Properties of Criminal Procedure Presumptions

The process of proving has always been and today still is the central problem of criminal proceedings, and most aspects of modern criminal procedure activities are connected with it. The cognitive character of the proving process presupposes the use of multiple methods, the most complex and significant of which is the method of presuming. This method of legal technique is well represented in the Russian legislation. At the same time, legal science and the theory of criminal procedure law, which have multiple definitions of legal or lawful presumption reflecting various aspects of the concept under consideration, do not contain a unified approach to understanding its essence. This situation distorts the meaning of the definition of legal presumption and leads the situation when some authors and practicing lawyers use the word “presumption” to refer to legal norms that are not, in fact, legal presumptions. The authors describe the concept, meaning and key elements of the contents (features) of legal presumption as a method of legal technique that influenced the formation and development of modern Russian criminal procedure legislation.

PHILOSOPHY AND POETRY: THE UNITY AND DIFFERENCE OF DIMENSIONS (Marginalia to E.K. Sobolevskaja’s article “Yearning – homeland – rowan...”)

The poetic dimension of philosophical thought is the central problem of this paper. Poetry and philosophy have different tasks, but both poetry and philosophy are concerned with the word as an instrument – knowledge (for philosophy) and expression (for poetry). Philosophy uses the word in its semantic constituents, abstracting from its external form. For poetry, the external sound side is inseparable from meaning and its various semantic aspects. In some cases, however, these typological attitudes and tenets are reversed. In philosophy, such cases can be considered as the work with language in its poetic dimension. Heraclitus worked in this way in antiquity, Heidegger works with language and with the word similarly in modern times. In poetry, we can consider the work of M. Tsvetaeva as such a case. Poeticizing, as represented by Tsvetaeva, is a cardinal linguistic shift, determined by the inner experience: distancing from any national language, or cardinal defamiliarization of the language in the constitutive centres of its conventional symbolic coordination, recognizing it every time and, accordingly, recognizing, renaming, defamiliarizing of the world. More than anybody else poets are immersed in the world, in search of the names, in giving meanings to things. When considering the poet’s work from the perspective of poetic dimensions of philosophical thought, the author relies on an article by Elena Sobolevskaya “Yearning – homeland – rowan...”, which uses both philological and philosophical approaches to the analysis and interpretation of Marina Tsvetaeva’s poetic work.

DP, NP, or neither? Contours of an unresolved debate

Glossa’s Special Collection New perspectives on the NP/DP debate brings together syntactic analyses of various phenomena of complex nominals, shedding light on the central problem of their syntactic category label. In this paper, we survey arguments and analyses offered in the Special Collection, classifying their underlying assumptions and highlighting their relevance to syntactic theory more generally.

MaveDB v2: a curated community database with over three million variant effects from multiplexed functional assays

A central problem in genomics is understanding the effect of individual DNA variants. Multiplexed Assays of Variant Effect (MAVEs) can help address this challenge by measuring all possible single nucleotide variant effects in a gene or regulatory sequence simultaneously. Here we describe MaveDB v2, which has become the database of record for MAVEs. MaveDB now contains a large fraction of published studies, comprising over two hundred datasets and three million variant effect measurements. We created tools and APIs to streamline data submission and access, transforming MaveDB into a hub for the analysis and dissemination of these impactful datasets.

LAWS OF THINKING AS A SUBJECT OF RESEARCH IN THE HERITAGE OF PROFESSORS OF THEOLOGICAL-ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHY OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES

The article is devoted to studying the logical and epistemological issues, in particular the laws of thinking in the creative heritage of the representatives of Kyiv theological-academic philosophy of the XIX century, such as V. Karpov, J. Mikhnevych, O. Novytsky, P. Linytsky. The central problem of the article is the theoretical search for ideological origins of understanding the essence, place and significance of the laws of thinking in human cognitive activity. The authors of the article focus on studying the creative heritage only of those personalities who had their own textbooks on logic, although the lectures were delivered without exception by all professors of philosophy of the KTA. This approach to the problem is associated with a number of difficulties, because in the textbooks it was difficult to find the thinker's own position on a particular problem. Despite this, the positions of professors differ significantly from each other. And we tried to prove it. The aim of the study was to clarify the ideological coincidence and at the same time fundamental differences of the main statements on understanding the essence, place and significance of the laws of thinking in human cognitive activity in the creative heritage of professors of the Kyiv Theological Academy. This goal was realized in the following tasks. to analyze the main ideas of works on the logic by K. Karpov, J. Mikhnevych, O. Novytsky, P. Linytsky and to reveal their worldview preferences; find ideological coincidences among the main statements of their theoretical preferences; to substantiate the fact of the influence of the Western European philosophical tradition on the philosophers of the Kyiv school of theological-academic philosophy of the XIX – early XX centuries

On the minimality of quasi-sum production models in microeconomics

Historically, the minimality of surfaces is extremely important in mathematics and the study of minimal surfaces is a central problem, which has been widely concerned by mathematicians. Meanwhile, the study of the shape and the properties of the production models is a great interest subject in economic analysis. The aim of this paper is to study the minimality of quasi-sum production functions as graphs in a Euclidean space. We obtain minimal characterizations of quasi-sum production functions with two or three factors as hypersurfaces in Euclidean spaces. As a result, our results also give a classification of minimal quasi-sum hypersurfaces in dimensions two and three.

Experts in Search for Tools and Understandings. Review of the Book by A. Yu. Sungurov “Ekspertnye soobshchestva i vlast’” [Expert Communities and Authorities]

The review deals with the analysis a monograph devoted to the formation of the institute of Russian expertise, as well as to the problems of interaction between experts and authorities in the Russian context. The work under review is based on a large amount of empirical data. The author is a professor at the Higher School of Economics, a political scientist with extensive experience in organizing expert procedures. The central problem of the book is the contradictory interaction between the expert and the authorities. The author focuses on the dynamics of the nature of the relationship between experts and authorities. The changes in the degree of demand by the Russian authorities for the opinions of political experts is underconsideration as well. It turns out that the periods when the government is open for dialogue with political scientists are adjacent to the periods when the government is completely closed. The book by A. Yu. Sungurov is an important milestone in the scientific understanding of the role and prospects of expertise in modern Russia.

Why Sustain Democracy?

This chapter formulates the central problem of the book: the democrat’s dilemma. The dilemma emerges from a conflict between two directives of citizenship: first, citizens must politically participate on behalf of their best judgments of what justice requires, and second, citizens must treat one another as equals. But when we disagree about politics, we see those who oppose us as not merely wrong about the issue at hand, but in the wrong. We see our opposition as devoted to a mistaken vision of justice, and thus as advocating injustice. So why treat them as our equals? Why uphold the democratic requirement to acknowledge them as entitled to an equal say? Why not instead seek simply to defeat them politically? In short, why sustain democracy in our interactions with them? This chapter argues that there are often quite compelling reasons for citizens to suspend democracy. Thus, sustaining democracy is a challenge.

On the dimension of the "cohits" space $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} H^{*}((\mathbb RP(\infty))^{\times t}, \mathbb Z_2)$ and some applications

We denote by $\mathbb Z_2$ the prime field of two elements and by $P_t = \mathbb Z_2[x_1, \ldots, x_t]$ the polynomial algebra of $t$ generators $x_1, \ldots, x_t$ with the degree of each $x_i$ being one. Let $\mathcal A_2$ be the Steenrod algebra over $\mathbb Z_2.$ A central problem of homotopy theory is to determine a minimal set of generators for the $\mathbb Z_2$-graded vector space $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} P_t.$ This problem, which is called the "hit" problem for Steenrod algebra, has been systematically studied for $t\leq 4.$ The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the structure of the "cohits" space $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} P_t$ in some certain "generic" degrees. More specifically, we explicitly determine a monomial basis of $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} P_5$ in degree \mbox{$n_s=5(2^{s}-1) + 42.2^{s}$} for every non-negative integer $s.$ As a result, it confirms Sum's conjecture \cite{N.S2} for a relation between the minimal sets of $\mathcal A_2$-generators of the algebras $P_{t-1}$ and $P_{t}$ in the case $t=5$ and degree $n_s$. Based on Kameko's map \cite{M.K} and a previous result by Sum \cite{N.S1}, we obtain a inductive formula for the dimension of $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} P_t$ in a generic degree given. As an application, we obtain the dimension of $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} P_6$ in the generic degree $5(2^{s+5}-1) + n_0.2^{s+5}$ for all $s\geq 0,$ and show that the Singer's cohomological transfer \cite{W.S1} is an isomorphism in bidegree $(5, 5+n_s)$.

Governing Laws and the Inference Problem

How do non-Humean laws govern regularities in nature? According to the Inference Problem, non-Humean accounts of governing face a central problem: it is not clear how such laws do perform their governing function. Recently, Jonathan Schaffer has argued that the introduction of a law-to-regularity axiom is sufficient to solve the Inference Problem. The authors argue that Schaffer’s solution faces a devastating dilemma: either the required axiom cannot, on its own, differentiate the non-Humean account from a Humean account of laws or, if more content is added to the primitive governing posit, it should be shown how and why the ‘outfitted’ posit obtains in the world. Furthermore, the authors show that those cases that Schaffer presents to motivate his approach are not analogous to the case of lawhood and so they cannot provide justification for his axiomatic solution.