A Cost-benefit Analysis of Coal-based Power Enterprises Based on the Perspective of Total Cost

Abstract Background: Malaria is an insect-borne infectious disease that spreads through bites from infected Anopheles mosquitos. The disease seriously endangers human health and economic development. The study focuses on Fujian Province, China, which entered the final stage of malaria elimination stage in 2005. In order to understand the costs and benefits of malaria monitoring measures during the elimination stage, the health economics of the monitoring measures should be examined. Methods: Data on the number of cases during the malaria elimination stage (2005–2019) in Fujian Province were collected and sorted. The basic economic data were obtained from the Fujian Statistical Yearbook. Based on the fundamental theories in health economics, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted based on the data. Specifically, the cost of monitoring measures during the malaria elimination stage was calculated by economic cost and compared to the benefits, which were quantified based on economic and social benefits of the monitoring measures.Results: The total cost of monitoring measures in the malaria elimination stage was estimated at 607,878,783.36 yuan (USD 87,534,544.80). The components of the total cost were: case detection and treatment, which accounted for 66.62% of costs, health education with 13.31%, epidemic monitoring, 10.05%, supervision and assessment, 5.15%, and training and meetings took 4.87%. The total benefit of the monitoring measures in the malaria elimination stage was valued at about 116,123,417,911.81 yuan (USD 16,721,772,179.30). Direct economic benefit accounted for 22.61% of the total, while the social benefit was 77.39%. The cost-benefit analysis of the malaria elimination stage showed that the net benefit of monitoring measures was about 115,515,539,128.45 yuan (USD 16,634,237,634.50) and the benefit-cost ratio was 191.03. The monitoring cost for residents was 1.08 yuan (USD 0.16) per capita, and the benefit for residents was 206.12 yuan (USD 29.68) per capita. Conclusions: The monitoring measures conducted in the malaria elimination stage are a highly cost-effective intervention for reducing the negative impact of malaria in Fujian Province. Over the past 15 years, malaria control work has achieved excellent economic and social benefits in Fujian and the work should continue. The framework and results of this study conform to the principles of health economics and have a reference value for current malaria monitoring practices.

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Cost and Benefit Analysis of Contract Farming

Shanlax International Journal of Economics ◽

10.34293/economics.v8i1.723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

N Harish

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Fixed Cost ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Total Income ◽

Contract Farming ◽

Total Cost ◽

Before And After ◽

Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽

The Cost

This article focused on cost-benefit analysis of contract farming. The cost benefit analysis includes total cost, total income and profit before and after contract farming of respondents. Total cost calculated without fixed cost and with fixed cost, profit also calculated with fixed cost and without fixed cost. Contract farming is beneficial to farmers after contract farming. The total cost should be considered without fixed cost.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sleeper Replacement Strategies: Simulation Model

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1713-03 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 1713 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maree R. Lake ◽

Luis Ferreira ◽

Martin H. Murray

Keyword(s):

Simulation Model ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Railway Track ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Average Life ◽

Total Cost ◽

Track Condition ◽

The Cost ◽

Clustering Patterns

A simulation model predicts the condition of a section of timber-sleepered railway track, including the clustering patterns of the defective sleepers and the cost of replacement under a given strategy. These results are used to perform a cost-benefit analysis of the different possible strategies for the replacement. For the simulation model, it is assumed that the life of a timber sleeper is represented by the Weibull distribution. User-controlled inputs include the length of track and the number of years to be simulated. Results generated from the model include the percentage of defective sleepers, the average life remaining, the number of clusters of various sizes, the number of sleepers replaced, and the total cost of the strategy. Investigation was conducted into the length of track that should be simulated. The length depends on the required reliability of the model. The simulated replacement strategies are compared on the basis of cost and resulting track condition.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Robotic versus Nonrobotic Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery

Innovations Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1097/imi.0000000000000136 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 90-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammed Hassan ◽

Yongjie Miao ◽

Joy Lincoln ◽

Marco Ricci

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Mitral Valve Surgery ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Valve Repair ◽

Total Cost ◽

Clinical Benefits ◽

Institutional Experience

Objective To date, a direct comparison of minimally invasive mitral valve repair or replacement (mini-MVR) versus robotic MVR is lacking; therefore, the purpose of this study was to address this deficit and compare mini-MVR with robotic MVR from a cost-benefit perspective. Methods From a total of 759 literature citations, 21 studies were included for statistical comparisons of benefit outcomes, whereas 3 studies and our institutional experience were used to compare costs. Results The total cost per case exceeding that of conventional MVR is approximately $2063.90 for robotic MVR and $271 for mini-MVR. Mean 30-day mortality rates for mini-MVR and robotic MVR groups were 1.24% and 0.55%, respectively [106/8548 vs 6/1089; odds ratio (OR), 2.27; P = 0.052]. The conversion rate to conventional MVR was 0.77% in mini-MVR and 1.83% in robotic MVR (35/5092 vs 22/1046; OR, 0.32; P < 0.001). The rate of neurologic events was 1.32% in mini-MVR and 2.37% in robotic MVR (109/8257 vs 20/845; OR, 0.55; P = 0.02). Postoperative atrial fibrillation was seen in 11.42% of mini-MVR patients and in 19.67% of robotic MVR patients (371/3249 vs 203/1032; OR, 0.53, P < 0.001). Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer in mini-MVR (137.4 vs 130.4 minutes), whereas cross-clamp time was shorter (82.2 vs 96.7 minutes). Conclusions Our comparative analysis provides insights into the clinical benefits versus variable costs relationship related to mini-MVR and robotic MVR.

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Hepatitis A virus vaccination strategy and pre-immunization screening of Bangladeshi children

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21561 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Salahuddin Mahmud ◽

ASM Bazlul Karim ◽

Jahangir Alam ◽

MM Ziaul Islam ◽

NK Sarker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Medical Science ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Mass Vaccination ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Total Cost

Background: HAV infection is endemic in many developing countries like India, Pakistan, Nepal etc. Several seroprevalence studies show high rates of sero-positivity among children by sub-clinical infection. Therefore mass vaccination against HAV has not been recommended in endemic countries. Objective: To determine whether routine hepatitis A vaccination is indicated for all Bangladeshi children & also to know whether pre-vaccination screening is necessary. Materials & Methods: Serum samples from 254 children aged between 1-15 years were tested for antibody (IgM & IgG) against hepatitis A virus (HAV) to determine the seroprevalence of HAV antibody and do a cost-benefit analysis for decision making about vaccination against HAV among the children of Bangladesh. Results: Hepatitis A virus antibody was positive in 141 (55.5%) of 254 children. Age-specific sero-prevalence was 13 (23.2%) of 56 in 1-3 year, 64 (55.2%) of 116 in 3-5 year, 39 (70.9%) of 55 in 5-10 year & 25 (92.6%) of 27 in 10-15 year age group. Cost benefit analysis showed that the total cost of screening followed by vaccination was almost 1.8 times less than the total cost of vaccination of all children without screening. Conclusions: Majority of the children were found sero-positive against HAV around 15 year of age. Therefore mass vaccination against HAV may not be required for Bangladeshi children.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21561 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.65-69

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Histologic and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Specimens Performed for Morbid Obesity

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2020-0084-oa ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Klaudia Nowak ◽

Adam Di Palma ◽

Kenny Chieu ◽

Fayez Quereshy ◽

Timothy Jackson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Pathologic Examination ◽

Total Cost ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

Context.— Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has quickly become the bariatric surgical procedure of choice for patients with obesity who have failed medical management. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy results in a gastric remnant that is routinely subject to pathologic examination. Objective.— To perform a histologic and cost-benefit analysis of gastric remnants post-LSG. Design.— All LSG cases performed at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed. Specimens that underwent routine histopathologic assessment and ancillary immunohistochemical analysis were analyzed. Baseline patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were obtained from our internal database. The total cost of specimen gross preparation, examination, sampling, and producing and reporting a hematoxylin-eosin slide was calculated. Results.— A total of 572 patients underwent LSG during the study period and had their specimens examined histologically. A mean of 4.87 blocks generating 4 hematoxylin-eosin slides was produced. The most common histologic findings reported in LSG specimens ranged from no pathologic abnormalities identified together with proton pump inhibitor–related change. A minority of cases demonstrated clinically actionable histologic findings, of which Helicobacter pylori infection was the commonest. The total cost for the complete pathologic analysis of these cases amounted to CaD $66 383.10 (US $47 080.21) with a mean of CaD $116.05 (US $82.40) per case. A total of CaD $62 622.75 (US $44 413.30) was spent on full examination of cases that had no further postoperative clinical impact. Conclusions.— There is a broad spectrum of pathologic findings in LSG specimens, ranging from clinically nonactionable to more clinically actionable. The vast majority of histologic findings had no clinical impact, with only a minority of cases being clinically significant. This study therefore recommends that LSG specimens be subject to gross pathologic examination in the vast majority of cases. However, sections should be submitted for microscopic analysis if grossly evident lesions are present and if there is a clinical/known history of clinically actionable findings.

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