scholarly journals The dialogic nature of double consciousness and double stimulation: Implications from Peirce and Vygotsky

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 235-261
Author(s):  
Donna E. West
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Visual Array ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Attentional Shifts ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Double Stimulation

The objective in this paper is to demonstrate the indispensability of Peirce’s double consciousness to foster abductive reasoning, so that internal/external dialogue inform the worthiness of hunches. These forms of dialogue establish a mental give-and-take forum in which novel meanings/effects are particularly highlighted and noticed. Such attentional shifts are compelled by surprising states of affairs within the beholder’s internal, interpretive competencies, or from external factors (pictures, gestural or linguistic performatives). The dialogic nature of these signs pre-forms operations not possible non-dialogically; they command, interrogate, or suggest alterations to established conduct/beliefs in contexts in which propositional/argumentative conflicts are obviated. This inquiry proposes experimental methodologies to measure when double consciousness (via private/inner speech) mediates hypothesis-making. Vygotsky’s conflict of motive at four distinct developmental stages constitutes the foundation for the proposed experiments. Designs draw upon Vygotsky’s ‘double stimulation’ paradigms that force decision-making processes when conflicts of motive surface. Paradigms include forced imitation of one model while ignoring another (imitating bear, not dragon), and altering a visual array to depict logical sequencing accurately (the “Cycles Test”; “The Odd One Out”). These conflicts require children to change their conduct/beliefs to accommodate to atypical states of affairs.

scholarly journals In the Era of Digitalising Shop Floor Management: In Blissful Ignorance of Superfluous Work

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bang Mathiasen ◽  
Henning de Haas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Reflective Thinking ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

This study aims to understand the extent of superfluous work at shop floors and suggests some managerial opportunities for reducing superfluous work. Drawing on the abductive reasoning, the research systematically combines a theoretical conceptualisation of decision-making processes in a digitalised manufacturing with an empirical enquiry of a smart manufacturing. The paper reveals superfluous work if decision-making processes cross disciplinary and/or organisational boundaries. Superfluous work occurs because of lacking data and information to guide reflective thinking and knowledge sharing. In relation to high complex decision making the ongoing implementation of workarounds does also cause superfluous work. Prerequisites for reducing superfluous work are accessibility of applicable data to guide reflective thinking and knowledge sharing.

Perspective switching as event affordance: The ontogeny of abductive reasoning

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna E. West
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Final States ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Perspective Switching

AbstractThe present model identifies Index as the representational component driving children’s advances in abductive reasoning, capitalizing upon the means to subjunctivize within constructed events. As such, an essential semiotic device underlies the recognition of shifting perspectives to operationalize abductive reasoning within event profiles. Beyond using Index to establish the point of orientation (Origo), one “tries on” that Origo’s covert and overt orientation via deictic terms that encode Origo’s role as a conversational on-looker of an episode. This subjunctive competence entails taking note of cause-effect relations to anticipate the affective, social, cognitive, and physical viewpoints likely to be assumed by that Origo. Hypothesis-making then entails going beyond grounded experience to represent intermediate and final states of affairs for other Origos. Abductions require dynamically imaging how distinctive agents affect action schemes together with their relied-upon judgments to effectuate resultative states. The use of indexically grounded cognitions (given their role in preempting event relations) rivets the onlooker to the “why” of unexpected events and increases the likelihood that the guess of another within novel contexts is plausible. Shifting perspectives underlie abductions because they trigger defeasible but plausible explanations for puzzling events.

Content: wide and narrow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Bach
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Mental States ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Turn On ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrow Content

A central problem in philosophy is to explain, in a way consistent with their causal efficacy, how mental states can represent states of affairs in the world. Consider, for example, that wanting water and thinking there is some in the tap can lead one to turn on the tap. The contents of these mental states pertain to things in the world (water and the tap), and yet it would seem that their causal efficacy should depend solely on their internal characteristics, not on their external relations. That is, a person could be in just those states and those states could play just the same psychological roles, even if there were no water or tap for them to refer to. However, certain arguments, based on some imaginative thought experiments, have persuaded many philosophers that thought contents do depend on external factors, both physical and social. A tempting solution to this dilemma has been to suppose that there are two kinds of content, wide and narrow. Wide content comprises the referential relations that mental states bear to things and their properties. Narrow content comprises the determinants of psychological role. Philosophers have debated whether both notions of content are viable and, if so, how they are connected.

scholarly journals Standing the test of time: External factors influencing family firm longevity in Germany and Spain during the twentieth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-264
Author(s):  
Maria Fernandez Moya ◽  
Paloma Fernandez-Perez ◽  
Christina Lubinski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Business Resilience ◽  
Do So

While most research on family business longevity focuses on how internal corporate governance issue impact resilience, the aim of this article is to foreground the relevance of external environmental factors, and to do so in an internationally comparative perspective. By historically comparing the largest family businesses in Germany and Spain in the twentieth century, we find that they differ significantly in age and ask how external factors help us better understand these variances. After analysing the institutional framework of the two countries during the second part of the 20th century, we explore the strategic responses developed in reaction to that framework by four of the largest family businesses in the two countries. With this, we strive to capture the interdependent nature of internal decision-making processes and external environmental changes, ultimately arguing for a more holistic understanding of family business resilience over time.

scholarly journals Entomology in Forensics - Multidisciplinary Character During Forensic Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Sinisa Franjic
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Relationship

Forensic entomology is a scientific discipline which has a multidisciplinary character due to the use of entomology in solving a variety of problems that arise during forensic research. It includes the identification of individual species and developmental stages of insects, the relationship between insects and external factors, determining the time of death, etc. This paper aims to briefly describe the role of forensic entomologists in court proceedings. Keywords: Entomology; Insects; Forensics; Forensic Entomology; PMI

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

The Fine Structure of the Sheath of Volvox Carteri f. Weismannia

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Regina Birchem
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Volvox Carteri ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sheath Formation ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Sheath Material

Spheroids of the green colonial alga Volvox consist of biflagellate Chlamydomonad-like cells embedded in a transparent sheath. The sheath, important as a substance through which metabolic materials, light, and the sexual inducer must pass to and from the cells, has been shown to have an ordered structure (1,2). It is composed of both protein and carbohydrate (3); studies of V. rousseletii indicate an outside layer of sulfated polysaccharides (4).Ultrastructural studies of the sheath material in developmental stages of V. carteri f. weismannia were undertaken employing variations in the standard fixation procedure, ruthenium red, diaminobenzidine, and high voltage electron microscopy. Sheath formation begins after the completion of cell division and inversion of the daughter spheroids. Golgi, rough ER, and plasma membrane are actively involved in phases of sheath synthesis (Fig. 1). Six layers of ultrastructurally differentiated sheath material have been identified.

Localization of acid phosphatases in root cap of rice plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Y. R. Chen ◽  
Y. F. Huang ◽  
W. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ethanol Series

Acid phosphatases are widely distributed in different tisssues of various plants. Studies on subcellular localization of acid phosphatases show they might be present in cell wall, plasma lemma, mitochondria, plastid, vacuole and nucleus. However, their localization in rice cell varies with developmental stages of cells and plant tissues. In present study, acid phosphatases occurring in root cap are examined.Sliced root tips of ten-day-old rice(Oryza sativa) seedlings were fixed in 0.1M cacodylate buffer containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2h, washed overnight in same buffer solution, incubated in Gomori's solution at 37° C for 90min, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol series and finally embeded in Spurr's resin. Sections were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under Hitachi H-600 at 75 KV.

Cognitive Processing of Miscommunication in Interactive Listening: An Evaluation of Listener Indecision and Cognitive Effort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Computer Mouse Tracking ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Processing Effort

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.

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