Legal status of a law enforcement official of Mongolia

The author highlights the issues related to the essence and implementation of the legal status of a law enforcement official. These issues are the focus of attention of scientists (primarily specialists in administrative law), legislators, civil society, as well as of the employees themselves. The terms «legal status» and «legal situation» are analysed in details. The issues related to the definition of the legal status of a law enforcement official of Mongolia are considered. The author presents a wide range of opinions of lawyers on the content of the concept of «legal status of a law enforcement official», gives various classifications of the term of legal status, and presents his vision of this problem and its solution with regard to law enforcement agencies of Mongolia. The author agrees with the point of view of those specialists who point out that the specificity of the legal status of a law enforcement official, his rights and duties, requires adopting other components, such as responsibility, which are quite justified. The author also underlines that there is almost no mention of the key-concept «a law enforcement official» in Mongolian legislation. This led to a conclusion that this concept should be legalized before being considered in details. The research also briefly discusses the main results of the extensive work on reforming police in 2011–2015. The author notes that the absolute following the example of Western countries was not appropriate. Thus, the author criticizes some aspects of the transition of the police from a special service to a public one, for example, the procedure for assigning special ranks by positions held, which led to an outflow of specialists from the law enforcement sphere to other areas. The author concludes that legally fixed features characterizing the legal status of a law enforcement official are far from exhaustive and require further rethinking, research, improvement in law-making and law enforcement.

The Analysis of Recovery Implementation for Domestic Violence Victims

In Indonesia, the most common forms of domestic violence experienced are physical, sexual, psychological and economic neglect. As a result, it can cause physical and psychological injuries. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the victim's recovery in order to strengthen the victim to be more empowered, both physically and psychologically. This article aims to describe and analyze the recovery implementation for domestic violence victims in Indonesia using the literature review method. The recovery implementation of domestic violence victims is carried out by building communication between relevant stakeholders so that cooperation is established in providing services to victims of domestic violence in accordance with their respective duties and responsibilities. The participation of external parties such as NGOs or women's organizations can assist in providing protection and assistance so that victims can still benefit from the policy even though there are still limitations from the government. The benefits of counseling services can help victims to grow confidence in living life. Empowerment through training can provide provisions for a more independent life. Obstacles faced by the government include: limited budget for handling cases of violence, especially violence against women; the number of assistants and counselors in some areas is still lacking; many room of special service facilities are inadequate and the distribution of safe houses is not evenly distributed in each area.

The Key Elements of the Guarantee System of Compliance with the Legitimate Interests of the Parties to Investment Transactions: Interdependence and Functions

Introduction: the relevance of the research is due to the transformation of social relations in the neoindustrial era, which opens up technological innovations to mankind. In this regard, there is an objective need to revise and modernize many legal institutions and create a new legislative matter for the normal functioning of the banking and investment sector adequate to modern realities. Purpose: the paper contributes to the formation of the understanding of individual investors, recipients of investments, and investment intermediaries of the fact that there is a set of special means that can be freely implemented in a situation of violation of the rights and noncompliance with the legitimate interests of each of the participants in these relations. These special means should represent the interrelated and interdependent elements of the system, reinforcing, complementing each other, thereby forming a synergistic effect and thereby providing these guarantees. Methods: the methodological framework for the conducted scientific research is the method of historical materialism. In addition, while writing the paper, both the traditional general scientific methods (the dialectical method of cognition, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, etc.) and the specific scientific legal methods (formal-legal, the method of legal interpretation, etc.) were used. Results: the author substantiates the existence of five functional elements that guarantee in their totality a system of guarantees of compliance with the legitimate interests of participants to remote digital investment transactions. Firstly, there is a developed civil law regulation. Secondly, a workable institution of the financial Ombudsman. Thirdly, the effective regulation of this market segment by the central bank. Fourthly, jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional justice operating within the framework of legality. Fifthly, advanced information technologies for transactions and protection of rights. The functioning of the designated system of guarantees is investigated by elements. Conclusions: in summary, it is concluded that the efforts of scientists and developers-practitioners should be aimed at creating an end-to-end technology for participation in remote digital investment transactions and protection of their rights by the parties. The necessity of introducing special service applications that make up such technology is argued. It is proved that the implementation of such technology will allow functioning effectively, mutually complementing and strengthening all the elements of the guarantee system. It is proved that the key idea underlying the end-to-end technology of participation in remote digital investment transactions is the execution of the transactions themselves in the mode of smart contracts, which are executed, and the facts about the execution of their stages are stored in the distributed registry system. At the same time, this information technology should be integrated with the hardware and software complex of the GOSUSLUGI portal as a special service presented in the personal account of a citizen, as well as with the website of the Federal Tax Service with the corresponding service in the personal account of a party – a legal entity. These services should provide for a guaranteed and unhindered (automatic) possibility of an electronic, legally significant, appeal by a party to a remote digital investment transaction to the Bank of Russia, to a financial commissioner, to an arbitration institution, to a court.

Implementasi Metode Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) Untuk Penentuan Kelas Unggulan Di SMPN 2 Tanjung Lago

Education is a continuous process that contains elements of teaching, guidance, training and leadership with the specific aim of transferring various knowledge, values, and cultures. In education at a school, there must be a superior class. The superior class is a class that provides special service programs for students by developing their talents and creativity to meet the needs of students who have the potential for intelligence and talent of students. One way to determine the superior class in a school is to create a web-based application system using the F-AHP method to make it easier for the school to determine which students enter the superior class.

Determinants, principles and perspectives of cooperation between the polish fi nancial supervision authority and the police in economic security and prevention of economic crime — a quest for synergies

The Polish Financial Supervision Authority (hereinafter: KNF) is the key element of the economic security system of the Polish State. By establishing the KNF, the Polish legislator applied the concept of integratedfi nancial supervision (covering bank supervision, insurance supervision and capital market supervision) located outside the central bank. The KNF has been vested with a broad mandate, including powers to supervise authorised entities. However, the scope and nature of measures available to the KNF in the prevention of economic crime are determined by the institutional position of the KNF, which has not been established as a law enforcement authority or a uniformed or special service but rather an institution engaged in the fi ght against economic crime by providing expertise, supporting other state services specialised in this area. The KNF and the Offi ce of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (hereinafter: UKNF) actively support, among others, the police units that fi ght crime in the fi nancial market and work to increase the economic security of the Polish State. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure broad and effi cient cooperation between the police and the KNF. However, such collaboration must not be limited to relations between the institutions’ management; it should also involve, as far as possible, working and operational activities carried out at both institutions by individuals responsible for day-to-day tasks. This paper provides a closer perspective on the formal and organisational framework of said cooperation and discusses its examples.

Eliminating a Barrier to Access: Waiving or Reducing Fees for Public Records in Florida

Florida, the Sunshine State, is one of the few states that includes a right of access to public records in its constitution. While Florida guarantees a right of access to every person, special service charges and high costs for public records restrict access to only requestors with the financial resources to pay for requests. Some agencies assert that waiving fees for requests that have a public interest would be significantly costly. This article builds on research showing that a fee waiver for requests made in the public interest would have minimal effect on Florida municipalities. This article analyzes agency public records logs to assess how a fee waiver for requests made for noncommercial purposes and in the public interest would affect state agencies. This article finds that only 14% of requests reviewed would be entitled to a fee waiver.

Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan di Pondok Pesantren Attanwir Bojonegoro Jawa Timur

In education management, health service management is part of special service management. Disease problems that continue to exist and are often experienced by santri of pesantren, especially attanwir pesantren are scabies (scabies), itching, shortness of breath, fever, fainting, cough, runny nose, mild pain, and ulcers. RSKLSM Attanwir is a health clinic that was established to help improve health and welfare as well as improve the healthy life of pesantren residents. RSLKSM operational activities involve students who are members of Santri Siaga with the vision of "care for social and humanity". The types of health services provided by RSLKSM are carried out by combining the traditional thibbun nabawi health methods with conventional methods. This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation of health services and the implications of health service management on health services at Pondok Pesantren Attanwir Bojonegoro. This research uses descriptive qualitative field research with the triangulation technique. The results obtained indicate that each stage in the implementation of service management is multi-faceted, namely comprehensive, integrated, in-depth, and detailed. The nature of multi-faceted services can be found in health service activities, one of which is in the implementation of mass cupping activities.

SISTEM INFORMASI PELAYANAN SIM

The driving license administration service system is a special service provided by Nasional Police to people who want to make a SIM. This service system can be done online. The current application has made it a lot easier in the process of making up the SIM card production. However, there are some problems related to internal reports that must be reported because the service is not yet available in an existing application, so some recapitulation processes are still done conventionally and technical constraints on the server network. This study aims to create a service management information system application (SIMPEL SIM) that can provide solutions to internal reporting and server network technical constraints. The method used software development is waterflow. This application handles the printing of bank payment receipts automatically, granting the applicant's registration number automatically, printing the SIM application form on the form provided. Verification of the completeness of the file, validation of the score of the theory test, practice 1 and practice 2, validation of sim issuance and printing of temporary sim numbers if there is a technical problem in the existing network server. The use of the SIMPEL SIM application makes it easy to recapitulate internal reporting and can improve public services.

Installing green artificial reefs: a sustainable challenge

Green Artificial Reefs (GARs) are marine structures to exploit sea resources in a sustainable way (produce food resources, improve the tourism, etc.). They should be installed on the seabed, process that is not usually easy. Therefore, their installation process should be clearly defined. The aim of this paper is to propose several methods for installing a group of green artificial reefs designed in the PROARR research project. Two of these methodologies are conventional: a bulkcarrier and a special service workboat. The other technique is innovative: an autonomous vehicle. All of them offer different results in terms of maneuverability, positioning, precision and cost. This study will compare these four methods of installing green artificial reefs to improve the knowledge about this type of sustainable way of exploiting the marine resources.

Varieties of Opposition to Bureaucratic Leninism in Eastern Europe, 1968–1985

Brezhnev’s Bureaucratic Leninism was broadly emulated (or imposed) in East European communist regimes. But it was controversial and led to many rejections. The Prague Spring of 1968 was an effort to democratize the communist party from within. It was crushed by Warsaw Pact troops. Poland experienced a repeated wave of worker rebellions, as well as a cross-class alliance that resulted in Solidarity almost coming to power, until it was crushed in 1981 by Polish special-service troops. Hungary experimented with narrow-scope marketization of its economy, insufficient to create prosperity, but enough to avoid the extent of economic stagnation plaguing the Soviet Union. All these set the stage for Gorbachev’s reforms.