Institutional anomie and justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally: A multilevel examination

This study draws on insights from institutional anomie theory to examine justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally. Further, it builds on a burgeoning body of multilevel institutional anomie theory and research on crime-relevant attitudes by considering whether and how individual financial hardship intersects with anomic structural and cultural systems at the national level, acknowledging that individual responses to anomie may be contingent upon experiences with such hardships. Results from multilevel modeling using data from 74,930 World Values Survey respondents in 52 nations, the World Bank, and other organizations provide partial support for the hypotheses. Specifically, conditions of “want amid plenty,” (Bjerregaard & Cochran, 2008a, p. 183) weakened family and education institutions, and monetary fetishism predict justifications cross-nationally. Moreover, economic inequality and individualism moderate the effect of financial hardship on justifications of morally dubious actions and violence, consistent with expectations.

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The Travel and Tourism Industry

Atna Journal of Tourism Studies ◽

10.12727/ajts.25.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alisha George ◽

Sonu Sunny ◽

Anusha Kapoor ◽

Japjot Kaur Saggu ◽

Paridhi Puri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

World Trade ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Labour Organization ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

The World Bank ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

The World ◽

Using Data ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

First to be hit by the pandemic and last to recover, the travel and tourism industry is considered to be one of the most severely affected sectors. The paper tries to highlight the vulnerabilities of GDP, employment and related activities of the tourism sector by looking at it through a macro perspective using data from the World Bank, International Labour Organization, the United Nations World Trade Organization and, the World Travel and Tourism Council, in addition, substantiating the results through micro evidences in the form of case studies. The paper, using quantitative and qualitative methods, shows that GDP, employment and related activities are susceptible to the pandemic- COVID-19 and suggests how to pandemic-proof the sector that not only contributes significantly to GDP but weaves the thread of interconnectedness across the world.

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Beyond the National: How the EU, OECD, and World Bank Do Family Policy

The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-68

Author(s):

Jane Jenson

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

International Organizations ◽

Family Policy ◽

National Level ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

The European Union ◽

Policy Action ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Policy Frame

AbstractIn recent decades, numerous international organizations have adopted positions that use components of a policy frame familiar from family policy at the national level. They sought to advance one or more of three classic goals of that domain: stabilizing demography, ensuring income security, and supporting parents’ labor force participation. This chapter tracks the last several decades of policy action in three international organizations—the European Union, the OECD, and the World Bank. It documents the changing interventions of each organization that touch on these three goals, whether or not the organization claims to be committed to having family policy. The analysis focuses in particular on the expressed policy goal(s), the targets and policy instruments, and the policy frame used to justify each. The main finding is that despite different trajectories over time the three share processes leading to non-familialization via greater emphasis on individuals and often children.

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Assessment of Corruption Level as a Component of Governance Indicator: International Experience and Russian Practices

Baikal Research Journal ◽

10.17150/2411-6262.2021.12(4).15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Elena Bakhtairova ◽

Alexandra Anganova

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Russian Federation ◽

National Level ◽

Governance Indicator ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Quality Of Governance ◽

The Government

As corruptions is one of the most important problems in most modern states, its assessment forms an important part of integral governance indicator. Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), a technique, worked out by The World Bank, is widely used in the international level. Since 2019 the technique “Methodology of Conducting Sociological Surveys for Corruption Assessment in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation” (further in the text — Methodology of the Russian Federation Government), adopted by the Government Decree of the Russian Federation, is used in the national level. The main purpose of the present research is to evaluate how the national methodology of corruption assessment reflects the quality of governance in this sphere. The research focuses on the main techniques for corruption assessment in different levels. The study analyses the main scientific statements for corruption assessment as a component of integral quality indicator of governance. Secondary data of corruption survey’s findings formed the information and empirical base of the research. The novelty of the study is in developing original author’s approach towards methodological aspects of comprehensive governance assessment. It was found that the national methodology is an alternative approach, characterizing the quality of governance in this sphere. The research revealed several drawbacks of the indicative methodology issued by the World Bank. The Methodology of the Russian Federation Government more appropriately reflects the corruption level and more accurately characterizes the governance quality in the sphere of fighting corruption in the regions of the Russian Federation.

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Do Human Resources Run Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence From Pakistan

Review of Economics and Development Studies ◽

10.47067/reads.v7i2.351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 205-213

Author(s):

Bilal Alam ◽

Muhammad Niamat Ullah

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Human Capital ◽

World Bank ◽

Education And Health ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Economic Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

Econometric Technique

This study analyzes the role of human capital in economic growth using data from 1981 to 2017. The data were taken from the World Bank (WDI) and the Economic Survey of Pakistan (Various Issues). It was scrutinized for stationarity of variables through ADF and an appropriate time series econometric technique of ARDL is applied for empirical analysis. The results suggest that both proxies of human capital, education, and health have positive impacts on the economic development of Pakistan. The study findings also suggest that government machinery may divert enough resources for the improvement of education and health services to accumulate human capital for achieving the desired goal of higher growth and development.

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The Travel and Tourism Industry

Atna Journal of Tourism Studies ◽

10.12727/ajts.24.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alisha George ◽

Sonu Sunny ◽

Anusha Kapoor ◽

Japjot Kaur Saggu ◽

Paridhi Puri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

World Trade ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Labour Organization ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

The World Bank ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

The World ◽

Using Data ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

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Is Self-Expression Chic? Globalisation, Value Change and Convergence in Latin America

Revista Latinoamericana de Opinión Pública ◽

10.14201/rlop.23132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 29-48

Author(s):

Henrique Carlos De Oliveira De Castro ◽

Daniel Capistrano ◽

Sonia Ranincheski ◽

Elvis Bisong Tambe

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Latin America ◽

National Level ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

World Values Survey ◽

Value Change ◽

The World ◽

Using Data ◽

Material Conditions ◽

Main Factor

The literature concerning human values change, argues the main factor driving increasing levels of secularization and self-expression is the improvement of material conditions. In fact, studies succeeded to present evidence of the strong relationship between GDP and post-materialist attitudes at the national level. Still, in this study, we demonstrate this relationship is not as strong in Latin America. Based on the theory of mass-elite convergence of values, we argue that the main factor driving value change in Latin America is globalisation and not economic development. With globalisation, attitudes and values hitherto exclusive to the elites became socially desirable and praised (chic) resulting in their massive dissemination. Using data from the World Values Survey, we confirm that variables related to material conditions are the best predictor for secularization and self-expression among Western European countries. However, in Latin America, the effects of economic development are weaker, and the evidence indicates that variables related to social globalisation are more important to explain value change patterns.

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