scholarly journals Review and Concept Development for Electricity Generation from Municipal Solid Waste Using Mfcs

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
Jahangeer Jahangeer ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Shaktibala Shaktibala ◽  
Shamim Rayani
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Waste Remediation ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

The aim of this manuscript is to review and conceptualization of electricity generation from solid waste using Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) technology. MFCs technology has an ample future for both waste remediation and renewable energy generation due to an aerobic microbe produces less sludge in MFCs compared with conventional methods. Electricity can be generated from different organic matters such as fatty acids, proteins, wastewater, and carbohydrates etc. Elegant energy can be generated which helps for compensating the costs. The performance of MFCs depends on the system architecture, internal resistance, species and amount of bacteria on the anode, type of organic matter, chemical characteristics of the medium (pH, solution conductivity and chemical concentration) and the electrode surface characteristics. One set of practical experiment was performed using single chamber MFCs and the power generation along with COD removal was measured. The results show significant power generation and effective COD removal parallel in MFC cell. This study will help in design and research for renewable energy production and waste management.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube/Pt Cathode Nanocomposite Electrode in Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment and Bioenergy Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8057
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ghasemi ◽  
Mehdi Sedighi ◽  
Yie Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Cathode Catalyst

In this paper, we reported the fabrication, characterization, and application of carbon nanotube (CNT)-platinum nanocomposite as a novel generation of cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sustainable energy production and wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the carbon nanocomposites was compared by platinum (Pt), which is the most effective and common cathode catalyst. This nanocomposite is utilized to benefit from the catalytic properties of CNTs and reduce the amount of required Pt, as it is an expensive catalyst. The CNT/Pt nanocomposites were synthesized via a chemical reduction technique and the electrodes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, electronic dispersive X-Ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposites were applied as cathode catalysts in the MFC to obtain polarization curve and coulombic efficiency (CE) results. The catalytic properties of electrodes were tested by linear sweep voltammetry. The CNT/Pt at the concentration of 0.3 mg/cm2 had the highest performance in terms of CE (47.16%), internal resistance (551 Ω), COD removal (88.9%), and power generation (143 mW/m2). In contrast, for the electrode with 0.5 mg/L of Pt catalyst, CE, internal resistance, COD removal, and power generation were 19%, 810 Ω, 96%, and 84.1 mW/m2, respectively. So, it has been found that carbon nanocomposite cathode electrodes had better performance for sustainable clean energy production and COD removal by MFC.

Cost Analysis for the Renewable Energy Generation to meet the Energy Security in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakib Hassan Eon ◽  
Shakib Hassan Eon ◽  
Shakib Hassan Eon
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

Renewable energy generation is no more an alternative rather it becomes a choice for the power generation to meet the upcoming energy demand. Considering the non- renewable energy unavailability, as well as, the environmental impact, renewable energy should be the first choice. Most of the power generation in Bangladesh comes from nonrenewable energy and a noticeable amount of energy is imported from abroad. As a developing country, it is not cost-efficient and never ensures energy security. To ensure long-term energy security, it is time to shift power generation from nonrenewable to renewable energy generation. This paper presents an approximate calculation for the renewable power generating plant cost and returning year. The cost calculation is done in the context of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Does Combined Heat and Power Play the Role of a Bridge in Energy Transition? Evidence from a Cross-Country Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Jin Kim ◽  
Jeong-Joon Yu ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Parameter Estimate ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

In an era of energy transition involving an increase in renewable energy and a reduction in coal-fired power generation and nuclear power generation, the role of combined heat and power (CHP) as a bridging energy is highly emphasized. This article attempts to look empirically into the impact of increasing the share of renewable energy in total electricity generation on CHP share in total electricity generation in a cross-country context. Data from 35 countries during the period 2009–2015 were used, and the least absolute deviations estimator was applied to obtain a more robust parameter estimate. The results showed that a 1%p increase in the share of renewable energy significantly increased the CHP share by 0.87%p. Therefore, the hypothesis that CHP serves as bridge energy in the process of energy transition was established.

scholarly journals Integration Capability Evaluation of Wind and Photovoltaic Generation in Power Systems Based on Temporal and Spatial Correlations

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Huahua Wu ◽  
Chengjin Ye ◽  
Shijie Xiao ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Copula Model ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
Pv Power Generation

With the rapid growth of renewable energy generation, it has become essential to give a comprehensive evaluation of renewable energy integration capability in power systems to reduce renewable generation curtailment. Existing research has not considered the correlations between wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power. In this paper, temporal and spatial correlations among different renewable generations are utilized to evaluate the integration capability of power systems based on the copula model. Firstly, the temporal and spatial correlation between wind and PV power generation is analyzed. Secondly, the temporal and spatial distribution model of both wind and PV power generation output is formulated based on the copula model. Thirdly, aggregated generation output scenarios of wind and PV power are generated. Fourthly, wind and PV power scenarios are utilized in an optimal power flow calculation model of power systems. Lastly, the integration capacity of wind power and PV power is shown to be able to be evaluated by satisfying the reliability of power system operation. Simulation results of a modified IEEE RTS-24 bus system indicate that the integration capability of renewable energy generation in power systems can be comprehensively evaluated based on the temporal and spatial correlations of renewable energy generation.

scholarly journals Suitability assessment for electricity generation through renewable sources: towards sustainable energy production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pérez-Denicia ◽  
Fabián Fernández-Luqueño ◽  
Darnes Vilariño-Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Renewable Sources

Power generation through renewable sources is an effective alternative to mitigate climate change as its environmental impact is lower compared to fossil fuels. However, socio-economic problems are constant in sites where power plants are installed, especially in developing countries. In this paper, an innovative methodology was developed to assess the suitability of electricity generation through solar, wind, and biomass energy. Unlike most studies found in scientific literature, this work considers social, environmental, and economic aspects as key to determine the suitability of energy projects. First, we carried out a comprehensive analysis on social acceptance and resilience towards renewable energy and the conditions for communities to benefit from these projects; then, we analyzed the availability and capacity of renewable energy sources in Mexico, as a case study. Next,  a set of indicators related to the three pillars of sustainability was developed to assess the conditions of each place with the best renewable resources in the country. The life cycle and capacity factor of each technology were also considered. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed to determine the most suitable locations and technologies for power generation. The results show a trend towards the states of northern Mexico, especially those bordering the United States, as the most viable for electricity generation. The most appropriate technology is wind energy. Finally, Oaxaca, the state with the best wind resources and current leader in wind power generation in Mexico is, by contrast, the least viable state for wind generation, as has been later confirmed by scientific evidence, as wind facilities are associated with severe socio-cultural and economic damage in host communities in this state.

scholarly journals Enhanced and Effective Degradation of Waste Water Treatment for Hydrogen and Bioelectricity Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Free Environment

This paper summarises different methods used for the Electrical power generation using microorganisms in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), where power generation is done in a microbial environment. Microorganisms are used as catalysts to degrade the supplied source effectively. This bioelectricity production is carried out in an enhanced way in a pollution-free environment. This paper addresses different aspects of electricity generation with the help of microorganisms. Various types of Microbial fuel cells have been described based on their constructional details. One of the different power generation methods is wastewater treatment. Also, hydrogen is generated in this environment, which can be used in fuel cells. Different factors and catalysts used to produce bioelectricity are identified and analyzed. Finally, the power produced in those methods had been compared, and the best method is cited.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Available/Existing Renewable Energy Systems in Malaysia and Comparison of Their Capability of Electricity Generation in Malaysia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi ◽  
Yuhani Pamodha Wimalaratna ◽  
Jubaer Ahmed ◽  
Kamyar Mehranzamir ◽  
San Chuin Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
The Moment

Malaysia is one of the fastest emerging and developing countries in the world. To drive the economical workhorse, large amounts of power is required. The power demand has risen to 156,003 GWh per year in the year 2016, almost 30,000 GWh more than 5 years prior. Fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil, and diesel have been the driving force powering Malaysia’s grids. However, these resources will not last forever, and they do harm to our environment. To counter this, renewable energy (RE) projects have been constructed all around Malaysia. This paper discusses on available and existing renewable energy systems (single/hybrid) in Malaysia and provides a comparison of their electricity generation capabilities. The renewable energy sources that are covered in this paper include Solar, Hydropower, Biomass, Tidal and Geothermal. At the moment, hydropower is the largest renewable energy producer, contributing to almost 15% of the country’s total energy generation. A lot of resources have been channeled towards the initiative of hydropower and it has definitely borne much fruit. This is followed by Solar Energy. Even though it is not as successful as hydropower, there is still a lot of avenues for it to grow in a tropical country like this. Malaysia is still relatively new in terms of power generation using biomass sources. There has been a gradual increase in the power generation using biofuels through the years and its future does look bright. Energy generation from wind, tidal, and geothermal sources has been rather challenging. Because of Malaysia’s geographical location, it experiences slow winds on average throughout the year. This has led to insufficient output for its financial input. Besides that, Malaysia also has relatively low tide, if compared to other Asian countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines. This contributed to the failure of tidal energy in Malaysia, but there have been signs of locations that can be suitable for this energy generation. Besides that, the country’s first geothermal power plant project failed due to a lack of preparation and discipline during the project’s execution. There is a high initial cost for geothermal projects, and the chances of failure are high if the necessary precautions are not followed. This could be one of the reasons why this branch of renewable energy has not been explored deeply.

scholarly journals Modeling Power Generation and Energy Efficiencies in Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells Based on Freter Equations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjian Lin ◽  
Sarah (Xiao) Wu ◽  
Jun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
External Resistor ◽  
Attached Biomass ◽  
Initial Substrate Concentration

The model proposed in this study was based on the assumption that the biomass attached to the anode served as biocatalysts for MFC exoelectrogenesis, and this catalytic effect was quantified by the exchange current density of anode. By modifying the Freter model and combining it with the Butler-Volmer equation, this model could adequately describe the processes of electricity generation, substrate utilization, and the suspended and attached biomass concentrations, at both batch and continuous operating modes. MFC performance is affected by the operating variables such as initial substrate concentration, external resistor, influent substrate concentration, and dilution rate, and these variables were revealed to have complex interactions by data simulation. The external power generation and energy efficiency were considered as indices for MFC performance. The simulated results explained that an intermediate initial substrate concentration (about 100 mg/L under this reactor configuration) needed to be chosen to achieve maximum overall energy efficiency from substrate in the batch mode. An external resistor with the value about that of the internal resistance boosted the power generation, and a resistor with several times of that of the internal resistance achieved better overall energy efficiency. At continuous mode, dilution rate significantly impacted the steady-state substrate concentration level (thus substrate removal efficiency and rate), and attached biomass could be fully developed when the influent substrate concentration was equal to or higher than 100 mg/L at any dilution rate of the tested range. Overall, this relatively simple model provided a convenient way for evaluating and optimizing the performance of MFC reactors by regulating operating parameters.

The Uses of Renewable Energy in Buildings

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Paul C. Okonkwo ◽  
El Manaa Barhoumib ◽  
Wesam H. Beitelmal ◽  
Israr I. U. Hassan ◽  
Michael Nnamdi Azubuike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

Only 5% of Australia's energy utilization comes from renewables, while 86.3% of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels. Nonetheless, this pattern has been disturbed by the ongoing decommissioning and closure of old coal power plants, alongside the Australian policy to reduce fossil fuel emissions. Presently, Australia is at a pivotal phase of its change to renewable energy power generation and utilization specifically in residential and commercial buildings. Sustainability in renewable energy utilization is being achieved through guided government policies, reasonable energy costs, and improved energy technology transfer approaches. To give a refreshed delineation of renewable energy, related government policy, and the route ahead in the Australian setting, this chapter presents a deliberate Australia update with renewable energy generation and utilization in Australian buildings.

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