parental locus of control and the failure to obtain a child diagnosis: a longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Stephen Nowicki ◽  
Dheeraj Rai ◽  
Steve Gregory ◽  
Yasmin Iles-Caven ◽  
Genette Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Reading Impairment ◽  
Child Diagnosis ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reading Impairments ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Background: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed to investigate associations between parents’ locus of control (LOC) and their use of their children’s symptoms to pursue a diagnosis of autism.  Methods: Comparison of parental LOC obtained prenatally with various aspects of the child’s (<12 years) development, used the prevalence of four autistic traits, to ascertain the likelihood that they qualified for an autism diagnosis. Results: Parents with an external LOC had children who were more likely to demonstrate extreme levels of each of the four autistic traits (e.g. for social communication 8.9% of offspring of internal LOC versus 12.3% of external LOC mothers; P<0.0001). However, the rate of autism diagnosis was considerably greater if the mother was internal compared to external (13.3 v 9.6 per 1000). To determine whether the difference was autism specific, we compared parental LOC with children diagnosed with dyslexia and those with reading impairments. Although externals’ children had more reading impairment indicators than internals, this was not reflected by them being more likely to be diagnosed as dyslexic. Conclusions: We conclude that children of parents with an externally oriented LOC may be less likely to be diagnosed appropriately than children of internally oriented parents. Interventions to increase parental internality may improve the likelihood of appropriate diagnoses and hence an improvement in child well-being.

scholarly journals Less Illusion of a Just World in People with Formally Diagnosed Autism and Higher Autistic Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bertrams
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Just World ◽  
External Locus ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Autistic People

AbstractPeople differ in how strongly they believe that, in general, one gets what (s)he deserves (i.e., individual differences in the general belief in a just world). In this study (N = 588; n = 60 with a formal autism diagnosis), whether or not autistic people and those with high autistic traits have a relatively low general belief in a just world is examined. The results revealed the expected relationship between autism/higher autistic traits and a lower general belief in a just world. In a subsample (n = 388), personal belief in a just world, external locus of control, and self-deception mediated this relationship. These findings are discussed in terms of autistic strengths (less biased information processing) and problems (lowered well-being).

scholarly journals Longitudinal data on parental religious behaviour and beliefs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Iles-Caven ◽  
Steven Gregory ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Jean Golding
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Christian Population ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

There is evidence that, in general, the West is becoming more secular. Religious belief has been shown in some studies to positively impact on outcomes such as coping with serious illness and other life events and general well-being. In this paper, we describe the data collected from parents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) on their religious behaviour and beliefs on three occasions. These data are available for researchers to use in association with other longitudinally collected data on social, biological, genetic and epigenetic features of this culturally largely protestant Christian population. Data were collected antenatally and then subsequently at 5 and 9 years post-delivery from self-completion questionnaires completed by each parent independently.  Strong sex differences (all P<0.001) were noted regarding religious beliefs and behaviour: for example, 49.9% of women stated that they believed in God or some divine being compared with 37% of men. Almost twice as many men (28.6%) than women (14.9%) declared they were atheists. Men were less likely to have stated that they had been helped by a divine presence; to appeal to God if they were in trouble, to attend religious services or obtain help from members of religious groups. Among the 6256 women and 2355 men who answered the questions at all three time points, there was evidence of a slight reduction in professed belief and a slight increase in the proportion stating that they were atheists. Information is available from this resource, which is rich in data on the environment, traumatic incidents, health and genetic background. It can be used for research into various aspects of the antecedents and consequences of religious belief and behaviour.

scholarly journals Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder but not panic disorder at age 15 years increase the risk of depression at 18 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. C. Davies ◽  
R. M. Pearson ◽  
L. Stapinski ◽  
H. Bould ◽  
D. M. Christmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Background.Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) differ in their biology and co-morbidities. We hypothesized that GAD but not PD symptoms at the age of 15 years are associated with depression diagnosis at 18 years.Method.Using longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort we examined relationships of GAD and PD symptoms (measured by the Development and Well-Being Assessment) at 15 years with depression at 18 years (by the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised) using logistic regression. We excluded adolescents already depressed at 15 years and adjusted for social class, maternal education, birth order, gender, alcohol intake and smoking. We repeated these analyses following multiple imputation for missing data.Results.In the sample with complete data (n= 2835), high and moderate GAD symptoms in adolescents not depressed at 15 years were associated with increased risk of depression at 18 years both in unadjusted analyses and adjusting for PD symptoms at 15 years and the above potential confounders. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for depression at 18 years in adolescents with high relative to low GAD scores was 5.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0–9.1, overallp< 0.0001]. There were no associations between PD symptoms and depression at 18 years in any model (high relative to low PD scores, adjusted OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.3–4.8, overallp= 0.737). Missing data imputation strengthened the relationship of GAD symptoms with depression (high relative to low GAD scores, OR = 6.2, 95% CI 3.9–9.9) but those for PD became weaker.Conclusions.Symptoms of GAD but not PD at 15 years are associated with depression at 18 years. Clinicians should be aware that adolescents with GAD symptoms may develop depression.

scholarly journals Early-Life Environmental and Child Factors Associated with the Presence of Disruptive Behaviors in Seven-Year-Old Children with Autistic Traits in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Breider ◽  
Pieter J. Hoekstra ◽  
Klaas J. Wardenaar ◽  
Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker ◽  
Andrea Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Disruptive Behaviors ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Child Factors ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

AbstractWe studied the association of early-life environmental and child factors with disruptive behaviors in children with autistic traits around age 7, in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 6,401). Logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator indicated that disruptive behaviors were associated with prenatal smoking, no seafood-consumption during pregnancy, breech presentation at delivery, neonatal feeding problems, low social-economic situation, suboptimal preschool family environment, maternal depression, maternal antisocial behavior, male sex, and difficult child temperament. Compared to controls, male sex, maternal depression, and suboptimal preschool family environment were related to autistic traits without disruptive behaviors. Thus, there may be a difference in early-life factors related to autism spectrum disorder with and without disruptive behaviors.

scholarly journals Spiritual and religious beliefs and behaviour: data collected from 27/28-year-old offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 2019-2020.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Yasmin Iles-Caven ◽  
Iain Bickerstaffe ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Jean Golding
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
Divine Power ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Illness Anxiety ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Religious/spiritual belief and practices have sometimes been demonstrated to have positive associations with outcomes such as coping with serious illness, anxiety, depression, negative life events and general well-being, and therefore warrants consideration in many facets of health research. For example, increasing secularisation evidenced, particularly in the West, may reflect increasing rates of depression and anxiety.  Very few studies have charted the ways in which religious/spiritual beliefs and practices of parents and their offspring vary longitudinally or between generations. Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is one such study that can relate belief and practices with aspects of physical and mental health and/or distinguish the different facets of the environment that may influence the development, or inter-generational loss, of belief and behaviours. This paper describes the 2019-2020 data collection in the ALSPAC on the religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) of the study offspring (born 1991/1992) at ages 27-28 years. Previously collected and new data on the offspring are described here and comparisons are made with identical data completed by their parents (mothers and their partners) in early 2020. The most striking observations are that in almost all aspects of RSBB the offspring of both sexes are more secular, especially when compared with their mothers. For example, 56.2% of offspring state that they do not believe in God, or a divine power compared with 26.6% of mothers and 45.3% of mothers’ partners. When asked about their type of religion, 65.4% of participants stated ‘none’, compared with 27.2% of mothers and 40.2% of partners. This confirms previous research reporting increasing secularisation from one generation to the next. As with the mothers and their partners, female offspring were more likely than males to believe in a divine power and to practice their beliefs.

Family Income

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Clark ◽  
Sarah Flèche ◽  
Richard Layard ◽  
Nattavudh Powdthavee ◽  
George Ward
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

This chapter considers how our early experience determines our emotional well-being as a child and how it affects the other key dimensions of our development as children. To answer these questions, the chapter turns to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). This survey attempted to cover all children born in and around Bristol (a city of nearly half a million people) and Bath, between April 1991 and December 1992. Through this, the chapter embarks on a study of how children are affected if their parents are poor. Here, the ALSPAC data confirms the well-known fact that income affects children's academic performance. But ALSPAC also shows that the effect on children's emotional well-being and behavior is much less.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the risk of offspring depression in childhood: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berihun Assefa Dachew ◽  
James G. Scott ◽  
Kim Betts ◽  
Abdullah Mamun ◽  
Rosa Alati
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) may increase the risk of offspring depression in childhood. Low birth weight is also associated with increased risk of mental health problems, including depression. This study sought to investigate (a) whether there is an association between HDP and the risk of depression in childhood and (b) whether low birth weight mediates this association. The current study is based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective, population-based study that has followed a cohort of offspring since their mothers were pregnant (n = 6,739). Depression at the age of 7 years was diagnosed using parent reports via the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Log-binomial regression and mediation analyses were used. Children exposed to HDP were 2.3 times more likely to have a depression diagnosis compared with nonexposed children, adjusted Risk Ratio [RR], 2.31; 95% CI, [1.20, 4.47]. Low birth weight was a weak mediator of this association. Results were adjusted for confounding variables including antenatal depression and anxiety during pregnancy.This study suggests that fetal exposure to maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased the risk of childhood depression. The study adds to the evidence suggesting that the uterine environment is a critical determinant of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes.

scholarly journals The Association Between Locus of Control and Psychopathology: A Cross-Cohort Comparison Between a UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and a Japanese (Tokyo Teen Cohort) Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sullivan ◽  
Syudo Yamasaki ◽  
Shuntaro Ando ◽  
Kaori Endo ◽  
Kiyoto Kasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adult Psychopathology

Background: An external locus of control (externality) is associated with poorer psychopathology in individualist cultures, but associations are reported to be weaker in collectivist cultures where an external style is less maladaptive. We investigated the prospective association between externality and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and depressive symptoms (DS) and compared the strength of associations between a UK and a Japanese cohort.Method: Cross-cultural cohort study of a UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and a Japanese cohort (Tokyo Teen Cohort). Externality was assessed using the Children's Nowicki and Strickland Internal, External Scale and DS using the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire in both cohorts, PLE were assessed with the Psychosis-Like Experiences Questionnaire (ALSPAC), and the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (TTC). Associations were investigated using multivariable regression models and bivariate regression models to compare the strength of associations.Results: Mean externality in both childhood and adolescence was higher in ALSPAC than in the TTC. Childhood externality was associated with PLE in late childhood and adolescence in both cohorts and adolescent externality was associated with PLE in young adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. There was a more mixed pattern of association between externality and DS scores. There was little evidence of any differences in the strength of associations between externality and different psychopathologies, or between cohorts. In ALSPAC adolescent externality and early adult psychopathology were more strongly associated than childhood externality and adolescent and early adult psychopathology. There was no evidence that change in externality between childhood and adolescence was associated with new onset PLE or DS in early adulthood.Conclusion: An external locus of control is associated with poor mental health regardless of cultural context.

scholarly journals Grandparents childhood exposures and religious belief in their granddaughters: possible transgenerational associations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jean golding ◽  
Steven Gregory ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Marcus Pembrey ◽  
Genette Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Adult Grandchildren ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Paternal Grandmother ◽  
Mutually Independent ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age At Exposure

The prevalence of religious belief has fallen dramatically. A possible reason is that environmental exposures to previous generations are involved, e.g., evidence of an association between childhood exposures of grandparents and outcomes in their grandchildren including obesity, autistic traits, and survival have been reported. Generally, the associations between the grandparent’s exposure and grandchild’s outcome varied with sex of grandparent, his/her age at exposure and sex of the grandchild.Using data collected by the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) we investigate whether exposures such as smoking and/or traumatic events experienced by any of the grandparents are associated with the likelihood that their adult grandchildren have a religious belief. We show that the granddaughters (but not the grandsons) were more likely to have reported such a belief if one of their maternal grandparents had experienced traumatic events pre-puberty (age 6-11), or their paternal grandmother had experienced such events in adolescence. Conversely if their maternal grandfather had started smoking regularly during childhood or their paternal grandmother had smoked prenatally, the granddaughter was substantially less likely to be a believer. These associations were mutually independent and not explained by demographic factors. They may account for a small proportion of the fall in prevalence of religious belief over time, but the association needs confirming in other studies.

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