scholarly journals Symbolic efficiency in ultra marathons: the Ultra Sierra Nevada and 101 km in 24 h cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (43) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Personal Challenges ◽  
Psychological Demands

Nowadays the high physical and psychological demands of ultra marathons have not prevented this type of races from becoming popular and an important way to demonstrate authenticity in personal work. Through the ethnographic work, the historical review and practical experience in two competitions, such as the Ultra Sierra Nevada of Granada and 101 km. In 24 h. of Ronda, we show significant evidence to understand how and to what extent, through the symbolic burden they have, both contribute to the formation of one self for those who organice and participate in them. The overcoming of personal challenges, the popularization of heroism, the formation of a collective identity, the consideration of the sacred and the claim or projection of an ideology with military values are interpreted as the main results obtained.

De “La Legión contra la droga” a “Todos con la Patria”. Evolución de los 101 km en 24 h de Ronda (From "The Legion Against Drugs" to "All with the Homeland": Evolution of the 101 km in 24 h of Ronda)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 447-458
Author(s):  
Angel Acuna Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Ethnographic Field Work

  Iniciada en 1995, los 101 km en 24 h de Ronda se ha consolidado como una de las más emblemáticas y singulares ultra maratones del territorio español. En este trabajo focalizamos la atención en los relatos emitidos en torno a la prueba, interrogándonos sobre los motivos, valores y sensaciones expresadas por participantes, público y organizadores, a fin de entender las claves de su éxito y la filosofía que la envuelve. A partir de los datos producidos a través del trabajo de campo etnográfico, la experiencia práctica en esta carrera y la información documental, se reflexiona sobre las implicaciones y consecuencias de dos importantes mensajes emblemáticos empleados como consigna del evento, que marcan momentos históricos diferentes: de <<La Legión contra la droga>> del ayer al <<Todos con la Patria>> de hoy. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se hace entendible cómo un acontecimiento así, a través del aparato simbólico que lo envuelve y los intereses económicos, sociales y políticos que genera, sobrepasa la esfera de lo estrictamente deportivo para convertirse en un poderoso vehículo de identidad individual y colectiva que alimenta un peculiar imaginario ideológico. Abstract. Started in 1995, the 101 km in 24 h of Ronda have established as one of the most emblematic and unique ultra-marathons in Spain. In this work we focus our attention on the stories issued around the race, asking about the motives, values ​​and sensations expressed by participants, public and organizers, in order to understand the keys to their success and the philosophy that surrounds it. Based on the data produced through ethnographic field work, the practical experience in this race and documentary information, we reflect on the implications and consequences of two important emblematic messages used as slogan of the event, which mark different historical moments: from <<The Legion (army) against drugs>> of yesterday to <<Everyone with the Homeland>> of today. According to the results obtained, it becomes understandable how such an event, through the symbolic apparatus that surrounds it, and the economic, social and political interests that it generates, goes beyond the strictly sports sphere to become a powerful vehicle of individual and collective identity which it feeds a peculiar ideological imaginary.

scholarly journals 101 KM. EN 24 H. Y LOS ESPÍRITUS LEGIONARIOS: UNA OCASIÓN PARA PENSARNOS

2019 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ángel Acuña Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Many

Resumen: Entre las muchas carreras ultra largas que tienen lugar dentro del panorama español, los 101 km. en 24 h. de Ronda organizados por La Legión se han consolidado como una de las más emblemáticas y singulares. Cumplidos ya los 20 años de historia, el éxito de participación y la expectación que genera la convierten en un fenómeno social que sobrepasa la esfera de lo deportivo. Contrastando la experiencia práctica y el material etnográfico producido en 1999 y 2000, con la revisión histórica y al análisis de contenido del material obtenido de la literatura e internet en 2016 y 2017, respondemos aquí a cómo los denominados “espíritus legionarios” son gestionados por los organizadores en la carrera para hablar de sí mismos, y cómo éstos cobran sentido para los participantes del evento.Abstract: Among the many ultra long races that take place within the Spanish panorama, the 101 kilometers in 24 hours of Ronda, organized by the Legion (specialized group of the Spanish army), have been consolidated as one of the most emblematic and singular ones. Once the 20 years of history have been fulfilled, the success in participation and expectation that generates, make it a social phenomenon that exceeds the sportive aspects. Checking the practical experience and the ethnographic information produced in 1999 and 2000, attached to the historical review and the analysis of literature and Internet data collected between 2016 and 2017, we try to respond here how the named "legionary spirits" are managed by the organizers in the race to talk about themselves, and how it make sense for the participants of the event.

The Fundamentals of the Clinical Fellowship Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Melanie Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
New Graduate ◽  
Independent Practitioner

The Clinical Fellowship Experience is described by the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) as the transition period from constant supervision to independent practitioner. It is typically the first paid professional experience for the new graduate, and may be in a setting with which the new clinician has little or even no significant practical experience. The mentor of a clinical fellow (CF) plays an important role in supporting the growth and development of this new professional in areas that extend beyond application of clinical skills and knowledge. This article discusses how the mentor may provide this support within a framework that facilitates the path to clinical independence.

A Historical Review of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in the “Guides Library”

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ◽  
International Association ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Sixth Edition

Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a controversial, ambiguous, unreliable, and unvalidated concept that, for these very reasons, has been justifiably ignored in the “AMA Guides Library” that includes the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), the AMA Guides Newsletter, and other publications in this suite. But because of the surge of CRPS-related medicolegal claims and the mission of the AMA Guides to assist those who adjudicate such claims, a discussion of CRPS is warranted, especially because of what some believe to be confusing recommendations regarding causation. In 1994, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) introduced a newly invented concept, CRPS, to replace the concepts of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (replaced by CRPS I) and causalgia (replaced by CRPS II). An article in the November/December 1997 issue of The Guides Newsletter introduced CRPS and presciently recommended that evaluators avoid the IASP protocol in favor of extensive differential diagnosis based on objective findings. A series of articles in The Guides Newsletter in 2006 extensively discussed the shortcomings of CRPS. The AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, notes that the inherent lack of injury-relatedness for the nonvalidated concept of CRPS creates a dilemma for impairment evaluators. Focusing on impairment evaluation and not on injury-relatedness would greatly simplify use of the AMA Guides.

Becoming Politicized

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Beliefs About The Future ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

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