“Let the Sunshine In”: The Impact of Industry Payment Disclosure on Physician Prescription Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Guo ◽  
Srinivasaraghavan Sriram ◽  
Puneet Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Self Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prescription Behavior

Disclosing marketing payments to physicians resulted in a robust decline in both branded and generic prescriptions in three best-seller classes, likely because of physician self-monitoring.

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

Refining POSSIBLE: A Multicomponent Intervention to Increase HIV Risk Perceptions and PrEP Initiation Among Black Sexual Minority Men (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Dangerfield ◽  
Janeane N. Anderson ◽  
Charleen Wylie ◽  
Renata Arrington-Sanders ◽  
Ricky N. Bluthenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Increased HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation is urgently needed to substantially decrease the incidence among Black sexual minority men (BSMM). However, BSMM are less likely than other groups to accept a clinician’s recommendation to initiate PrEP and uptake remains suboptimal. Peers and smartphone apps are popular HIV prevention-intervention mechanisms that are typically used independently. Few studies have combined these strategies into a multi-component intervention to increase PrEP initiation for BSMM. OBJECTIVE This study refined an intervention using a smartphone app and a peer change agent (PCA) to increase HIV risk perceptions (HRP) and PrEP initiation among BSMM. METHODS Data were obtained from 12 focus groups and one in-depth interview among BSMM from Baltimore, MD, between October 2019 and May 2020 (N=39). Groups were stratified by age group: 18-24, 25-34, and 35 and older. Facilitators probed on attitudes towards the app, working with a PCA, and preferences for PCA characteristics. RESULTS Most self-identified as homosexual, gay, or same gender-loving (68%), were employed (69%), single (66%), and interested in self-monitoring sexual behaviors (68.4%). Overall, participants had low HRP and suggested that self-monitoring sexual behaviors could trigger internalized stigma. An acceptable PCA should be a “possible self” for BSMM to aspire. CONCLUSIONS Future research should explore the impact of implementing this strategy on HRP and PrEP initiation among BSMM.

scholarly journals Implications of remote monitoring Technology in Optimizing Traditional Self-Monitoring of blood glucose in adults with T2DM in primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R. Montero ◽  
David Toro-Tobon ◽  
Kelly Gann ◽  
Carine M. Nassar ◽  
Gretchen A. Youssef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been shown to reduce hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Accordingly, guidelines recommend SMBG up to 4–10 times daily for adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on insulin. For persons not on insulin, recommendations are equivocal. Newer technology-enabled blood glucose monitoring (BGM) devices can facilitate remote monitoring of glycemic data. New evidence generated by remote BGM may help to guide best practices for frequency and timing of finger-stick blood glucose (FSBG) monitoring in uncontrolled T2DM patients managed in primary care settings. This study aims to evaluate the impact of SMBG utility and frequency on glycemic outcomes using a novel BGM system which auto-transfers near real-time FSBG data to a cloud-based dashboard using cellular networks. Methods Secondary analysis of the intervention arm of a comparative non-randomized trial with propensity-matched chart controls. Adults with T2DM and HbA1C > 9% receiving care in five primary care practices in a healthcare system participated in a 3-month diabetes boot camp (DBC) using telemedicine and a novel BGM to support comprehensive diabetes care management. The primary independent variable was frequency of FSBG. Secondary outcomes included frequency of FSBG by insulin status, distribution of FSBG checks by time of day, and hypoglycemia rates. Results 48,111 FSBGs were transmitted by 359 DBC completers. Participants performed 1.5 FSBG checks/day; with 1.6 checks/day for those on basal/bolus insulin. Higher FSBG frequency was associated with greater improvement in HbA1C independent of insulin treatment status (p = 0.0003). FSBG frequency was higher in patients treated with insulin (p = 0.003). FSBG checks were most common pre-breakfast and post-dinner. Hypoglycemia was rare (1.2% < 70 mg/dL). Conclusions Adults with uncontrolled T2DM achieved significant HbA1C improvement performing just 1.5 FSBGs daily during a technology-enabled diabetes care intervention. Among the 40% taking insulin, this improvement was achieved with a lower FSBG frequency than guidelines recommend. For those not on insulin, despite a lower frequency of FSBG, they achieved a greater reduction in A1C compared to patients on insulin. Low frequency FSBG monitoring pre-breakfast and post-dinner can potentially support optimization of glycemic control regardless of insulin status in the primary care setting. Trial registration Trial registration number:NCT02925312 (10/19/2016).

scholarly journals Self-Directed Learning in EFL During Covid-19 Pandemic: Teacher’s Perception and Students’ Learning Autonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Made Purnia Adi ◽  
Luh Putu Artini ◽  
Luh Gede Eka Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Teacher's Perception

Due to the global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), new regulations require students to study from home so that students must be able to study independently. This study aimed to analyze teachers' perceptions of self-directed learning (SDL) and SDL components that can be identified from online learning activities assigned by teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was designed in the form of embedded mixed-method research. An English teacher at a high school was selected as a participant. Furthermore, data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and classification tables. The results showed that: 1) with a score of 4.00, teachers perceive themselves as "knowledgeable" about SDL knowledge, with a score of 3.57, teachers perceive themselves as "expected" or often carry out learning activities that support SDL, with a score of 3.88, teachers assessing the impact of SDL as “influential” on students, 2) components of SDL reflected through online learning activities assigned by the teacher are “developing a sense of belonging to students in learning” and “developing student self-monitoring” and self-management.” Thus, teachers perceive SDL positively, and there are two components of SDL promoted by teachers' online learning activities.

The Impact of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose on a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. McAndrew ◽  
Melissa A. Napolitano ◽  
Leonard M. Pogach ◽  
Karen S. Quigley ◽  
Kerri Leh Shantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Executive Function, Metacognition, and Language: Promoting Student Success With Explicit Strategy Instruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lynn Meltzer ◽  
Michael Aaron Greschler ◽  
Kim Davis ◽  
Caitlin Vanderberg
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Student Success ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article was to discuss the important relationship between executive function and language skills and to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with strategies for promoting student success. Background and Method The impact of executive function processes on language and literacy begins in the preschool years and becomes increasingly important from third grade onward. These executive function processes play a more dominant role when tasks require students to integrate and synthesize multiple linguistic and other subskills in order to read and comprehend, write, complete projects, and study for quizzes and tests. In this clinical focus article, we provide a brief overview of research-based executive function strategies that are beneficial for all learners and are essential for students with language weaknesses as well as learning and attention difficulties. We focus on the key executive function processes that are the foundation of academic performance, namely, goal setting, organizing and prioritizing, thinking and problem-solving flexibly, accessing information in working memory, and self-monitoring. We discuss a theoretical framework for understanding and promoting metacognition and executive function as part of assessment and treatment plans for SLPs. Finally, we address the importance of executive function strategies for improving students' effort, academic performance, and resilience. Conclusion SLPs can promote student success by offering structured and systematic approaches to teaching executive function strategies.

Multimodal emotion perception in young and elderly patients with multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Montembeault ◽  
Estefania Brando ◽  
Kim Charest ◽  
Alexandra Tremblay ◽  
Élaine Roger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Facial Emotions ◽  
Multimodal Emotion Recognition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Background. Studies suggest that emotion recognition and empathy are impaired in patients with MS (pwMS). Nonetheless, most studies of emotion recognition have used facial stimuli, are restricted to young samples, and rely self-report assessments of empathy. The aims of this study are to determine the impact of MS and age on multimodal emotion recognition (facial emotions and vocal emotional bursts) and on socioemotional sensitivity (as reported by the participants and their informants). We also aim to investigate the associations between emotion recognition, socioemotional sensitivity, and cognitive measures. Methods. We recruited 13 young healthy controls (HC), 14 young pwMS, 14 elderly HC and 15 elderly pwMS. They underwent a short neuropsychological battery, an experimental emotion recognition task including facial emotions and vocal emotional bursts. Both participants and their study informants completed the Revised-Self Monitoring Scale (RSMS) to assess the participant’s socioemotional sensitivity. Results. There was a significant effect of age and group on recognition of both facial emotions and emotional vocal bursts, HC performing significantly better than pwMS, and young participants performing better than elderly participants (no interaction effect). The same effects were observed on self-reported socioemotional sensitivity. However, lower socioemotional sensitivity in pwMS was not reported by the informants. Finally, multimodal emotion recognition did not correlate with socioemotional sensitivity, but it correlated with global cognitive severity. Conclusion. PwMS present with multimodal emotion perception deficits. Our results extend previous findings of decreased emotion perception and empathy to a group of elderly pwMS, in which advancing age does not accentuate these deficits. However, the decreased socioemotional sensitivity reported by pwMS does not appear to be observed by their relatives, nor to correlate with their emotion perception impairments. Future studies should investigate the real-life impacts of emotion perception deficits in pwMS.

CEO Self-Monitoring and Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Moderated Mediation Model of the CEO-TMT Interface

2021 ◽  
pp. 014920632110484
Author(s):  
Jianhong Chen ◽  
Zeki Simsek ◽  
Yi Liao ◽  
Ho Kwong Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Behavioral Integration ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Impact

Focusing on the interface between CEOs and top management teams (TMTs), we argue that CEO self-monitoring positively impacts a firm's pursuit of corporate entrepreneurship through the intervening role of TMT behavioral integration. We additionally argue that the impact becomes stronger as the firm's discretionary slack decreases because decreased slack creates an organizational context more favorable to the influences of both CEO self-monitoring and TMT behavioral integration. Results based on multisource (CEOs and TMTs) and multiwave data from 110 firms support the model and associated hypotheses.

Effects of Tactile Prompting and Self-Monitoring on Teachers’ Use of Behavior-Specific Praise

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Markelz ◽  
Jonte C. Taylor ◽  
Tom Kitchen ◽  
Paul J. Riccomini ◽  
Mary Catherine Scheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Student Behaviors ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Behavior Specific Praise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Task Behaviors ◽  
Specific Praise

Effectively managing a classroom is crucial in promoting positive student outcomes. Behavior-specific praise is an empirically supported strategy to reinforce desirable student behaviors. Following a review of the literature, we identified tactile prompting and self-monitoring as effective methods to increase teachers’ use of behavior-specific praise while sustaining intervention long enough until teachers contacted natural maintaining contingencies. We created electronic tactile awareness prompting with self-monitoring (eTAPS) by combining two applications on an Apple Watch. Using a multiple-baseline-across-participants design, this study primarily investigated the effects of eTAPS on special education teachers’ use of behavior-specific praise. Secondarily, this study investigated the impact that behavior-specific praise would have on the on-task behaviors of targeted students with disabilities demonstrating frequent off-task behaviors. Results indicated that eTAPS was effective in increasing and maintaining behavior-specific praise rates. Furthermore, significant increases in student on-task behavior occurred. Implications of results and future research are discussed.

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