scholarly journals Abundance and Monthly Frequency of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Some Municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Alfredo Carlos Rodrigues de Azevedo ◽  
Cláudia Alves de Andrade-Coelho ◽  
Vanderlei Campos da Silva ◽  
Caroline Almeida Pereira Sena ◽  
Filipe Jonas Mattos Soares de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Integrated Program ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

Abstract. The present study had the objective of estimating the abundance and monthly frequency of vector phlebotomines for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the municipalities of Saquarema, Rio Bonito, Piraí and Rio Janeiro, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Seven sites located in these municipalities were monitored over a 10 to 12-month period. Lutzomyia migonei (França) Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri (Pinto) and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) the vectors for ACL, were recorded in all four of these municipalities. In this study, it was noteworthy that Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) the vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was registered. In addition to these vectors, three other phlebotomine species, including Lutzomyia edwardsi (Mangabeira), Lutzomyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho) and Lutzomyia firmatoi (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino) were captured in peridomestic environments at the seven monitoring sites (MS) over a 1476-hour period. A total of 23,187 specimens were captured leishmaniasis vector species accounted for 99.6% of the specimens captured. Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia presented the highest abundance (SISA = 1.0) and was recorded at all monitoring sites, with the highest mean Williams values. Lutzomyia migonei was the second most abundant and was found at all sites except MS6 (SISA = 0.66). Lutzomyia (L.) longipalpis, Lutzomyia sallesi, Lutzomyia firmatoi and Lutzomyia (P.) fischeri were occasionally observed at the MS. These studies point to  the need for adoption of policies involving actions of health education, associated with the notion of environmental management and the basics concepts of the disease, as element of success of an integrated program of entomological surveillance and control of  American cutaneous leishmaniasis.Abundância e Frequência Mensal de Flebotomíneos (Diptera: Phlebotomiae) em Alguns Municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, BrasilResumo. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de estimar a abundância e frequência mensal de algumas espécies de flebotomíneos incriminados como vetores da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), nos municípios de Saquarema, Rio Bonito, Piraí e Rio Janeiro, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Sete sítios localizados nesses municípios foram monitorados ao longo de um período de 10 a 12 meses. Lutzomyia migonei (França), Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri (Pinto) e Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva), foram registrados em todos os quatro municípios. Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) vetor comprovado da Leishmaniose Visceral (LV), foi registrado. Além desses vetores, outras três espécies de flebotomíneos, incluindo Lutzomyia edwardsi (Mangabeira), Lutzomyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho) e Lutzomyia firmatoi (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino) foram capturados em ambiente domiciliar nos sete sítios de monitoramento (SM) durante um período de 1.476 horas totalizando 23.187 espécimes. Espécies responsáveis pela transmissão das leishmanioses totalizaram 99,6%. L. (N.) intermedia apresentou a maior abundância (SISA = 1,0) e foi registrada em todos os SM, com os maiores valores médios de captura. Lutzomyia migonei foi a segunda mais abundante e também foi encontrada em todos os locais, exceto MS6 (SISA = 0,66). Lutzomyia (L.) longipalpis, Lutzomyia sallesi, Lutzomyia firmatoi e Lutzomyia (P.) fischeri foram ocasionalmente observadas nas SM. Esses estudos apontam para a necessidade de adoção de políticas que envolvam ações de educação em saúde, associados à noção de manejo ambiental e conceitos básicos da doença, como elemento de sucesso de um programa integrado de vigilância entomológica e controle da LTA.

scholarly journals Integrated Tools for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control: Intervention in an Endemic Area in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Gouveia ◽  
Rosely Magalhães de Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Zwetsch ◽  
Daniel Motta-Silva ◽  
Bruno Moreira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
And Control

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a focal disease whose surveillance and control require complex actions. The present study aimed to apply integrated tools related to entomological surveillance, environmental management, and health education practices in an ACL-endemic area in Rio de Janeiro city, RJ, Brazil. The distribution of the disease, the particular characteristics of the localities, and entomological data were used as additional information about ACL determinants. Environmental management actions were evaluated after health education practices. The frequency of ACL vectorsLutzomyia (N.) intermediaandL. migoneiinside and outside houses varied according to environment characteristics, probably influenced by the way of life of the popular groups. In this kind of situation environmental management and community mobilization become essential, as they help both specialists and residents create strategies that can interfere in the dynamics of vector’s population and the contact between man and vectors.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON CANINE POPULATION WITH THE USE OF IMMUNOLEISH SKIN TEST IN ENDEMIC AREAS OF HUMAN AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gloria O. Barbosa Santos ◽  
Mauro Célio A. Marzochi ◽  
Nilton Francisco Conceição ◽  
Célia Maria M. Brito ◽  
Raquel S. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Positive Rate

A survey for canine tegumentary leishmaniasis (CTL) has been carried out between 1986 and 1993 in seven endemic localities for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. 270 dogs have been examined for their clinical aspects, the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) with Immunoleish antigen and with immunofluorescent antibody research of IgG (IF). 28.2% of them had ulcer lesions and 3.3% had scars. The lesions consisted of single (39.5%) and mucocutaneous lesions (31.6%), multiple cutaneous (25.0%) and mucocutaneous lesions associated with cutaneous ulcers (4.0%). Twelve (15.8%) isolates from biopsies were analyzed by zimodeme and schizodeme and identified as L. (V.) braziliensis. The overall prevalence of canine infection that was evaluated with the skin test was of 40.5% and with IF it was of 25.5%. Both tests showed a high positive rate with relation to the animals with mucosal lesions, as in the case of human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The comparison of the two tests showed the skin test to have a better performance although there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) between them. The proportional sensitivity and specificity was of 84.0% and 74.0%, respectively. The Immunoleish skin test and IF are useful tools to be employed in CTL field epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of the Sociodemographic Characteristics, Comorbidities, Hospitalization, Signs, and Symptoms Among Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142110449
Author(s):  
André T. J. Alves ◽  
Letícia M. Raposo ◽  
Flávio F. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spatially Oriented

After more than 1 year from the beginning of the pandemic, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached all continents. The number of infected people is still increasing, and Brazil is among the countries with the highest number of registered cases in the world. In this study, we investigated the profile of hospitalized COVID-19 cases and the eventual clusters of similar areas, using geographic information systems. The study was conducted using secondary data. Variables such as sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, hospitalization, signs, and symptoms among confirmed cases were considered for each microregion/city of the state of Rio de Janeiro. These proportions were used when calculating the Global Moran's I. The local indicator of spatial association was used to identify local clusters. A significant global spatial auto correlation was found in 28% of the variables. The presence of spatial autocorrelation indicates that the proportions of patients with COVID-19 according to these characteristics are spatially oriented. Moran maps reveal 2 clusters, 1 of high proportions and 1 of low proportions. Understanding the geographic patterns of COVID-19 may assist public health investigators, contributing to actions to prevent and control the pandemic in the state.

scholarly journals Entomological profile and new registers of the genera Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae) in a Brazilian rural community of the District of Coxipó do Ouro, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e0848
Author(s):  
Adaiane Catarina Marcondes Jacobina ◽  
Jozeilton Dantas Bandeira ◽  
Fábio Alexandre Leal dos Santos ◽  
Elisangela Santana de Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Diniz Pereira Leite-Jr
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Principal Vector

The order Diptera is constituted of insects that possess numerous varieties of habitats, these winged, commonly called mosquitoes, comprise a monophyletic group. Malaria transmitters in Brazil are represented by mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus, being it principal vector species Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root. Collectings were accomplished in the rural area of Cuiabá in the region of Coxipó do Ouro/MT, and a total 4,773 adult mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles were obtained. The prevailing species in the collectings where An. (Nys.) darlingi with 3,905 (81.8%), considered the vector of major epidemiological expression in the region, followed by Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis (Robineau-Desvoidy) 267 (5.6%) and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto) 226 (4.7%). This report might be useful to entomological surveillance, demonstrating that the Coxipó do Ouro/MT locality might be elected as an area to be monitored, once the presence of such vector in this type of environment indicates a potential malaria transmission risk for the neighbouring regions in the state of Mato Grosso.

scholarly journals Phenotypic, molecular and pathogenic characterization of Colletotrichum scovillei infecting Capsicum species in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10782
Author(s):  
Renata Mussoi Giacomin ◽  
Claudete de Fátima Ruas ◽  
Viviane Yumi Baba ◽  
Sara Mataroli De Godoy ◽  
Claudia Pombo Sudré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Capsicum Baccatum ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Colletotrichum Scovillei ◽  
And Control

Anthracnose is a disease caused by Colletotrichum spp., one of the world’s most damaging sweet and chili pepper pathogens, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, anthracnose is one of the main obstacles for pepper crops. However, to date no research has focused on the identification and characterization of the pathogen, which is fundamental to understand the scope of the disease in the state. Thus, the correct identification of the fungal species and pathogenicity studies can provide important support for disease management and control, apart from identifying possible resistance sources for exploitation in peppers breeding programs. In this study, 11 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from peppers with typical symptoms in the Rio de Janeiro state. These isolates were characterized based on morpho-cultural characteristics and sequencing data from five regions (ITS, ACT, CAL, β-TUB and GAPDH), and the genetic variability was estimated by AFLP markers. Simultaneously, microscopy images of the colonization by the fungal species on unripe Capsicum annuum fruits were taken. Pathogenicity was tested and resistance sources were sought by means of infection of ripe and unripe fruits of 50 Capsicum baccatum accessions. The resulting data showed that all isolates belong to Colletotrichum scovillei specie. About the pathogenicity of Capsicum baccatum, differentiated, stage-specific responses, with higher resistance of ripe fruits were recorded. In addition, four possible sources of Colletotrichum scovillei resistance were detected among the tested accessions. The combination of these data can contribute to future studies on the interaction of Colletotrichum scovillei-Capsicum spp., a research line that is still unexploited in the main areas of this anthracnose fungus.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Celio de Almeida Marzochi ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Moacir Vieira de Andrade ◽  
Marcos Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Maria de Fátima Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Continental Slopes ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
And Control

From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.

scholarly journals Leishmaniose visceral no Rio de Janeiro: 1 - Flebotomíneos da área de procedência de caso humano autóctone

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Alves de Souza ◽  
Paulo Chagastelles Sabroza ◽  
Mauro Célio de Almeida Marzochi ◽  
Sérgio Gomes Coutinho ◽  
Wilson Jacinto Silva de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

Foi realizado um inquérito entomológico no período de agosto a dezembor de 1977 na área de procedência de caso autóctone de leishmaniose visceral, encosta do Rio da Prata, bairro de Bangu, Rio de Janeiro. Utilizando-se capturadores manuais foram investigados os peri-domicílios de 13 das 27 habitações da área, tendo-se selecionado quatro locais de capturas que haviam demonstrado serem de maior produtividade. Em 22 capturas (73,3 horas - capturador), coletou-se 1.585 flebotomíneos, sendo 828 (52,2%) Lutzomyia intermediata, 684 (43,1%) Lutzomyia longipalpis, 57 (3,6%) Lutzomyia migonei, 5 (0,3%) Lutzomya cortelezzii e Lutzomyia fischeri, 3 (0,2%) Lutzomyia micropyga, 1(0,1%) LUtzomyia firmatoi e 2 (0,2%) Brumptomyia sp. L. longipalpis predominou nos locais de captura acima de 100 metros de altitude, tanto em abrigos de animais do tipo galinheiro como chiqueiro. A maioria deles foi capturada no horário entre 18 e 21 horas mas eventualmente foram também capturados entre 15 e 17 horas. L. intermedia predominou abaixo de 100 metros e em chiqueiro, sendo encontrados em galinheiro menos freqüentemente que L. longipalpis. Os autores ressaltam a necessidade de adoção de medidas de controle na localidade, dado o risco potencial de transmissão de leishmaniose visceral em área próxima a grande concentração urbana.

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