scholarly journals Regulacje na rzecz bezpieczeństwa dostaw i w sytuacjach kryzysowych przed i po wejściu w życie traktatu z Lizbony na przykładzie zaopatrzenia w gaz ziemny

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (54) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Beata Molo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Gas Supply

Regulations for Supply Security and in Emergency Situations Before and After the Lisbon Treaty Entry into Force Exemplified by Supply with Natural GasThe text presents selected aspects of the issue of the provision of energy supplies security in the European Union illustrated by the example gas supply before and after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. The legal frameworks oriented toward provision of gas supplies security as well as proper functioning of internal market gas in case of disruptions in gas supplies in the European Community/European Union has been discussed in the text. Among the legal acts described in the text are: Council Directive 2004/67/EC of 26 April 2004, Regulation (EU) No 994/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010, Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2017. In order to provide energy supplies security in case of disruptions in supplies the secondary legislation enhances capabilities of transport, storage and reacting.

scholarly journals The EU after Brexit: Key Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr YAKOVLEV
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Council ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Union History ◽  
The Eu

The decision on Britain’s secession from the European Union, taken by the British Parliament and agreed by London and Brussels, divided the Union history into “before” and “after”. Not only will the remaining member states have to “digest” the political, commercial, economic and mental consequences of parting with one of the largest partners. They will also have to create a substantially new algorithm for the functioning of United Europe. On this path, the EU is confronted with many geopolitical and geo-economic challenges, which should be answered by the new leaders of the European Commission, European Council, and European Parliament.

6. The European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
The Eu

The aims of this chapter are threefold. It first briefly considers the events that have led to the creation of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU). Secondly, it introduces the reader to the principal institutions of the Union: the European Council; the Council of Ministers; the European Commission; the European Parliament; and the Court of Justice of the EU and General Court. The nature and functions of each of these bodies is considered. Thirdly, the chapter indicates, where appropriate, the nature of the institutional reforms which have occurred following the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty by the member states.

6. The European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
The Eu

This chapter has three aims. It first briefly considers the origins of the what is now the European Union (EU). Secondly, it discusses the institutions of the Union, the European Council, the Council of Ministers, the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Court of Justice of the EU and General Court. The nature and functions of these bodies is considered. Thirdly, the chapter indicates the nature of institutional reforms which have occurred following the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty.

scholarly journals Qualitative monitoring of information infrastructures: A case study of INSPIRE

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Masser ◽  
Joep Crompvoets
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Community ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Information Infrastructures ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Nature Of Information

This paper considers the experience of the implementation of the Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) as a case study of qualitative monitoring in building information infrastructures. It considers the nature of information infrastructures and possible approaches to qualitative monitoring in situations of this kind and describes the outcomes of two rounds of qualitative country reports prepared by the European Union national Member States in 2010 and 2013. The findings of the analysis highlight the great diversity of approaches developed by the participating countries and the complexity of the tasks involved as well as pointing to a number of areas of potential research on the implementation of information infrastructures.

scholarly journals Zdolność rejestrowa zapachowych znaków towarowych przed i po wprowadzeniu dyrektywy 2015/2436. Zmiana w praktyce czy jedynie w teorii?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Barbara Pietrzyk-Tobiasz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Before And After

<p>Smells are an unusual way of communication, allowing not only for the creation of associations in the minds of the recipients, but also for evoking certain emotions. Therefore, they are used in marketing strategies and they may become trade marks. Unfortunately, until the adoption of Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks, these signs were, in principle, excluded from registration. This was due to their inability to meet the requirement of graphic representation as understood by the criteria established by the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. However, under this Directive, this requirement was abolished and replaced by the criterion of so-called representativeness of the sign. The purpose of this article is to present olfactory marks from both a marketing perspective and the admissibility of their registration, as well as to analyze the practice of registering them before and after the adoption of Directive 2015/2436.</p>

Introduction: Decision-Making in the European Union before and after the Lisbon Treaty

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Hosli ◽  
Amie Kreppel ◽  
Běla Plechanovová ◽  
Amy Verdun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Before And After

6. The European Parliament: The power of democratic ideas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Direct Elections ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines how the power of the democratic idea drives change in the European Parliament’s (EP) powers. The EP, the only directly elected institution of the European Union, derives its authority from national electorates rather than national governments and is therefore a transnational institution. Since the first direct elections in 1979, the EP’s powers and status have grown dramatically, culminating in the changes agreed under the 2007 Lisbon Treaty. Nevertheless, the EU is perceived to be suffering from a ‘democratic deficit’. This chapter first traces the historical evolution of the EP before discussing its decision-making. It then considers how the EP aggregates interests, what influence it exercises, and what kind of body it is becoming. It concludes by assessing various perspectives about the EU’s democratic deficit. The chapter stresses the importance of consensus mechanisms within the EP as well as those that link it to other EU institutions.

5.5 The institutions of the European Community The Treaty of Rome set up a range of institutions to make the European Community function. The number of institutions has steadily increased in the intervening decades and currently some of the most important and relevant for your purposes are: • the European Parliament; • the European Commission; • the Council of Ministers; • the European Court of Justice; • the Court of Auditors; • the European Central Bank (ECB); • the European Investment Bank (EIB) 5.5.5.1 The European Council (now known as the Council of the European Union) This is an important group and is often confused with the Council of Ministers (and of course the name makes it ripe for confusion with the Council of Europe discussed in 5.4.1.1, above, in relation to the ECHR). The Council of the European Union is made up of the heads of government of Member States with representatives from the Commission of the Union. Whilst such a group has been core in the idea of the Community from the beginning it is not part of the legal or executive institutions of the Union. It is purely composed of those with loyalty to the Member State but desiring to forward their own agenda alongside the Union. They meet twice a year or more if necessary and have the power to agree new treaties. What appears to be happening is that the Council of the European Union is exerting increasing power and influence on the policy of the Union whilst standing outside the institutions. 5.5.5.2 The important law making institutions Several institutions within the EC have essential roles in the law making process either as initiators of legislation or with the authority to make law. You will, of course, learn about these in detail in English legal system, EU and public law courses. The main ones are as follows: • the European Parliament; • the European Commission; • the Council of Ministers; • the European Council; • the ECB. These areas will be covered in detail in specific subjects such as English legal system and constitutional law but they will be discussed briefly and sometimes illustrated with tables or diagrams for two reasons: • to provide a quick overview that will hopefully aid reading set texts covering these areas; and

2012 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Community ◽  
Legal System ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Law Making

What's Up and What's Next in the Arena of Pollution Control? The New E-PRTR as a Tool towards Innovative Climate and Environmental Conservation Approaches

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-199
Author(s):  
Dirk Bünger
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
European Community ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Innovative Climate

AbstractHaving regard to Article 192 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (ex Article 175 (1) of the Treaty Establishing the European Community, TEC) the European Parliament and the Council have adopted Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 establishing the new European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). E-PRTR provides unprecedented environmental information to the public on pollutant releases and has the ambitious purpose of preventing and reducing environmental pollution. This contribution explores the reporting requirements of polluters and delineates approaches to reconcile those requirements as well as areas of possible utilisation of such data.

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