scholarly journals The Travel and Tourism Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha George ◽  
Sonu Sunny ◽  
Anusha Kapoor ◽  
Japjot Kaur Saggu ◽  
Paridhi Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

First to be hit by the pandemic and last to recover, the travel and tourism industry is considered to be one of the most severely affected sectors. The paper tries to highlight the vulnerabilities of GDP, employment and related activities of the tourism sector by looking at it through a macro perspective using data from the World Bank, International Labour Organization, the United Nations World Trade Organization and, the World Travel and Tourism Council, in addition, substantiating the results through micro evidences in the form of case studies. The paper, using quantitative and qualitative methods, shows that GDP, employment and related activities are susceptible to the pandemic- COVID-19 and suggests how to pandemic-proof the sector that not only contributes significantly to GDP but weaves the thread of interconnectedness across the world.

scholarly journals The Travel and Tourism Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha George ◽  
Sonu Sunny ◽  
Anusha Kapoor ◽  
Japjot Kaur Saggu ◽  
Paridhi Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

First to be hit by the pandemic and last to recover, the travel and tourism industry is considered to be one of the most severely affected sectors. The paper tries to highlight the vulnerabilities of GDP, employment and related activities of the tourism sector by looking at it through a macro perspective using data from the World Bank, International Labour Organization, the United Nations World Trade Organization and, the World Travel and Tourism Council, in addition, substantiating the results through micro evidences in the form of case studies. The paper, using quantitative and qualitative methods, shows that GDP, employment and related activities are susceptible to the pandemic- COVID-19 and suggests how to pandemic-proof the sector that not only contributes significantly to GDP but weaves the thread of interconnectedness across the world.

scholarly journals International Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Post-Soviet Countries in Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Famil Majidli
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Advantageous Position ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Balassa Index

In this study, the comparative and competitive advantage of Post-Soviet countries in the tourism sector is examined. Firstly, whether the tourism sector of the countries included in the sample developed between 1995 and 2018 was examined. Revealed Comparative Advantages Index which is developed by Balassa and Expanded Balassa Index were used to analyze the comparative and competitive advantage of countries, respectively, which are the main purpose of the study. The results of the study, which are calculated based on the data obtained from the database of the World Bank, provide information especially regarding the advantageous position of Georgia regarding Balassa Index. In addition to Georgia, Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Estonia and Uzbekistan have international comparative advantage and when the situation of the countries is evaluated over the EB index it is concluded to, Tajikistan and Georgia have strong, Kyrgyz Republic and Moldova have medium, Latvia, Estonia, Armenia, Lithuania and Belarus have weak competitive advantage. The research is important in terms of the policies that Post Soviet countries will form within the scope of tourism sectors.

Institutional anomie and justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally: A multilevel examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena C Zito
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
National Level ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Institutional Anomie Theory ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Anomie Theory ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

This study draws on insights from institutional anomie theory to examine justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally. Further, it builds on a burgeoning body of multilevel institutional anomie theory and research on crime-relevant attitudes by considering whether and how individual financial hardship intersects with anomic structural and cultural systems at the national level, acknowledging that individual responses to anomie may be contingent upon experiences with such hardships. Results from multilevel modeling using data from 74,930 World Values Survey respondents in 52 nations, the World Bank, and other organizations provide partial support for the hypotheses. Specifically, conditions of “want amid plenty,” (Bjerregaard & Cochran, 2008a, p. 183) weakened family and education institutions, and monetary fetishism predict justifications cross-nationally. Moreover, economic inequality and individualism moderate the effect of financial hardship on justifications of morally dubious actions and violence, consistent with expectations.

Political Economy of Migrant Labor in U.S. History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Ness
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This chapter provides a historical comparative analysis of U.S. migration policy and examines why foreign migrant labor is growing at a rapid pace. In 1993, the Washington Consensus, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank—multilateral financial institutions controlled by corporations in North America and Western Europe—established a new policy that would impose harsh penalties on any country that closed its borders to foreign trade, thereby setting the stage for monetary crises and high unemployment. That labor has no control over these organizations more than suggests the dire predicament that workers and unions confront today.

Costa Rica faces economic shock in 2020

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Economic Shock

Subject COVID-19 impact. Significance Costa Rica entered a nationwide lockdown on March 16, as part of government efforts to identify and contain the spread of COVID-19. This lockdown has heavily disrupted economic activity, with non-essential businesses closing and the lucrative tourism sector effectively ceasing to operate. With no end to the crisis in sight, the country is headed for a sharp economic contraction in 2020. Impacts Weak pandemic control measures in Nicaragua will see more Nicaraguans enter Costa Rica illegally. Costa Rica is likely to look to the World Bank for financing support. Domestic tourism will recover before international tourism does once internal travel restrictions are eased, providing some relief.

Defining Accountability Up: the Global Economic Multilaterals

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Kahler
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

AbstractCritics of the global economic multilaterals (GEMs) – the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization – allege that these organizations fail the test of democratic accountability. Two distinct measures of democratic accountability have been applied to the GEMs. To the degree that these organizations display ‘accountability deficits’, those deficiencies are the result of choices by the most influential national governments. Three techniques have been deployed to enhance the accountability of the GEMs: transparency (more information for those outside the institution), competition (imitation of democratic accountability) and changes in rules of representation (accountability to stakeholders rather than shareholders). Each of these may impose costs, however, and may conflict with other valued aims of the organizations.

scholarly journals Marketing, Start-Ups and Innovation: A Framework for Understanding the Possibilities for Harnessing Technological Innovations in Tourism (Based on the Example of the Georgian Tourism Sector and Russian Start-Ups)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-113
Author(s):  
Dariusz Michał Trzmielak ◽  
Devi Shonia ◽  
Magdalena Skoneczna
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
It Innovation ◽  
Country Of Georgia ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Start Ups

Abstract The travel and tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors in the world. In the case of countries like Georgia, where tourism is a priority sector of the economy, innovation is crucial for a tourism-based development strategy — and this has become particularly important in the post-pandemic realities. This paper proposes a certain framework for understanding the possibilities for harnessing technological innovations in the travel industry (particularly apps and websites). It then considers the specific example of the country of Georgia, outlining the state’s measures meant to foster IT innovation in tourism and also certain moderate successes to date in this respect. Next, the paper looks to Russian tourist-sector start-ups as models for operation that be successfully harnessed in the Georgian tourism industry, examining several such Russian start-ups in closer detail.

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